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    1. Thus, the stifling coil of mandated silence around behaviors that do not fit within the heteronormative ideal is a breeding ground for shame in ARHMs, and the degrading discourse around anal sexuality that has historically filled the silence is further damning.

      Anal sex used to be policed mainly as a moral issue; however, it was later considered a medical issue and positioned as a public-health threat. In both of these instances, pleasure was left out. Pitagora states that anal sex became linked with words like dirty, immoral, gay and unnatural. The meaning has changed depending on who was defining it, which is similar to Margolin (2017). In both articles, experts defined "normal" sexuality and treated whoever fell out of it as a problem, showing that this is socially constructed. This makes me wonder why experts focus on danger and ignore the pleasure associated with anal sex?

    1. ‘Frigidity’ was sanctioned as a diagnosis in the 1952 version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, but did not appear in the 1968 version, or any subsequent version. Between 1940 and 1979, the titles of fifty articles listed under Psychological Abstracts contained the term ‘frigidity’ but none after 1979 (Elliott, Citation1985). During the 1950s, The Yearbook of Obstetrics & Gynecology advised physicians to investigate patients for ‘true frigidity’ following routine gynecological check-up, but never again afterward.

      The term "frigidity" was included in scholarly articles from 1940 to 1979; however, the term was no longer included after 1979. The fact that it had disappeared from scholarly writing supports the idea that "frigidity" was socially constructed and not a natural fact. Margolin (2017) states that the diagnosis rose as a result of Freudian theories and the postwar idea that a woman's place is in the home. It then fell as a result of scientists like Masters, Johnson and Kinsey, who objected to the evidence, and also because of second-wave feminism. This makes me question who gets to decide what counts as an illness and why.

    1. Far more frequently, however, non-monogamous women have been branded (sometimes literally) as whores, slandered as sluts, ostracized, deemed mentally ill, and/or imprisoned (Edwards et al. Citation2011; Foucault Citation1982).

      Sheff (2020) notes that women who have multiple partners are labelled with insults such as "whores" or being called mentally ill. These labels are created by society to protect the idea that monogamy is the only normal way to live. In the Margolin reading, women are labelled as ill for wanting too little sex, and deviant for wanting too much (or too many partners) in this one. This suggests that women's sexuality gets policed whichever way it goes. Sheff says women have greater social power in poly communities but also notes that race and class still shape who has power. This makes me wonder whether polyamory frees women and if so, then which women?