relief from the reaming sun - walking to the gas station - envious of landlord's car - is the car a symbol for something bigger?
116 Matching Annotations
- Nov 2020
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nook.barnesandnoble.com nook.barnesandnoble.com
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"Perfecto wiped the crusty terminal posts of the car battery..." Author is emphasizing his knowledge and competency.
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"...the trees were whispering his secret to her." Perfecto's impending departure. His desire to depart from his family contrasts Petra's compassion for family.
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Perfecto dreams of keys and the moon and that Petra was pregnant - foreshadowing?
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"It was the memories that bound his spirit to his native soil." Reminds me of the article we read on Nauru and the deep connection to nature
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"...his veins like irrigation canals clogged with dying insects..." SIMILE - reminds me of environmental justice topic regarding quality of water
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"She, accustomed to the legs and arms of her brothers and sisters, pushed herself against him to fill any crevices between their bodies that would allow the chill to enter." She - Estrella - Alejo's love interest
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"...opened his eyes to see Petra rubbing a hen's egg on his bare stomach while she muttered prayers to herself."
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"...leaving him breathing in the smell of foul socks and loneliness." Alejo did not want to die alone.
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"For a moment, he felt as if the hand of God was going to reach right through the hole and pull him up to the heavens."
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"He's sick, Petra. Sicker than any yerba, any prayer could cure." This statement says a lot considering the culture.
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Alejo could no longer stand upright without feeling faint - daño of the fields
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www.unep.org www.unep.org
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“We know when there is a blip, we know when there is a glitch. We know when something is going down in terms of sustainability. So we need to be heard more clearly.”
Their knowledge is useful. They need to be acknowledged and heard!
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"Empowerment of these groups combined with their knowledge and long-term planning skills is essential to ensure the survival of future generations
Yes! I relate this back to how they are marginalized for wanting to ensure a secure future for following generations, which should be more important than an economic gain.
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The extra income more than offsets the restrictions on animal herding and increases the resilience of their land.
The extra income allows them to look after animals, which increases the resilience of their land?
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“No one should fear for their life because they call for the Earth’s resources to be used carefully and in a way that respects their communities,” Erik Solheim,
It's insane that these groups are marginalized for wanting to respect their land, which everyone should consider important.
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185 people across 16 countries were killed defending their land, forests and rivers against destructive industries in 2015 alone, many of them from indigenous communities.
This reminds me of the term "sacrifice zones" that we've been reading about.
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But it also makes them targets. Communities who stand up against powerful economic and political interests remain under intense pressure in many parts of the world.
It's interesting that they are well suited to limit climate change in their land but are still a target to economic and political interests that do not necessarily care about conserving the land.
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They defend their lands against illegal encroachments and destructive exploitation, from mega-dams across their rivers to logging and mining in their forests.
I was wondering what kinds of things they had to defend their lands against!
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This sustains knowledge and ways of life that match up well with modern notions of nature conservation and the sustainable use of natural resources.
Indigenous people have certain traditions and beliefs that can be compared to modern nature conservation.
The intimate relationship means regarding nature with deep respect, so how have they maintained this relationship when there are others that do not understand this relationship and want their land?
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5 per cent of the total population but they officially hold 18 per cent of the land and lay claim to far more. Their home areas across 70 countries from the Arctic to the South Pacific include many of the planet’s biodiversity hotspots.
That is an impressive statistic. I'm surprised that I wasn't aware of the Maoris.
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and highlights why these often marginalized groups are gaining recognition as vital stewards of our environment and its fast-depleting resources.
I wonder how these groups guard and product the "fast-depleting resources."
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kaitiakitanga’, which means guarding and protecting the environment in order to respect the ancestors and secure the future.
kairiakitanga definition - further explains the deep connection with nature
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learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet01-xythos.s3.amazonaws.com learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet01-xythos.s3.amazonaws.com
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"He explained that although this particular form of unease was one principally familiar to people who lived in SACRIFICE ZONES...it was fast becoming a universal human experience, with climate change creating a "new abnormal...""
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Solastalgia - solace, destruction, and pain - "...the homesickness you have when you are still at home."
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"...climate change and the drought, ocean acidification, and rising waters it brings. Sea levels around Nauru have been steadily climbing by about 5 millimeters per year since 1993..." I almost did my topic on ocean acidification but I had no luck in finding as much information as I wanted. Now I know of a country with the issue.
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"These schemes have since caught up with Nauru too...But these are not Nauru's only problems..." Seems like everything changed in an instant. I wonder what the exact timeline was like.
