Most papers in the review reported a positive impact of female leadership: 119 (87%) were positive and statistically significant.
This shows it's for a general audience because it is reporting the findings of a research done.
44 Matching Annotations
- Apr 2025
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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“Change is the responsibility of everyone – not just women,” she wrote. “But clearly, more women appointed to leadership positions could drive transformative change in these biased systems.”
This quote highlights that fixing unfair systems isn’t just up to women. Everyone has a role. Still, having more women in leadership can help create real, lasting change.
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Even the studies reporting mixed findings still largely pointed to positive results, particularly when modified by other factors.
This line explains the results in an easy way, showing that even studies with mixed results still mostly found good things about women in leadership.
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To find out, researchers from the School of Public Health at Johns Hopkins University led a scoping review of peer reviewed research.In total, 137 relevant articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review.Studies were tagged positive if they reported an improvement, increase or benefit of the assessed outcome as a result of women’s leadership. They were tagged negative if they reported a decrease, weakening or worsening of the assessed outcome.
The study used a scoping review of 137 peer-reviewed articles, categorizing outcomes as positive or negative based on the impact of women’s leadership showing a structured, evidence-based approach.
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Andrew Gregory Health editor
Author. More can be found by clicking name. Andrew Gregory is a credible source as The Guardian’s Health Editor, with years of experience in health journalism and multiple awards recognizing his reporting.
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Female health leaders are good for a nation’s wellbeing, wealth, innovation and ethics, but remain an underused resource, particularly in low and middle income countries, a global review of evidence shows.
The study emphasizes that increasing female leadership in healthcare can lead to broad societal benefits, including improved national health outcomes, economic growth, and ethical governance. However, this potential remains largely untapped, especially in less affluent regions.
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despite making up 70% of the healthcare workforce as a whole, and 90% of the nursing and midwifery workforce, women hold just 25% of leadership roles, researchers found.
This statistic highlights a significant gender disparity in healthcare leadership. Despite women's substantial representation in the workforce, their underrepresentation in leadership roles suggests systemic barriers and potential biases that hinder their advancement.
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tudies can be accessed upon request.Records identified*:9912 from databases6 from PROSPERORecords removed beforescreening:31 duplicate records removed9881 records screened9742 records excluded*139 reports sought for retrieval0 reports not retrieved139 reports assessed for eligibility52 studies included in review7 protocols and registriesincluded132 studies included9 protocols and registries80 reports excluded4 reason 139 reason 225 reason 312 reason 4Records identified*:4334 from databases0 from PROSPERORecords removed beforescreening:184 duplicate records removed4150 records screened4000 records excluded*150 reports sought for retrieval0 reports not retrieved150 reports assessed for eligibility80 studies included in review2 protocols and registriesincluded68 reports excluded0 reason 143 reason 21 reason 324 reason 4A Searches from inceptionto January 21, 2022B Searches from inceptionto March 1, 2023
A table was provided to breakdown their findings but for more details a person would need to request them.
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he effect of artificial intelligence technologies on health-care workers was assessed in eight reviews.
This section is definitely to draw nurses in informatics and IT and AI specialists.
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health-care workers
Shows the audience
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References
Sources
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25–2
Citations
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herefore,we aimed to collate, analyse, and verify the currentevidence of the effect of these digital solutions on health-care workers’ performance and professionalcompetencies and streamlining provider–provide
This sentence show the purpose of the article/research.
