Stonyfield’s “secret: when you make a better product and you’re dedicated to causes people careabout, all that...builds a lot of loyalty (which means you don’t really have to rely on advertising)

enormous power to choose the polluting, consumptive and failedways of the past or the renewable and sustainable ways of the future...When we purchase anything,we are voting for the kind of communities, society and planet we want.

it seemed clear thatAmericans were more responsive to the example of business than to that of non-profits andacademia, no matter how significant their respective missions. While mulling over the entireexperience at Epcot, he blurted out to his mother: “I have to become Kraft.”

he loss of family farms would have aprofound impact on both our country and our planet.

Kevin Cullen, introduced him to Living the Good Lifeby Scott and Helen Nearing, which “hailed the joys of self-reliance, being close to the land

During numerous visits over his 15-month study, henoticed that he never once caught a view of the Atlantic for it was now continuously obscured bysmog. Gary had his first measurable taste of the pollution trends along the Eastern Seaboard.

“We’ll see where you stand when you’re beheaded by one of your refu-gees. You want to welcome someone, welcome the American Christians beingpersecuted by refugees!”

Many believe that all refugee terrorists are criminals who ... all they want to do iscome over to our country and come to South Carolina and rob and steal andrape and kill. We heard that over and over again, and that’s why I said I feltbad for the folks who were sitting there who are refugees [points to the onlygroup of People of Color in the public response section of the room, whowere not refugees].

There was no imagining – nor space to imagine – the actual threat that refu-gees faced that caused them to flee or their inclusion in America.

use things that Americansneeds [sic.] making more good people homeless and they use everythingbefore they kill us all”

Using government systems was akin to com-mitting a crime for Black and Brown refugees, while permissible for white refu-gees

He, therefore,claimed that in order to prevent future acts of terror from refugees, South Car-olina needed to change resettlement policy and deny all refugees

holy war against Christians

As senators debated Syrian refu-gees, the senator demanded to know that if a Syrian refugee goes to a“white-European country”, is he still considered Syrian and Arab by US reset-tlement officials, or is he considered European, and thus white. Wheninformed that people from Middle Eastern countries are racially categorizedas white in the US Census, he balked: “They’re not like me. They’re Muhama-dens”

Refugees, bill supporters argued, were the persecu-tors (not the persecuted) because they undermined “the American Christianway of life”.

The result is that both groups constructed Muslim non-European refugees –especially men – as potential terrorists who posed a security threat.

identify the five ways in which nationalismrelies upon women: (1) as biological reproducers of the future nation; (2)establishing the boundaries through heteronormative sexual relationshipsor marriage (i.e. anti-miscegenation); (3) keepers and transmitters of culture;(4) symbols and signifiers of the nation and national difference; (5) as tokenparticipants in national struggles.

“racial ignorance:” a “process of knowing designed to producenot knowing” about race that produces and legitimates white supremacy andpatterned racial inequality

Racist nativism highlights how the racialization of immigration statusesserves to support white supremacy by legitimizing a construction of US citi-zenship and belonging as inherently white

Bill supporters used their bodies to emphasize their phenotype and jew-ellry to highlight their Christianity to signal legitimate national belonging;as with other forms of nationalism, women, their bodies, and their reproduc-tivity mark the boundaries of the nation – in this case, white Christian nation-alism

concerns about refugeesare expressed as concerns about terrorism that invoke race, religion, andnationality and situate the need for refugee exclusion within legal frameworksof economy, assimilation, security, and state’s rights

it might need to partner with other organizations related to the food justice mission

financial viability before being able to address all problems in this system

sources of revenue volatility and human capital requirements are some of thosechallenges that could put at risk the long-term financial viability of an organization

The long-term viability of New Roots Inc. is also a priority for farmers as it is this organizationthat provides them the opportunity to sell large volumes of products at a fair price

But given the community food servicessector outlook suggests this source of income is an important source of revenue for this sector,New Roots Inc. might be competing with this sector for corporate charitable contributions.

it isexpected that as corporate profits recover after the COVID-19 pandemic, corporate charitablecontributions will increase and become a stable source of income for these organizations.

surplus revenuereported in this sector is related to restricted contributions that cannot be easily spent,

Comparison between Food Hubs, Community Food Services Organizations, and NewRoots Inc

In 2019, nonprofit food hubs generated on average a 7% net profit margin, defined as gross revenuedivided by total expenses.

food hubs committed to increasing healthy foodaccess to low-income households are newer food hubs, are highly dependent on external funding

Instead of simply providing access to farm products to low-income families, New Roots Inc. allows the communities to define their problems and needs interms of food justice, and uses and invests in the human and social capital of the communities itserves

New Roots Inc. would also like to explore the possibility of merging with other nonprofitorganizations to run the programs more efficiently and at a lower cost.