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"...with so much of the island a latticework of deep dark holes, growing enough fresh produce to feed the population was pretty much impossible. A bitterly ironic infertility for an island whose main export was agricultural fertilizer."
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"Politics was rife with corruption, drunk driving was a leading cause of death, average life expectancy was dismally low, and Nauru earned the dubious honor of being featured on a U.S. news show as "the fattest place on Earth." This contrasts the third paragraph. The way the information is set up is similar but instead of positives, negatives are being listed.
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The plan to wind down phosphate mining failed.
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"Nauru...was developed to disappear...controlled its fate as a disposable country." This quote reminds me of a movie where a couple had a second child in order to help their first child with her cancer battle by having the healthy child provide organs and such. The movie is not environment related but the concept is similar and compares when the text previously mentioned the plan for the country, which was "...mining phosphate until the island was an empty shell."
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"..."Preparations are being made now for the future of the Nauruan people." Australia has offered them a permanent home within her own shores..." Since the past quote said that Nauru started simultaneously committing suicide, I'm inferring that the permanent homes were no longer secured.
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"Nauru started developing at record speed--the catch was that it was, simultaneously, committing suicide."
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"...this island was periodically featured in press reports...everyone had free health care, housing, and education..." The tone shifts. In the first paragraph it mentions a "health kick." In this third paragraph, it's talking about the wealth incline; thus, as the reader, I'm starting to expect information of where Nauru started declining.
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"..we live in a finite world, and yet we behave as if it were infinite..." This quote is powerful because it emphasizes the selfishness of the world.
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"It's like a race against time--trying to get the knowledge from them before they die." What other knowledge or lost skills are they hoping not to lose?
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- Oct 2020
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learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet01-xythos.s3.amazonaws.com learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet01-xythos.s3.amazonaws.com
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insidious: stealthily treacherous or deceitful
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"This normalized quiet is of particular pertinence to the hush havoc and injurious invisibility that trail slow violence." pertinence: relevance
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"...are enraged by injustices they wish to see redressed, injustices they believe they can help expose, silences they can help dismantle..."
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"...visibility and credibility of environmental justice movements that have pushed against an antihuman environmentalism that too often sought (under the banner of universalism) to impose green agendas dominated by rich nations and Western NGOs."
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inimical: tending to obstruct or harm.
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"...for it is those people lacking resources who are the principal casualties of slow violence."
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"...how can we convert into image and narrative the disasters that are slow moving and long in the making, disasters that are anonymous and that star nobody, disasters that are attritional and of indifferent interest to the sensation-driven technologies of our image-world." Important to note and ponder. I know that I am guilty of not giving the same attention to the slow violence and of not taking the time to learn about the "anonymous and that star nobody."
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"...it can fuel long-term, proliferating conflicts in situations where the conditions for sustaining life become increasingly but gradually degraded." HIGHLIGHT
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pervasive: (especially of an unwelcome influence or physical effect) spreading widely throughout an area or a group of people. elusive: difficult to find, catch, or achieve.
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"We need to account for how the temporal dispersion of slow violence affects the way we perceive and respond to a variety of social afflictions..." Again, our judgments may be clouded, and we may not immediately consider these afflictions as serious.
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"Advocating invading countries with mass forms of slow-motion toxicity, however, requires rethinking our accepted assumptions of violence to include slow violence." Because it's not what we typically think when we think of violence, its prioritization may be delayed in the news and our perception and response may not be as emergent as it should be.
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"The long dyings--the staggered and staggeringly discounted casualties, both human and ecological..." We see the term discounted again. Emphasizes "slow violence."
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"...but rather incremental and accretive, its calamitous repercussions..." incremental: relating to or denoting an increase or addition, especially one of a series on a fixed scale. accretive: characterized by gradual growth or increase. calamitous: involving calamity; catastrophic or disastrous.
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"...politically, imaginatively, and theoretically--what I call "slow violence."" The author then goes on to explain what they mean by "slow violence."
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"...the African recipients of his plan were triply discounted: discounted as political agents, discounted as cultures possessing environmental practices and concerns of their own." I completely agree with this. We should not be okay with getting rid of our own problem by handing it over to a less developed country without considering how these recipients will be affected. The repetition of "discounted" emphasizes the moral implications.
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"...Africa as an out-of-sight continent, a place remote from green activists' terrain of concern." Dumping the issue on Africa does not fix the overall problem and is in no way fair or a "win-win scenario."
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"...he did so in the calm voice of global managerial reasoning." This does not sit right with me morally. Africa may not be as polluted as the United States, but that does not give us the right to throw more baggage on a less developed country.
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I am not completely aware of the context behind the confidential World Bank memo, but the "encouraging more migration of the dirty industries to the Least Developed Countries" really threw me off.
