- Oct 2024
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elixir.bootlin.com elixir.bootlin.com
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static inline bool should_continue_reclaim(struct pglist_data *pgdat,
This function decides whether there should be another round of reclamation. Stop reclaiming as long as space is sufficient for compaction or page allocation
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static void consider_reclaim_throttle(pg_data_t *pgdat, struct scan_control *sc) { /* * If reclaim is making progress greater than 12% efficiency then * wake all the NOPROGRESS throttled tasks. */ if (sc->nr_reclaimed > (sc->nr_scanned >> 3)) { wait_queue_head_t *wqh; wqh = &pgdat->reclaim_wait[VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS]; if (waitqueue_active(wqh)) wake_up(wqh); return; } /* * Do not throttle kswapd or cgroup reclaim on NOPROGRESS as it will * throttle on VMSCAN_THROTTLE_WRITEBACK if there are too many pages * under writeback and marked for immediate reclaim at the tail of the * LRU. */ if (current_is_kswapd() || cgroup_reclaim(sc)) return; /* Throttle if making no progress at high prioities. */ if (sc->priority == 1 && !sc->nr_reclaimed) reclaim_throttle(pgdat, VMSCAN_THROTTLE_NOPROGRESS); }
Managing throttling: wakes up throttled tasks when reclaim is making progress at some efficiency. Throttle reclaim if no progress (in reclaim_throttle(), throttling under no progress could also be skipped under some conditions).
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/* * We make inactive:active ratio decisions based on the node's * composition of memory, but a restrictive reclaim_idx or a * memory.low cgroup setting can exempt large amounts of * memory from reclaim. Neither of which are very common, so * instead of doing costly eligibility calculations of the * entire cgroup subtree up front, we assume the estimates are * good, and retry with forcible deactivation if that fails. */ if (sc->skipped_deactivate) { sc->priority = initial_priority; sc->force_deactivate = 1; sc->skipped_deactivate = 0; goto retry; } /* Untapped cgroup reserves? Don't OOM, retry. */ if (sc->memcg_low_skipped) { sc->priority = initial_priority; sc->force_deactivate = 0; sc->memcg_low_reclaim = 1; sc->memcg_low_skipped = 0; goto retry; }
Deactivation may be skipped if inactive ratio is not low or due to memory.Low limit. In this case, simply retry again with forcible deactivation/reclaim flags.
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scan_balance = SCAN_FRACT; /* * Calculate the pressure balance between anon and file pages. * * The amount of pressure we put on each LRU is inversely * proportional to the cost of reclaiming each list, as * determined by the share of pages that are refaulting, times * the relative IO cost of bringing back a swapped out * anonymous page vs reloading a filesystem page (swappiness). * * Although we limit that influence to ensure no list gets * left behind completely: at least a third of the pressure is * applied, before swappiness. * * With swappiness at 100, anon and file have equal IO cost. */ total_cost = sc->anon_cost + sc->file_cost; anon_cost = total_cost + sc->anon_cost; file_cost = total_cost + sc->file_cost; total_cost = anon_cost + file_cost; ap = swappiness * (total_cost + 1); ap /= anon_cost + 1; fp = (200 - swappiness) * (total_cost + 1); fp /= file_cost + 1; fraction[0] = ap; fraction[1] = fp; denominator = ap + fp;
Calculates the proportion of anon and file pages to be scanned based on swappiness. The whole funtion determines number of folios to be scanned for each type.
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if (young * MIN_NR_GENS > total) return true; if (old * (MIN_NR_GENS + 2) < total) return true;
Decides whether aging is needed. Aging is needed if the lruvec is short on cold folios. If returns true, the scanning of this lruvec is skipped.
