The risk of a species going extinct or becominginvasive can be predicted using cross-taxonomiccomparisons of life history traits.
If we can use cross-taxonomic to predict the risk of extinction why do we still have species going extinct? Is this just prolonging the extinction?
Over thirty different multivari-ate techniques have been designed for variousapplications (Pérezet al.2008), each with theirown particular strengths and weaknesses.
It is good to see that there are over thirty different multivariate techniques. (which means: a Statistical procedure for analysis of data involving more than one type of measurement or observation. It may also mean solving problems where more than one dependent variable is analyzed simultaneously with other variables) but they all arent perfect and that is okay because not everything is perfect and we need to understand that. i feel like some people dont support certain things because they arent perfect, but we need support when come to these things.
potentially diverting already limitedconservation funds away from other, more imme-diate conservation problems
Its not good that capacity buildings are taking resources that are already limited in conservation funds especially when those funds are more immediate problems. that is just delaying the problems even more and who knows when those funds will return.
It is often difficult for conservation officials tounderstand the histories of peoples that may havepreceded a park or protected area.
I feel like we as a society have always struggled with trying to understand the history of people's cultures. And why do you think that is?
A successful conservation movement will effec-tively integrate the natural sciences and diversefields of social research.
i wonder if we have hit successful conservation movements and when we do how successful is it? Or have we not had a successful conservation movement and if not why?? What can we do to make sure we do.
The real challenge is forconservation scientists to translate theirfindings into better land planning and forestprotection strategies, whilst accounting forsocial, economic and political realities
It is hard for conservation scientists to ty and focus more on forest protection and still account for the political realities that they might face.
The African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is one ofthe world’s most rapidly expanding crops, andhas the highest yields and largest market shareof all oil crops
i was not surprised when reading this because of what we use it for, for example making soaps, cosmetics, candles. But i found an article that helps explains more of effects of African oil palm.
conservation efforts would be moreefficient and successful if they were focused at thelevel of whole ecosystems and landscapes, ratherthan individual species
i can understand the argument that we should try and focus more on the whole ecosystem/landscapes and not just on one species because it could be more effective that way but also more work to keep track of everything.
Percentage of imperiled vertebrates in China and the USA threatened by different factors. Reprinted from Li and Wilcove
i find this graph interesting because it is comparing two different countries. It is interesting to see that the US has 4 out of the 5 higher threats.
endemism
I forgot what endemism meant so i had to look it up. It means "Endemism is the state of a species being native to a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere." It is interesting to me that Madagascar have one of the highest priorities when it comes to conservation, i wonder why?
Many countries today have laws or programsdesigned to protect endangered species,
I think that this is a step in the right direction that most countries have laws/ programs to protect endangered species.
while futurerates may be 1000 times faste
It is crazy to think that the rates of extinction for the future are going to faster than they are now. This chapter helped me understand why they the rates are high and are more likely yo get higher. It id definitely not something that we should be proud of even though extinction is natural.
More detailed, regionalmodeling exercises in Australia (Williamset al.2003) and South Africa (Erasmuset al.2002)have led to predictions of the extinction of manyspecies with narrowly-restricted ranges duringthis or longer intervals.
Why are these places more likely to have extinction ? Is it just because of climate change ?
At current rates of defores-tation, most of the Amazon will be gone bymid-century.
since we know that at this current rate that most of the Amazon will be gone by mid-century, why are we not trying to make the rates go down?
extensive areas of tropical forest areunintentionally burnt by anthropogenicfires
i did not know what was meant when they said anthropogenic fires. So i looked it up and found out that they were " occurs throughout a range of. human-related activities and settings, from widely. scattered populations living in subsistence cultures. to densely settled urban societies; therefore, an- thropogenic fire is both temporally and spatially."
wildfires started to occur soon after vegetationestablished on the land surface (about 420 millionyears ago)
its crazy that wildfires have been around this long and we have still not found a way to isolate fires and knowing when they might happen and prevent them from getting bigger.