LFEsegment, and to access corporate donations sponsorships to support FSM operations

Moving forward, by the end of 2019, the executive director of New Roots Inc. believed thatdiversifying the organization’s revenues might contribute to long-term financial viability

o cover this risk, New Roots Inc. followed a financiallyconservative approach by saving relatively high amounts of cash over time

achieving the organization’smission to connect farmers to markets that pay them fair prices,

most financial ratios improved in 2019

1 41% 34% 7% 6% 11% 4%

1.81

A critical event occurred in 2018 when New Roots Inc. did not receive anticipated funding from afoundation associated with a for-profit U.S. health insurance company and reported a net loss inthe 2018 fiscal year.

However, New Roots Inc. has the challenge of covering its operatingexpenses from other sources of revenue in order to be financially sustainable

New RootsInc.’s average reported number of volunteers between 2014 and 2019 was 233.

In 2014, New Roots, Inc.had only two employees, while between 2015 and 2018, the organization employed between sevenand nine employees, with this number dropping to five in 2019 due to a financial problem facedby New Roots Inc. in 2018.

Table 2 also shows that a large percentage of expenses wasrelated to employees’ salaries and benefits, which could be explained by the high level ofcoordinating activities required in food justice-related organizations.

Net Income (loss) 33,851 -170,534 58,618 54,561 10,586 90,051

Stylized FSM Supply Chain after 2018 with an Emphasis on Communication Flows

Those farmers providing more than 50% of the produce for FSM communicate with thefarmer anchor, but other farms providing specific products in smaller quantities (e.g., fruits)communicate directly with the executive director of New Roots Inc. to coordinate orders anddeliveries.

The uber farmer liaison specifically communicated withfarmers to assess produce supply for each week and created a spreadsheet with this information.This individual shared supply information with farmer liaisons from each FSM.

Before 2018, New Roots Inc. used to purchase products froma larger proportion of smaller vegetable farms (less than one acre), but the logistics associated withcoordinating purchases in this model demanded staff time that, as we will explain later in thispaper, was not available any longer after 2018 due to the financial challenges New Roots Inc. facedin 2018

Before 2018, FSM procured products from more than 50 farms(Hyden, 2017)

three of them provide more than 50% of the productspurchased by New Roots Inc.

Farmers selling produce to FSM are considered small- and medium-sized local farmers.

community members are the ones identifying theneed for FSM in their community

tend to focus on delivering products to families located in these neighborhoodswith the support of local organizations without necessarily engaging the individuals they serve inthe planning and logistics of running these kinds of market models

New Roots Inc.does not encourage volunteers from outside of the community or outside of their shareholder baseto participate in FSM

the “food justice share,” because households choosing this product pay a higher amount tosubsidize the value of shares for those households facing limited resources.

they pay a different price based onhousehold income, with prices set at $6, $12, $25, or $40 per share

compared to processed orfast-food prices

expanded the definitionof food deserts to include shareholders that might live close to a grocery store

New Roots Inc. defines fresh-food-insecure neighborhoods as those areas within a cityidentified as food deserts or areas where households are facing limited resources4 or have limitedaccess to healthy and affordable food

food-insecure neighborhoods asa set of zip codes with statistically significant higher rates of food-insecure households whencompared to other zip codes within a city.

FreshStop Markets (FSM) and leadership development, skills-building, and food education (LFE)

a key element of assessing the financial sustainability of this market model is the abilityto retain producers and cover operating expenses while paying fair prices to farmers

Food hubs are defined as businesses and organizations that aggregate, distribute, and market foodproducts mainly from local and regional producers, aiming to strengthen the ability of theseproducers to reach wholesale, retail, and institutional markets

(i) facilitating low-income food-insecure households’ access to healthy foods (foodaccess), (ii) connecting small and medium-sized, limited-resource farms to markets (marketaccess), and (iii) supporting community engagement that promotes and supports sustainable foodsystems and healthy eating (community engagement).

we defined foodjustice as sharing risks and benefits among participants of a given food system, with an emphasison rectifying historical inequalities and structural exclusions

For example, if a cleanmeat lab was primarily powered by fossil fuels, it would potentially emit more carbon than the cows.