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The comparison of globalization to a light prepares the audience for Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor. Once you get used to not seeing an issue and what is at stake, the issue will not be addressed until it is too late.
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- Sep 2020
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Local file Local filesomeTitle28
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Is this the America we want? If we are to begin to create a more equi-table and sustainable culture in these United States, it is in communities such as these that we should begin the work and measure the outcome of our efforts.
Leaves the reader with a question/something to really ponder about!
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To learn about what life is like in these fenceline communities requires traveling off the beaten track and venturing beyond the cen-ters of affl uence and power. Sacrifi ce zones are not garden spots and few people travel to them as destinations of choice. As a result, many of them remain essentially hidden from the view of most Americans.
Sacrifice zones*!
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Yes, they invest tens of millions of dollars in pollution control equipment. But they do not build their plants in such a way that no neighbors are hurt by their emissions.
Reverts back to the counter argument.
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A description of sacrifi ce zones today would not be complete without acknowledging the complicated choices faced by the owners and manag-ers of heavy industry, many of whom, despite easy caricature and vilifi ca-tion, want to do a good job producing a product—be it oil, coal, plastics, cement, or a place to get rid of wastes—while at the same time protecting public health.
Tone seems to change.
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vilifi ca-tion
Definition: abusively disparaging speech or writing.
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patently
Definition: come together to form one mass or whole.
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Sacrifi ce zones are the result of many deeply rooted inequities in our soci-ety. One of these inequities takes the form of unwise (or biased) land use decisions dictated by local or state offi cials intent on attracting big indus-tries to their town, county, or state in an effort to create jobs and raise tax revenues.
Continues to explain "sacrifice zones" further!
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coalescing
Definition: come together to form one mass or whole.
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minority communities also took longer despite the fact that they were less intensive than those in white areas.
This makes me thing of "Beyond Katrina" because one of the stories was about a location that was blocked off and taped as if it was a crime scene and it was a common place where African Americans would congregate.
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Fur-thermore, people within these sacrifi ce zones are poorer than average Americans and are 20 percent more likely to be unemployed.
The author gives statistics multiple times (logos!).
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two academic researchers concluded that there exists a “clear and unequivocal class and racial bias in the distribution of environmental hazards.”
Appeals to logos!
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local offi cials were determined to bury thirty- two thousand cubic yards of soil contaminated with highly toxic polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in a community that was 82 percent African Americans
This is insane.
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six of Houston’s eight solid waste landfi lls were located in African American neighborhoods, despite the fact that African American residents in the city comprised only 28 percent of Houston’s population.
This appeals to logos!
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Residents in these sacrifi ce zones where the factories were concentrated knew that more affl uent whites did not have to endure the kind of heavy pollution that rained down on their side of town, but few of them could afford to pro-tect themselves by moving.
This reminds me of the video we watched about the Flint water crisis. The residents were becoming ill but a lot of them weren't completely aware about how bad it was until later. It became a part of their normal and had to find ways to live around the problem, because there wasn't much else to do.
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“sacrifi ce zones,” in the title of this book because it dramatizes the fact that low- income and minority populations, living adjacent to heavy industry and mili-tary bases, are required to make disproportionate health and economic sacrifi ces that more affl uent people can avoid.
The author explicitly explains why the term "sacrifice zones" is emphasized.
I also remember "affluent" being an unknown word for me previously and I knew the definition this time!
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“sacrifi ce zones,” “fenceline communities,” or “hot spot of pollution.”
The term reappears and an explanation follows!
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locution
Definition: a word or phrase, especially with regard to style or idiom.
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succinctly
Definition: in a brief and clearly expressed manner.
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they ignore a much larger host of low- income and minority Americans whose health is sacrifi ced as a result of chemical contamination.
Reverts back to the "lethal brand of racial and economic discrimination."
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“sacrifi ce zones” designation should be expanded to include a broader array of fenceline communities or hot spots of chemi-cal pollution where residents live immediately adjacent to heavily pol-luting industries or military bases.
An expansion of what the term "sacrifice zones" can include. This term continues to appear, so as readers, we can infer that it is an important term to note.
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to designate areas danger-ously contaminated as a result of the mining and processing of uranium into nuclear weapons
Origin/more explanation of "sacrifice zones."
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largely populated by Af-rican Americans, Latinos, Native Americans, and low- income whites
Who is being affected.
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low- income “sacrifi ce zones” where hundreds of thousands of residents are exposed to disproportionately elevated levels of hazardous chemicals.
Explains what these "sacrifice zones" mean for the residents involved.