Urgent actions are needed to reverse the climaticchanges
I think more people to understand what is happening with climate change. that it is having a big impact on earth and might change the way we live.
https://www.greenamerica.org/climate-change-100-reasons-hope/top-10-solutions-reverse-climate-change
New Zealand enacted thefirstcomprehensive national strategy to address theentire issue of biological invasions
Have other countries looked at how New Zealand addressed their invasions? Having other countries try and see what they did and if it could help with their invasions.
Yet marinefisheries provideemployment and income for 0.2 billion peoplearound the world,
I never knew how much employment and income there was when it came to marine fisheries.
of undesirable species, which numerical-ly may correspond to 25–65% of the total catch.
Knowing that there is a 25%-65% of your total catch is undesirable for you, why are you still using that method?
The rapidacceleration in tropical forest defaunation due tounsustainable hunting initially occurred in Asia(Corlett 2007), is now sweeping through Africa,and is likely to move into the remotest parts ofthe neotropics (Peres and Lake 2003), reflectinghuman demographics in different continents.
Why is unsustainable hunting rapidly accelerating in Asia and now through Africa? Is there any way that we can try and stop the spread of this?
Many native vegetation communitiesare resistant to invasion by exotic plant speciesunless they are disturbed.
This caught my eye because i was curious on what it meant by "invasion of exotic plant species", i looked up what it meant by that and all it means is that " An exotic plant is one that is not native to our area, but which may survive and reproduce here, displacing native species and altering natural systems". https://www.co.walton.fl.us/DocumentCenter/View/29478/Vegetation-Guide?bidId=
It recognized theimportance of the spatial context of fragments
Why is spatial context of fragments important?
These human‐causedstresses on ocean ecosystems are the mostintense and widespread
I am not surprised that humans are the main cause of stress on the ocean ecosystem. We take advantage of the ocean and the resources that it gives us that we are not noticing all the damage we are doing. There used to be so many commericals about how bad it is that the oil is in the oceans and affecting all the life in it. I wonder what we can do to finally see the effect that we are having on the ocean ecosystem.
Manynatural ecosystems are being progressively razed,bulldozed, and felled by axes or chainsaws, untilonly small scraps of their original extent survive
Why have so many natural ecosystems gone too small scraps? Do people not care enough? They dont care what they are bulldozing or using axes and chainsaws, they are just doing what they want and not thinking about the damage that it can cause
In our increasingly technological society, peoplegive little thought to how dependent they are onthe proper functioning of ecosystems and thecrucial services for humanity thatflow fromthem.
I agree with this because i feel like people don't realize how important a proper function ecosystem is. If this happens it can cause an unbalance in the ecosystem, "Ecological imbalance is when a natural or human-caused disturbance disrupts the natural balance of an ecosystem." ( https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-an-ecological-imbalance-definition-lesson-quiz.)
This chapter defines biodiversity. Due tomassive loss of native habitats around theglobe
this caught my eye because it is sad to see that there has been major loss of native habits around the world, why dont people pay enough attention to this? Do people not care ? and if so why not? Everyone should at least have a little knowlegde of this so we can see less of a loss when it comes to native habitats around the world.
By theearly 1980s, the issue of rainforest destruction washighlighted through a surge of books, articles, andscientific reports (e.g. Myers 1979, 1980; NAS 1980;NRC 1982; see also Chapter 4).During these years, recognition of the needs ofthe world’s poor and the developing world wasprompting new approaches to integrating conser-vation and development.
I feel as if there was a focus on these types of issues before but in a sense that we have lost that in a sense. I wonder why we as a society have lost this passion.
Conservation biology has greatly expanded itsinternational reach (Meffe 2002; Meffe 2003). Thescientific roots of biodiversity conservation areobviously not limited to one nation or continent(see Box 1.2).
This caught my eye because it made me happy in a way to see that conservation has expanded throughout the world. That like they said it is not limited to one nation or continent, we can all make the world a better place, its not just up to one place.