some obscure term that Wikipedia knows about, you might get two dozen results that all say the same thing-seemingly authoritative un- til you realize they all spread from a snapshot of Wiki-one that is now severed from the context of editability and might seem more cr
This can be dangerous, especially because when we see the same information in a variety of places, we make the assumption that we can trust the information is correct.
Of course, writing "without bias"--even in the circumscribed way that Wikipedia de- fines it-is, as Wikipedians concede, "difficult" since "all articles are edited by people" and "people are inherently biased."
As I read this article, I am wondering whether bias is truly that hurtful/bad when dealing with history. While it is obviously important to know the truth and the facts behind an event or period of time, I think that the opinions of how those events impacts the people in the past and today is an extremely important step to take in order to really analyze.
of the Digital Age"; an "incredible example of open- source intellectual collaboration") as well as sharp criticism (a "faith-based encyclopedia" and "a joke
This paper is interesting for me to read because in high school, I was constantly told by my teachers that "Wikipedia is not a reliable source." I'm glad that I get to read a different aspect on it now. Even if it is not "reliable" for formal papers, there are definitely things to learn from Wikipedia.
Digitalsearch can permit us to string anecdotes into compelling tales without really seeingthe terrain they span.
I agree with the author in this disregard, especially when we are provided with so much information with a simple Google search. This prevents us from seeing the terrain of historical events that have occurred through long periods of time.
t’s like the joke about the drunken partygoer looking for his keys under a lamp-post: “Didn’t you lose them on the other side of the street?” “Yeah, but the light’sbetter here.”
This is a funny example to me that helps me understand the author's perspective. that author is arguing that before the Internet, information was not as easily accessible, and people had to dig around to find relevant information in regards to their research However, with the advancement of technology the information has become more accessible, which has advantages and disadvantages.
Motivated by the potential to expose and document voices from underserved and under-heard communities, individuals and organizations gravitated to the Web to harness the power of computers to collect, analyze, and present digitized data.
This strong motivation is one that we nee to consider as individuals today. While these big databases may seem like a lot of work, and things for historians to do, we can also learn how to create more awareness for underserved communities ourselves.
Consider allowing students to tailor projects to their interests.
I love that with this class, we can all be given direction, but we are ultimately in charge of our learning and we can mold our learning into our future interests!
This type of peer modeling can be more effective than instructor feedback in getting students to create, in this case, a more reader-friendly blog post. Another benefit of digital assignments, including those posted to Blackboard, is that they allow students without advanced levels of digital literacy to practice basic digital skills, like taking and posting screenshots, centering images, and using hyperlinks.
This concept is cool to center a class on, especially with digital media! I look forward to learning from my peers.
Use these tools with a critical eye. Build up an understanding of how digital tools such as learning management systems, keyword searchable full text databases, and web-based publication software are changing intellectual production.
This is something that I really value because it is crucial to keep an eye out for bias and subjectivity. These are not bad things, but things that we need to critically consider.
using the university’s digital library catalog, sharing reports with managers and colleagues, working on draft chapters via email with a co-author, or doing keyword searches of newspapers online.
I think that it is so cool to see how far technology has come, to allow us to utilize digital history in a way that is efficient. It will be really cool to see how it is evolving.
This focus on the minerals trust, however, must also be seen as a politi-cal strategy. Crum had only four months previously lost his bid for the Osage Nation Congress. By posting on the osa’s webpage, he hoped to bolster his campaign prospects for 2010.
Unfortunate that representative might not do the best for their people because of political motives. But they are really good at illustrating that they will.
f there was one constant theme throughout the community meetings, it was that the Osage Mineral Estate should be left alone.
More than from a monetary point of view, it was sentimental for them because they built the business ad it is one of the last things that is theirs.
we were greeted by the stares of two dozen citi-zens, who were already waiting for the meeting to begin.
Shows how important this is to them.
The United States agree to protect the Cherokee nation from domestic strife and foreign enemies and against intestine wars between the several tribes.
Ironic that the US promises to protect tribes from each other, but then do things that put the tribes in danger.
revenues usually go directly to the elected governing body of the tribe—the tribal council—and that group of elected officials makes decisions about how that money will be distributed. Will it be invested in other economic activities, will it be distributed to individual tribal members through per capita payments, or will it go towards cultural programs or social services? These are decisions that the tribal government makes.