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health-care
Audience could be healthcare professionals
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New digital solutions have been introduced
This suggest the audience could be nurses involved in informatics or IT specialists
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Israel Júnior Borges do Nascimento, Hebatullah Mohamed Abdulazeem, Lenny Thinagaran Vasanthan, Edson Zangiacomi Martinez,Miriane Lucindo Zucoloto, Lasse Østengaard, Natasha Azzopardi-Muscat, Tomas Zapata, David Novillo-Orti
Authors
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athology and LaboratoryMedicine, Medical College ofWisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA(I J Borges do Nascimento MD);School of Medicine andUniversity Hospital, FederalUniversity of Minas Gerais, BeloHorizonte, Brazil(I J Borges do Nascimento);Division of Country HealthPolicies and Systems, WorldHealth Organization RegionalOffice for Europe, Copenhagen,Denmark(I J Borges do Nascimento,N Azzopardi-Muscat PhD,T Zapata PhD,D Novillo-Ortiz PhD);Department of Sport andHealth Sciences, TechnicalUniversity of Munich, Munich,Germany(H M Abdulazeem MD, MSc);Physical Medicine andRehabilitation Department,Christian Medical College,Vellore, India(L T Vasanthan MPT);Department of SocialMedicine–Biostatistics,Ribeirão Preto Medical School,University of São Paulo,São Paulo, Brazil(E Z Martinez PhD,M L Zucoloto PhD); Centre forEvidence-Based MedicineOdense and CochraneDenmark, Department ofClinical Research(L Østengaard MSc) andUniversity Library of SouthernDenmark (L Østengaard),University of SouthernDenmark, Odense, Denmar
Authors credibility
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Lancet Digit Health 2023;5: e534–
Publisher
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[1] M. Dimitriadou, A. Merkouris, A. Charalambous,C. Lemonidou, and E. Papastavrou, “Te knowledge aboutpatient safety among undergraduate nurse students in Cyprusand Greece: a comparative study,” BMC Nursing, vol. 20, no. 1,p. 110, 2021.
The citation style used for the source you provided is APA (American Psychological Association), specifically for journal articles.
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References
Sources are found here
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Table
the Fornell–Larcker model, which as- sesses the discriminant validity of the study’s constructs. It examines whether each construct is more strongly correlated with its own latent variable than with other latent variables, thereby confrming their distinc- tiveness.
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1: Conceptual and theoretical model of the study.
This table is used to understand what's being described in the article
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In summary, the hypothesis of nursing workforcecompetencies as a mediator between AI utilization andemployee productivity represents a novel avenue for re-search inquiry in the feld of healthcare management andnursing practice [23]. By elucidating the underlyingmechanisms and pathways through which AI technologiesimpact productivity outcomes, this line of research has thepotential to inform evidence-based strategies for workforcedevelopment, technology implementation, and organiza-tional performance improvement within healthcare settings
This passage says that nurses' skills help AI work better in hospitals. The study looks at how AI affects nurses' jobs and how training can help them use it well. The goal is to find the best ways to teach nurses, use AI, and improve hospitals.
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t [1
Citation and reference can be found at the end of article. Clickable to drop down to reference. they are used throughout article.
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[17]
Another citation and reference can be found at the end of article.
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Tis research seeks to address these gaps by providinga comprehensive examination of these variables and theirrelationships, ofering valuable insights for healthcare orga-nizations navigating the evolving landscape of healthcaremanagement. Tis research endeavors to shed light on thesecritical relationships within the context of healthcare organi-zations. By examining the impact of technology integration, theuse of AI in nursing roles, nursing workforce competencies,and technological leadership on employee productivity, thisstudy aims to contribute valuable insights to the healthcaremanagement literature and ofer practical implications forhealthcare organizations navigating this dynamic terrain
Purpose of article/research. Audience is identified here as well.
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Workforce competencies are critical inrealizing the potential benefts of technological advance-ments in healthcare
Refers to othe required skills, training and professional development necessary for nurses to adapt to AI and technology integration.
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ofers vital insights for healthcare organizations, advocating strategic technologyintegration and workforce development.
This explains it's targeted audience.
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Atallah Alenezi , 1 Mohammed Hamdan Alshammari , 2and Ibrahim Abdullatif Ibrahim 1, 31 Nursing Department, College of Applied Medical Science, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia2 Mental Health Nursing Department, College of Nursing, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia3 Nursing Administration Department, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura
Here are the authors. Next to there names are green icons that link back to their personal info. Atallah Alenzi is from Shaaqra University nursing department, Mohammed Hamdan Alshammari is from University of Ha'il Mental health nursing department, Ibrahim Abdullatif Ibrahim are from Mansoura University nursing administration department. Establishes credibility.
