eople generally learn words in the context of ordinary communication.
I agree this this. I have heard kids say some things they probably should not know at such a young age and it is simply because of what they are hearing at home, on the bus, on tv, etc.
childrenacquireavarietyofinformation;orthat,throughimitatingadultsandthroughbeinginstructedabouthowtoact,childrendevelopanentirerepositoryofskills
Sometimes parents do not realize that their kids are paying attention to them and do not realize that they will do and say what they do. If parents are teaching their kids that they can do whatever they want, then kids are not going to behave well at school.
Thatchildren'slearningbeginslongbeforetheyattendschool isthestartingpointof thisdiscussion.
I think this line is talking about kids learning first at home. Today, too many kids act out and do not listen to teachers because "they aren't their boss". When this line says kids learning begins long before they attend school I really believe this means their parents are the basis of their learning AND behavior.
long-term memory or with instructional design, the topic that provided the initial source of that knowl edge may appear bizarre—the game of chess
I find this example interesting. It stated previously that humans are not directly conscious of long term memory. So by relating this to chess, a game not many people understand, reiterates the fact that we don't know a lot about long term memory.
Adults and peers serve as key models in children’s lives.
I love this because nowadays I feel like parents do not really understand that their kids act the way they do because of how they let them act at home. I am a lifeguard in the summer and some of my students act totally different at the pool. With that being said, in the summer I am often told "I am not the boss" or "I am not going to listen to you, I do not have to" and that just goes to show that kids are not being enforced at home to listen. Permissive parenting I think plays a major role in parenting anymore where parents are just allowing their kids to do, say and act however just to keep them happy. But in reality that is not a way to raise children. Discipline is a good thing and is going to help kids in the long run.
when teachers tell them, ―You can do it,‖ or, ―Work hard and you’ll do well.‖ Such information can raise self-efficacy
Again, I have seen this first hand and I couldn't agree more. When I tell a child that they are doing well or encourage them to keep working hard, that child continues to work hard because they know I am watching. I know when someone tells me I am doing well in something or they like how well I'm working that makes me feel like I am setting an example and I put more effort in so people can learn from me and I feel that is the same for students.
Behaviors also can affect the environment, as when students eliminate distractions from their environments
I am one of those people who can't read while having music on, people talking or having the tv on. With that being said, I also struggle with reading on screens. I lose my place and it makes my head and eyes hurt. However, I know this is a route most schools are going. I feel like a tv is considered a distraction, but isn't a computer/iPad? Many students I work with work on iPads and I feel like these can be distractions because students are tempted to play games or search other things when no one is looking at them.
Students who receive encouraging feedback from teachers may feel more personally efficacious and work harder to succeed
I agree with this. I have seen first hand that when teachers reward students by saying nice things then that student works harder. The teacher I work with most uses a "clip system" where if the student does good, they can clip up and if they do something bad they must clip down. However, with all these IEP's in the classrooms nowadays I feel like teachers over reward in a way. I understand that some kids need to be told positive things or be rewarded to push them, but I feel like I have seen teachers "reward" kids for doing things like not talking for 10 minutes, which to me is something that shouldn't be rewarded because that is an expectation.
hlachlne instruction would per- mlt each student to proceed at his orvn rate
I agree with chilgema. Immediate feedback is so important in todays world. I know I like to have immediate results in everything I do and school is no different. It helps us learn from mistakes and grow from them quicker.
The machine itself, of course, does not teach.
I find this line powerful in a way. I think nowadays everyone is so consumed in technology and everyone has some type of technological device. We often forget about life offscreen. So when it says the machine itself does not teach this implies that we must remember to put our phones and computers down and learn to better our educations.
Thanks to the advent of television, how- ever, the so-called audio-visual aids are being reexamined
I agree here that technology is becoming a main part of education. Nearly almost every school has done away with textbooks and is nearly all online. I think this is a good thing, but for subjects like math (in which I will be teaching) I find this significantly bad because I find it hard to learn math on a screen. I know you can pull up pencil and paper, but I just think math on a computer is more complicated.
Punishment involves presenting a strong stimulus that decreases the frequency of a particular response
Personally, I think this is something teachers overlook nowadays. From being a sub, I have seen that students really test superiors and really do not care. To me, this is upsetting because from what I have seen, teachers just let it pass on and ignore what is happening. I believe children should be punished so at least they are learning they cannot get away with things within a classroom setting. What happens at home you cannot control, but you should be able to have control in your classroom.
It is helpful if teachers and parents work together with the student to ensure that thecontract is being fulfilled.
Being a substitute teacher, I have seen so many different kids and can tell a lot about their home lives from the way they portray themselves in the classroom. Some students are obviously slower learners than others and that is okay, but I think as parents it is important to communicate with your child's teacher so you are staying informed with how they are doing in the classroom and also help the teacher out if they are misbehaving or struggling. This way everyone is in the know and not blaming anyone for an unsuccessful school year.
all behaviors can also be unlearned
I like this line because as mbrear said below, we as people are growing and learning and we will never stop growing and learning. Every day is a day to learn new things.
Behaviorism is primarily concerned with observable and measurable aspects of human behavior
This is the first sentence of the reading and I find it very important because there are so many new ways that children act and so many have different ways of learning so it is important we can recognize this behavior.
The United States will need to hire 2 million teachers over the nextdecade to meet the demands of rapidly rising enrollments
I find this interesting because in my hometown and several surrounding schools, the enrollment rate is dropping and they are working on decreasing the size of schools which would mean eliminating teachers jobs.
Metacognition
I was unsure what this word meant so I highlighted it
Anunderstanding of veins and arteries does not guarantee an answer to thisdesign question, but it does support thinking about alternatives that are notreadily available if one only memorizes facts
I agree with this statement because just because you understand a topic does not mean you can answer a question about it. I don't know how many times I have understood something but got to a test and didn't know answers about the topics