heavy use fo alliteration -> there are fleeeting moments of meaning through the alliteration

becomes a motif (synecdoche for heaven/skies above) -> hope is fading

Wasteland -> modernity as a vision of Hell

truncation

'dead land' and 'cactus land' -> symbol of humanity

stoccato-like metre -> marching, seperate/sharp

biblivala -> Echoes Eliot's life and where he is on his religious journey

pathetic fallacy -> between times

Objective correlative -> images of death, deserted land and barren ideologies repressent Eliot's emotions about modernity and the crisis of sspirituality

part of a couplet

Repeated -> almost a yearning for divinity but no way to it in society's current state

judgement is empty -> Epistemological crisis --> nothing after life/ no way to get there

Grotesque imagery -> humanity is in the state of decay

• alliteration -> facades again (link to Rhapsody, Preludes and Prufrock

singular

repeated to emphasise the distance in society's spirituality -->> this modern life has made things harder.

positive cannotations biblical -> possible link to Dante and Beatrice: his muse --> in 'Divine comedy' her eyes are a powerful symbol, representing divide grace and the pathway to God.

simile -> paradise is out of reach

continuation of synecdochce of eyes

Nighrmarish -> avoiding spirituality

synecdoche: disembodied -> window to the soul (links to Rhapsody, Prufrock and Preludes) --> repeated idea of eyes and what they can and cannot see

alliteration: heaven

ffirst person -> moves away from the collective experience to the personal but only of 'I' --> almost 3rd person ---> seperation from self

repetition: stripping humanity away -> nightmarish private and collective identity is lost

humanity lost

collective pronoun

Hell: biblical allusion -> death of spirituality (metonymy) (link to prufrock)

vision of death

thresholdss -> afterlife

repetiton

almost like nothing can be done -> beyond humanity's control?

repetition of 'without' -> loss of humanity

fragments loosly held together

representation of humanity

repetition of 'dry'

rhyme

rhyme

repetition

almost like they've given up -> aural (audio) imagery: lack of sound

no thoughts * epistemological crisis modernity removes ideas and independence: unintelligent

link to posst war possibly

collective image like a gestalt

God's judgement?

'hollow men' and 'stuffed men empty/unfulfilled

collective: the speaker is one of them -> link to spirituality individuality is reduced

motif -> arid/barren --> nothing to supporrt the'nutrition' of humanity

Everything is breaking down. What is left for humanity?

knowledge and culture is being lost in the new society

simile -> no worth haering/no voice at all to communicate --> reduces humanity

Eliot had not yet converted to Anglicanism and still had an issue with religious purpose.

Modernity: where does religion belong? Science and industry led too less spiritualaity in society.

The presence of God is deliberately redacted (抹除) throughout -> lament (哀悼) of humanity?

unlike Guy Fawke's Night (Bonfire Night) with all of the fireworks.

repetition -> meaninglessness of life --> Apocalyptic (濒临崩溃、失去信仰与意义的) modern world

incomplete sentences from Lord's prayer (truncated) -> dismantled (瓦解) --> not even prayer was enough

repeated religious imageery

see previous note on assonance in this stanza

see previous note on assonance in this stanza

see previous note on assonance in this stanza

see previous note on assonance in this stanza

see previous note on assonance in this stanza

'desire', 'spasm', 'potency', existence', 'descent'

Assonance -> chant like --> feeling and Catharsis (情感净化/宣泄) has been lost ---> they are now only Hollow

Repeetition of 'Falls the Shadow'

Repeetition of 'Falls the Shadow'

Repeetition of 'Falls the Shadow' * possible link to war

refer to previous note on all the 'between's

refer to previous note on all the 'between's

refer to all previous notes on the 'between's

Gaps -> every part of life seems unfulfilled --> sexual desire unfulfulled

refer to previous note on all the 'between's

refer to previous note on all the 'between's

biblical allusion: Lord's prayer -> corrupted by humanity

refer to previous note

Psalm 23 - shadow of death -> motif -->humanity shrouded in darkness

notes on repetition of 'between'

GAPS * in knowledge of epistemological crisis -> no revelation启示 * action and agency（自主性）-> static/stuck in

allusion to the nursery rhyme 'Here we go arounnd the mullery bush' -> showing desolation (荒凉) and emptiness in a more barren landscape/ world

bathetic moment（情感突降的反高潮) -> hope doesnt seem to last in the poem --> Eliot 将原本象征希望与循环的童谣改写为空洞的仪式，使短暂的希望立刻坠入荒凉与虚无之中。

the only think that will save humanity -> we are all thhe 'empty men'

Burrowed from Dante (symbol of heaven)

many leaves -> full of life --> thus spirituality is what gives life meaning and without it we are empty/hollow

biblical allusion to the birth of christ -> follow star to a better life linked to spirituality

hope from faith

individuality is lost

individuality is lost

sordid (肮脏的) verb use highlights Eliot's view of socirty stripping sway of language and culture

biblical allusion but bleake outlook on it (post-apocalyptic后世界末日)

personification: disfigured -> breakdown of all structure

truncated and clumsy language

synecdoche and motif for what modernity has donee to humanity (metonymy)

synecdoche

religion is last -> humanitirs priorities are skewed

synecdoche -> deconstructed vision of humanity

rhetorical question without punctuation -> internal world/earth maybe? --> incomplete thoughts

synecdoche

synecdoche