I wonder how the Native people feel about the tribal council's decisions, and how often the decisions don't align with what the people want.
In the late 1970s, as Harmon writes, some non-Natives charged that Native people had an unfair advantage in competition for economic assets because they didn’t have to play by the same rules as other Americans.
They didn't have to play by the same rules because they were disadvantaged. They were stripped of everything, and when they got some rights back, people fired back and said that they were on a different playing field.
he had been denied access to her civil rights in the Cherokee Nation, as had all of the Freedmen since 1983, and whenever she asked me “What can we do?,” well, I believe strongly in tribal self- determination, that being the right to live under our own laws and have our own court.
This is why I voted that treaty rights are more important than racial definitions. Her parents were both on the Dawes Roll as freedmen and she wanted to participate in the civil rights of the Cherokee Nation, which I believe she deserved.
preceding article shall have the right to elect all their local officers and judges, and the number of delegates to which by their numbers they may be entitled in any general council to be established in the Indian Territory under the provisions of this treaty
This sounds great, but I feel like these unfulfilled promises of representation sounds like a broken record now...
Please explain your answer in the annotations.
While I was initially drawn to choose "racial definitions," I don't think it is fair for people with ancestors that were submerged into Native culture (but had no Native blood) to lose their tribal citizenship. Culture is more about the traditions and values passed down from generation to generation in my opinion, and restricting access solely based on blood quantum seems a bit too restrictive.
I wanted to annotate the picture of them carrying a tree but I had trouble trying to annotate that one picture. That picture stood out to me because despite their hardships, they still commit to their traditions and they stay bonded. They know the suffering that comes with their lifestyle and they choose to continue fighting for it instead of giving up.
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There is a lot of suffering that can be seen in these photos. Not even from the environment they are in, but also their expressions. They were left to endure a lifestyle that they kept fighting to improve. These pictures amazingly capture their resilience in their hardships.
The Navahos desper a t ely want an education. They want to get out o f t h e ir cond ition of e x treme poverty, unsanit ary housing and living, acute s ickness and ignorance.
The Native people were seen as savages who wanted to live on their own without support. However, they were craving an education and opportunities.
It is a tough l ife and fifty per cent of the Navahos are unable to survive beyond their s ix th year.
I wonder what this statistic was for White people.
And he is re-fu sed old age pension and social security bene-fits ( though when employed, the Indian pays social security taxes the same as anyone else).
This is blatant proof that they didn't have the same opportunities. If they lawfully weren't equal, I can't imagine the hardships they had socially.
Thfl President may at any time order a survey of the reservation, and when so surveyed, Congress shall provide for protecting the rights of said settlers in their improvements, and mav fix the character of the title held by each.
How did the Native people feel about this? Was it actually helpful?
e reimbursed for his loss from the annuities or other moneys due or to become due to them under this treaty, or any others that may be made with the United States.
I wonder how common this was and I would love to read about how specific cases were dealt with after this treaty was created. It would be interesting to learn the contrast of outcome before and after.
Women who were sterilized were deeply affected with psychological difficulties, including shame and guilt. Some turned to alcohol and drugs as a way to cope. Many marriages ended in divorce. These practices affected the whole community.
I'm sure we have all been shocked at the terrible statistics regarding Native women. These events, such as sterilization put them through so much trauma that they turned to hurtful things to help them cope. Even after they endured discrimination their entire lives, this was something that they probably could never get over in their lifetime.
“For most Americans, the glass of modern Indian life is empty of all but pain, suffering, and misery. But what if we saw it as half full? Admittedly, we would see sorrow and hardship—but also pulsing life, joy, and beauty.” [2]
It is important that we understand the history of Native people to sympathize with their suffering throughout the decades. But also, we must celebrate who they are as people and their traditions that have also endured with them!
hen Lone Wolf took his case to the U.S. Supreme Court, the tribes not only lost but also the court ruled “that the tribes had no title to the land at all. Rather the land was held by the United States and the tribes had mere occupancy rights. Therefore the [plenary] power of Congress to dictate conditions of li
This is so sad. They fought so hard for their land only for it to be taken away and for them to be told it wasn't really theirs.