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if (!swappiness) type = LRU_GEN_FILE; else if (min_seq[LRU_GEN_ANON] < min_seq[LRU_GEN_FILE]) type = LRU_GEN_ANON; else if (swappiness == 1) type = LRU_GEN_FILE; else if (swappiness == 200) type = LRU_GEN_ANON; else type = get_type_to_scan(lruvec, swappiness, &tier);
Makes a decision on which type to scan based on swappiness, for the generational lruvecs
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*/ if (sc->nr.dirty && sc->nr.dirty == sc->nr.congested) { if (cgroup_reclaim(sc) && writeback_throttling_sane(sc)) set_bit(LRUVEC_CGROUP_CONGESTED, &target_lruvec->flags); if (current_is_kswapd()) set_bit(LRUVEC_NODE_CONGESTED, &target_lruvec->flags); } /* * Stall direct reclaim for IO completions if the lruvec is * node is congested. Allow kswapd to continue until it * starts encountering unqueued dirty pages or cycling through * the LRU too quickly. */ if (!current_is_kswapd() && current_may_throttle() && !sc->hibernation_mode && (test_bit(LRUVEC_CGROUP_CONGESTED, &target_lruvec->flags) || test_bit(LRUVEC_NODE_CONGESTED, &target_lruvec->flags))) reclaim_throttle(pgdat, VMSCAN_THROTTLE_CONGESTED); if (should_continue_reclaim(pgdat, nr_node_reclaimed, sc)) goto again;
stall reclaim if lruvec is congested, which is determined by whether all dirty pages in the cgroup or node were marked for writeback
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static bool inactive_is_low(struct lruvec *lruvec, enum lru_list inactive_lru) { enum lru_list active_lru = inactive_lru + LRU_ACTIVE; unsigned long inactive, active; unsigned long inactive_ratio; unsigned long gb; inactive = lruvec_page_state(lruvec, NR_LRU_BASE + inactive_lru); active = lruvec_page_state(lruvec, NR_LRU_BASE + active_lru); gb = (inactive + active) >> (30 - PAGE_SHIFT); if (gb) inactive_ratio = int_sqrt(10 * gb); else inactive_ratio = 1; return inactive * inactive_ratio < active; }
Defines/calculates a target active-to-inactive ratio. There are various places where this function is called to decide whether the active list should be shrinked and whether inactive list could be expanded.
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nr = xchg_nr_deferred(shrinker, shrinkctl); if (shrinker->seeks) { delta = freeable >> priority; delta *= 4; do_div(delta, shrinker->seeks); } else { /* * These objects don't require any IO to create. Trim * them aggressively under memory pressure to keep * them from causing refetches in the IO caches. */ delta = freeable / 2; } total_scan = nr >> priority; total_scan += delta; total_scan = min(total_scan, (2 * freeable)); trace_mm_shrink_slab_start(shrinker, shrinkctl, nr, freeable, delta, total_scan, priority); /* * Normally, we should not scan less than batch_size objects in one * pass to avoid too frequent shrinker calls, but if the slab has less * than batch_size objects in total and we are really tight on memory, * we will try to reclaim all available objects, otherwise we can end * up failing allocations although there are plenty of reclaimable * objects spread over several slabs with usage less than the * batch_size. * * We detect the "tight on memory" situations by looking at the total * number of objects we want to scan (total_scan). If it is greater * than the total number of objects on slab (freeable), we must be * scanning at high prio and therefore should try to reclaim as much as * possible. */ while (total_scan >= batch_size || total_scan >= freeable) {
Determine the number of slab objects to be scanned (total_scan) based on 'freeable' and 'priority'. Scans are done in batch sizes unless memory is tight. Batch size is set by shrinker, or defaulted to SHRINK_BATCH at line 832
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if ((vm_flags & VM_EXEC) && folio_is_file_lru(folio)) { nr_rotated += folio_nr_pages(folio); list_add(&folio->lru, &l_active); continue; }
The goal is to identify executable code regions and keep them in memory under moderate memory pressure. The heuristic is to check VM_EXEC flag and whether folio is file-backed, and add identified folio back to active list.
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elixir.bootlin.com elixir.bootlin.com
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if (khugepaged_has_work()) { const unsigned long scan_sleep_jiffies = msecs_to_jiffies(khugepaged_scan_sleep_millisecs); if (!scan_sleep_jiffies) return; khugepaged_sleep_expire = jiffies + scan_sleep_jiffies; wait_event_freezable_timeout(khugepaged_wait, khugepaged_should_wakeup(), scan_sleep_jiffies); return; } if (hugepage_flags_enabled()) wait_event_freezable(khugepaged_wait, khugepaged_wait_event());
khugepaged thread sleeps when khugepaged does not have work (khugepaged_scan list is empty). Sleeps for khugepaged_scan_sleep_millisecs if has work
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if (hugepage_flags_enabled()) { if (!khugepaged_thread) khugepaged_thread = kthread_run(khugepaged, NULL,
hugeoage_flags_enabled() flag will turn on hupe page for all mappings. transparent_hugepage_flags is disabled by default. If enabled, khugepaged thread will start running.
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