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WileyJournal of Nursing ManagementVolume 2024, Article ID 8371068, 15 pageshttps://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8371068
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Ethical approvalThis study was exempt from review by theKing Abdullah Medical City (KAMC) InstitutionalReview Board (IRB), registered at the NationalBioMedical Ethics Committee King Abdulaziz Cityfor Science and Technology on 4 June 2012(registration no., H-02-K-001), followed GCP-ICHregulations (OHRP registration no., IORG0007625),and was approved by the IRB of King Abdullah Med-ical City in Holy Capital (protocol code, 21-801; dateof approval, 5 July 2021)
Article's credibility
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IOS Press
IOS Press is the publisher
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Table 1Frequencies and percentages of the demographic variablesSex Frequency PercentageMale 102 45.3Female 123 54.
Charts and tables help visualize data making it a bit easier to understand the results of the research done.
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About Chronic Diseases | CDC [Internet]. Cdc.gov.2022 [cited 6 February 2022]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/about/index.htm
The style of the references is Vancouver citation which is common in medical scientific writing. Sources are listed in order of appearance and include brief details like author, title, date, and a direct link.
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Results
The results in this section are sources
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e study population consists of 500 health-care administrative employees working at KAMC inMakkah, Saudi Arabia, with a 95% confidence leveland 5% margin of error. We calculated the samplesize to be 218 administrative employee
I believe the population used for the study are a form of sources.
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References
Here are the sources that were used.
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Table 2 shows that the most common chronic con-dition among employees was back/neck pain (44.9%;22.2% never received professional treatment), fol-lowed by other chronic conditions such as irritablebowel syndrome and severe anemia (44%; 22.2%never received professional treatment), chronic heart-burn (31.1%; 13.3% received previous professionaltreatment), migraine headaches (23.1%; 12.4% neverreceived professional treatment), high blood pressureor hypertension (18.2%; 8.4% never received pro-fessional treatment), diabetes (13.3%; 8% currentlyreceiving professional treatment), arthritis (12%;5.8% received previous professional treatment), andasthma (7.5%; 4.9% received previous professionaltreatment)
The terms in this explanation are all common terms instead of using medical terms which to me seems like the article is meant for a general audience.
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chronic condition
Healthcare language. It's showing the targeted audience.
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iabetes, hypertension, cancer,arthritis, asthma, migraines, and back pain
Healthcare language
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he study sample consisted of the healthcareadministrator
This shows the target audience is healthcare professionals
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The aim of this study was to examine the cor-relation between healthcare administrators’ chronicconditions and job absenteeism at King AbdullahMedical City (KAMC) in Makkah, Saudi Arabiaby measuring the impact of chronic conditions onemployee working hours and identifying the realcause of absenteeism, as well as to provide recom-mendations to reduce absenteeism related to chronicconditions
This sentence shows the purpose of this article which is to discuss the research that was done to measure the impact of chronic conditions on employees and the cause of absenteeism and how to reduce it.
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Absenteeism occurswhen an employee begins to chronically miss work,and can refer to a pattern of missing work [2, 3]. TheWorld Health Organization (WHO) defines chronicconditions as noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)that last for a long duration with a generally slowprogression, occurring as result of a combinationof genetic, physiological, environmental, and behav-ioral factors [4].Globally, the prevalence of chronic conditions isincreasing, becoming more common within the work-force as the number of people living with a chroniccondition increases. Moreover, appropriate recogni-tion and interventions by organizations to care fortheir employees with chronic conditions in their workenvironment are lacking, which may affect the qualityISSN 1051-9815/$35.00 © 2023 – IOS Press. All rights reserved.
Discussing employee absenteeism makes it likely that the intended audience would be for employers, adiministrative departments, employees and general readers who would like to know more information. I didn't mean to highlight all of this just the first sentence. Now that I'm continuing my reading it also mentions the work force which also shows the audience could be for employers or employees.
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Samahir Alturkistani
The author is Samahir Alturkistani and is from King Abdulaziz Univeristy Health Services and Hospitals Administrations located in Saudi Arabia.
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