This was hardly the first time, it should be noted, that the United States violated its treaty with the Seneca, merely the latest in an American tradition of duplicity.
This is why I said that honoring treaties is more important when it comes to Native self-determination. When treaty after treaty was disregarded, this prevented a trust between the US and the Natives.
understanding the way Native people have been subject to colonialism within the US
I think that honoring the terms of the treaties would objectively be better than understanding because the US understanding does not guarantee better treatment.
Thomas’ curriculum would serve as a way of liberating their minds, and in turn, helping their communities. He encouraged students to confront the idea of internal colonialism and apply it to analyses of federal policies, their own communities, and even themselves. He explicitly asked students to compare the consequences of colonialism in places like India, Kenya, Ghana, and New Zealand with Native peoples’ experiences in the US.
This is such an important topic to cover for students who are personally struggling through termination and assimilation. This probably inspired many of them to take action and understand the roots of colonialism.
“Many of the individuals that favored termination were well-meaning people. They believed that they were offering Indian people an opportunity to join mainstream society. They were doing this, not to Indians, but for Indians.”
This is interesting to me because people had the right intentions, but it was obviously flawed in how it would hurt the Native people. This makes me wonder about different policies today, that we may think is a good idea, but is actually harmful to the people we want to help.
As much as she craved food, so did she fear other things. Sirens made her“hysterical.” The drinking of alcohol put her in a panic.
I can't imagine all the neglect that she endured to be so scared of the world.
With her revitalized sense of herself, and a sociology degree, Karen gotwork as a “mental health technician” at a group home for emotionally disturbed girls on the Rosebud Reservation.
I'm glad that she went back to a reservation to help people who she really had a burden for.
It will include a “visitation room” for women andchildren to have supervised encounters with the men who hurt them
While this may not seem as advanced, this is an awesome integration to help women interact with men while feeling safe.
Buttheurgencyofthematter,thedifficultiesoftreatingwithIndiansoversuchalargearea,andtheslownessinvolvedinthethreemenactingasaboard,indicatedthedesirabilityofeachCommissionerassumingresponsibilityforalargeareasothatthestatecouldbecoveredmorerapidly
I can imagine the difficulties with this. There are people awaiting for results and the responsibility lays on the shoulders of 3 people.
perpetually non-taxable except by autonomous and sovereign Indian authority, and should never again be permitted to be alienated from Native American or Indian ownership and control.
Also important to establish because taxed lands would greatly hurt the Native people and would not be fair to tax the land that is theirs.
The Congress should enact a Joint Resolution declaring that as a matter of public policy and good faith, all Indian people in the United States shall be considered to be in treaty relations with the Federal Government and governed by doctrines of such relationship.
While this seems broad, I think it is important to establish this treaty relation and to implement that the government cannot just simply choose which treaties to obey.
Other prominent Native intellectuals and activists argued that citizenship should be granted to Indians so their presence in the US could be recognized.
Although the Native people did not want to compromise their identity, they felt like they had to assimilate in in order to gain representation and receive support.
I defy you to find any Indian in them when they are grown…Color amounts to nothing. The fact that they are born Indians does not amount to anything.”
This is so heartbreaking to hear because it basically implies that these boarding schools are purposed to strip the Native people of their cultures and rid of it. Culture is not defined by what a certain race is expected to do, but by their experiences living as a person.
In 1882, the Indian Rights Association was formed. This was an organization made up primarily of non-Natives who pledged to protect the rights and interests of Native people.
I wonder how the Native people felt about this. Did they want this support or did they feel pitied?
$250,000 and five years in prison for the first offense by an individual and $1 mil- lion for the first offense by other than an individual. For subsequent violations, the fine is $1 million for an individual and $5 million for other than an individua
Wow this is a steep punishment.
more important for a people’s sovereignty
I was torn on which to choose, but I chose membership because it people are not bonded together through identity, it is hard for them to fight for sovereignty as a strong force. I think that land is importance because that is was the US valued and tried to take away. However, at the end of the day, the Natives put up a strong fight because of their pride in their traditions.
United States is held up as this bastion of free-dom and democracy, and we have to model ourselves after the freedom that the USA provide
After reading about the Native narratives. it is getting harder and harder to believe this.
Indian reservations federal property.
Even if the Indian reservations are protected under federal property, there are drawbacks like these that prevent them from getting basic rights that they are entitled to.
They’re targeted there by a non- Native person who recognizes them— because she’s a very vulnerable person who’s probably not going to be believed anyway, and perpetrators target her because she’s not somebody that’s going to be believed or supported.
This mindset just goes to show how corrupted our nation is. Instead of trying to steal rights from the Native people, we should be focusing on educating our own people first.
t’s very paternal-istic, the view that we have to turn to the Great White Father to come into our community and essentially say, “Okay, this rape was wrong and we’re going to prosecute the offender and protect you as your guardians.”
The Major Crimes Act invalidated the Natives jurisdiction system by attempting to dismantle their political system. Even though Natives were able to handle cases, the fact that these laws were put into place demonstrates their struggle for power.
Instead, what the Tribe has had all this time qualifies only as a “dependent Indian community.”
They really switched things up just to get what they wanted. This is so unfair and they don't build a strong case for themselves, but they still have the upper hand.
638 percent greater chance of dying from an alcohol-related disease, an 81 percent greater chance of being murdered, and a 91 percent greater chance of committing suicide.
Wow. These statistics really put things into perspective for m.e. The fact that this is all still relevant today also shows how much more things were magnified back then.
but perhaps the more urgent lesson is simply a cautionary tale about the risks of dealing with people who don’t keep their word.
The Americans knew that they could take advantage of breaking treaties and get away with it because they had the upper hand.
for in fact the Ojibwe kept moving, sometimes by choice, some-times by following the seasons, and sometimes because other people said it was time to move.
Another reason why jurisdiction is important. It gives people authority over themselves and their human rights.
The following claims shall be paid by the United States.
The government using their money to pay for things does not cover up the fact that they are removing the Natives from their land.
What does jurisdiction have to do with sovereignty?
Reading this blog post helped me understand the importance of jurisdiction from more points of views. Protecting women's rights, especially because of sexual violence and rape is not really something I considered with tribal jurisdiction. However, reading these narratives gave me a better insight as to why it is so important to continue fighting for rights and power.
conceptions of state’s rights
If the state extensions of criminal jurisdiction were shaped by the conceptions of states' rights, there would be more fairness and clarity in the rules. However, the vague aspects allowed the states to play around with the rules and pit it against the Natives.
Allotmentwas a disaster. The majority of tribal land was declared surplus and lost to land-hungry whites.
What did we expect? The people with more power would obviously win and gain more control.
We just wanted to make sure we held on to our land, that nobody would take it from us.
In the video, Cobell mentions how the Natives were robbed billions of dollars, which should have properly been managed by the government. This mistrust in the government relates to how they wanted to just hold onto their land because they were scare someone to try to take it from them. This mistrust led them to constantly live in fear.
The officials refused, telling her she wasn’t “capable” of understanding it.
Pushing someone away because they are young is such a bad excuse to not provide an accounting, especially when they're supposed to be giving an exact amount of money.
refusingto leave until she could attend.
This tenacity in her is honestly remarkable.
We never asked for this system; it was imposed on us. Now, they are mismanaging our money--not appropriations or donations, but our own money--and we can't fire them. . . . All that's going to change.We are not going to let them off the hook. There has to be reform and restitution. There has to be justice.
In the video, Cobell says that the case has been dragged on for 10 years, and this is to return something to the Natives that already belonged to them. The fact that they are struggling for healthcare and desperately need this accounting says a lot about how they are being treated to this day
because Indians were regarded, under the European Law of Nations and the doctrine of discovery, as an inferior race of savages
This idea that certain races are inferior seems like such a normal narrative in the past and the present. This is so sad.
This fourth element seeks to explain and defend the Supreme Court’s passive institutional role in enforcing and perpetuat-ing the Founders’ racist vision of Indian rights under U.S. law.
How can we be proud of our country when stuff like this was the basis of our government.
“character and religion” of the New World’sinhabitants “afforded an apology for considering them as a people over whom the superior genius of Europe might claim an ascendancy.”
Hearing their justification make me so angry. The natives were set up to fail after the European conquest because they would never accept that Indians had the same rights.
The model of inferior and diminished Indian rights under the Constitution and laws of the United States laid out in these three seminal cases continues to defi ne the Court’s approach to all questions of Indian tribal rights.
Because they were oppressed in the past, it makes it easier to continue oppressing them because they can just repeat history.
The boundary allotted to the Cherokees for their hunting grounds, between thesaid Indians and the citizens of the United States, within the limits of the United Statesof America, is, and shall be the following,
Did this also means that people that were not a part of the Cherokees could not hunt on their ground?
The United States do receive them into their friend- ship and protection.
So ironic that they list everything that the Native Indians can't do and then says that they are friends.
Southern tribes were banned from operating tribal governments. Tribal members were susceptible to criminal punishment if they tried to go into public service.
This is basically taking away representation among themselves. I believe that representation is the most important part of giving people a voice. Them having to live by a set of laws that were forced upon them must have been extremely degrading.
Many white settlers argued that Native people, because they were not white, would never be able to integrate into white society on equal footing with other non-Native white southerners.
Just as African Americans have had an unfair experience in the US, we need to equally emphasize for the native people who were robbed. They may be smaller in number today, but the pain they suffered will never leave them.
I believe that the several Indian Nations represented in this Council, possess sufficient -talent to enact laws for their own protection.
Despite all the rejection, they still have hope to fight. This goes to show how much they value their traditions.
Our people have started a great many houses, had a considerable number of rails made, land broken and fenced, and under cultivation; have about 68 houses up, and have made many improvements upon their farms.
They are constantly having to prove themselves to the US government that they are not the savages they are made out to be. This is so disheartening because everything they accomplished is clouded by the fact that they have to use it to prove themselves.
There are in all nearly 100 scholars ; they are improving fast, many of them can read and write and are fast learning to talk the language of the white people
The Native Americans knew that they need to assimilate to white culture in order to be more accepted. This reminds me of our society today, because of social classes, who deem certain qualities as "better" than others.
Many innocent persons were killed, and my people, fearing they would be involved in the war, fled from their homes, in their haste and excitement abandon-ing all their property but their horses.
This must be the worst... People in the tribes feeling out of fear and basically leaving the tribe. They have no choice but to protect their families.
If there are troubled days ahead for Oklahoma tribes, it will bebecause Congress takes action to deprive tribal sovereignty.
I love that this author is not afraid to say that Congress is straight up unfair and insane in their tactics.
Five Tribes had collectively become a formidablepolitical power within the state and nationally
Glad to hear that they could come together and become stronger. Sounds so cliche but it is really true. They couldn't have done is separately with different goals and ambitions.
ll three branches of thefederal government were aligned to force allotment without tribal input.
The US attempted to restrict the Five Tribes and scrutinize them so that if they gave any ounce of rebellion, the US would attack them with full force. This is a clear depiction of manipulation.
The movement was never intended to create a confederation of IndianNations18 and it was not a covert or tactical attempt to preserve tribal laws andinstitutions under a different name
The US government couldn't understand that even this new state would be a compromise for the natives. The federal law would overcome the tribal law, and the US would also rule over this new state. The US couldn't even see past that.
Chinese wall
They don't want history in other places to be repeated again.
the Indian governmentWould be at an end
I can't imagine how threatened and hopeless they felt, knowing they didn't have a voice. They know they could protest, but also that they don't stand a chance, even if they gave their all.
on the basis of narrative reports and detailed descriptions of the curriculum (as well as recommendations, essays, and interviews)
I wonder how this will change with time. This was a very stressful time for me senior year and I didn't feel like my application was an accurate representation of my abilities. My friends and I always joke that applications are like a drop in the ocean, and we don't even think admissions really looks at the applications.
“If you have one eye on how close you are to achieving your goal, that leaves only one eye for your task.
This is actually a really true. If students were given a chance to explore their real interests, they would have a much easier time learning and achieving important goals.
(or instructions that emphasize the importance of getting good grades) has found a negative effect.
It is so interesting that people will agree on the importance of education, especially with students being at schools for a majority of the day, but they do not incite change for what happens at schools.
I was writing for a grade — I was no longer exploring for me.
I actually have a different experience compared to most others. My grade was my motivating factor and pushed me to try harder. I think it is because grades always determined my value, which is super unhealthy, but that is the environment I was brought up in. I'm excited for the new grading method for this class so I can explore more without being scared about the grade I will get.