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What follows are the stories of some of the leaders of this grassroots environmental justice movement that is gathering momentum across the nation.
Example after example validates the authors point that pollution is a problem that is being seen time and time again.
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But when the fumes become too intense, when they fi nd their family and friends falling ill from pollution- induced disease, they shed their quiet ways and organize a protest.
Appeals to pathos because it draws readers into thinking about friends and family, and potentially into thinking about our own reaction to the situation if it were our friends and family falling ill.
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After breathing in large volumes of polluted air or swallowing countless gallons of poisoned wa-ter
The words "large volumes," "countless gallons," and "poisoned" appeal to emotion by emphasizing how bad the conditions are and, thus, addressing the need for change.
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explaining why she organized her neighbors to protest the pollution.
The story shifts from regarding one individual to a whole group. It is made evident that the smell is not anything regarding a fire, but instead regarding pollution.
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“I just got mad. I couldn’t breathe in my own house. The fumes smelled like the gas stove was on but not lit. I’d run downstairs to check the stove to see if I had left a burner on. It smelled like lighter fl uid,”
The short sentences give the readers a sense of wary.
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www.theroot.com www.theroot.com
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work harder than ever to make sure the jobs and opportunities that are created open doors for the folks who are on the front lines: low-income Americans and people of color.
The phrase "on the front lines..." appeals to the readers' emotions and goes back to the past sentence "...we can advance the gains of the civil rights movement is by creating real economic opportunity...for folks who have historically been left out." The low-income Americans and people of color are the "folks."
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It's time to get real about tackling climate change.
The word "tackling" appeals to the readers' emotion.
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Today one of the best ways we can advance the gains of the civil rights movement is by creating real economic opportunity and dignified work for folks who have historically been left out.
Sums up the main argument! Offers an answer to "how?"
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This means that if your family couldn't afford to send you to college, you can still find work that pays well enough for you to create a better future for your own kids.
The author ensures that the readers are able to further understand the importance of something by connecting it to something that is relatable. The author discusses green jobs and why its one of the best ways to create pathways and then goes to say "this means..." while bringing up college!
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we can
Repetition of "we can" to emphasize the change that can occur if we do and demand.
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But turning the promise of the clean-energy economy into an economic engine requires actions from our leaders that we must demand.
The word "we" helps the sentence and message resonate with the readers.
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the clean-energy innovation that President Barack Obama
Shows support for a specific candidate!
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It's much more than an environmental issue; it's also a civil and human rights issue.
This sentence reminds me of the last article we read about how one cannot be an environmentalist and racist.
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"heat islands," which are created by an abundance of concrete and asphalt.
Definition!
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1 in 6, compared with 1 in 10 nationwide.
Important to note the information and the sources given!
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climate change should be at or near the top of our political agenda,
By using the word "our," the author is able to make the article feel more personal and may elicit more emotion from the readers as a whole.
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Finding a job, keeping the lights and heat on, and guarding the health and safety of your kids are your priorities — and what you want your political leaders to prioritize, too.
It can be inferred that the author is a person a color by the way she is speaking about these "priorities". She prepares her readers for her stance in the first paragraph and she is able to connect with her readers about what she and they care about.
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- Aug 2020
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We can’t just sink into despair and denial and then say to our kids and grandkids, ‘I’m sorry.’ To make a better world we need to care, think, and act”
really good quote to end on and have audience think about!
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Suzuki argues that an imaginary of hope must be driven by the primary commitment to in-tergenerational justice: the eco-politics of caring about the futures of all children, all their children’s children, and all the great thriving diversity of earthly life.
an argument and definition!
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Environmental justice advocates remain true to the original purpose of making visible the disproportionate effects on poor and low-income communities and com-munities of color of the negative externalities of mod-ern extractive fossil fuel–based economies—now most terrifyingly represented by extreme climate change.
a main idea!
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environmental justice activists argue that people’s solutions tackle the real risks facing many com-munities to the everyday needs of social reproduction wrought by climate change; they instead organize for genuine “hometown security” rooted in living systems: renewable energy, sustainable agriculture/permacul-ture, and community economies
an argument!
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they connect high rates of asthma and type 2diabetes in African American and Latino children who are living in contaminated inner-city New York neigh-borhoods breathing high levels of diesel particulate matter and whose families have limited access to decent grocery stores, with the plight of small-scale farmers in India, Brazil, and Indonesia unable to compete with unfair global trade practices and artificially suppressed agricultural commodity prices, with the extremes in weather from global warming resulting in record-breaking heat, flooding, and sea level rise in South Pa-cific islands, submerging peoples’ homes and creating millions of “climate refugees,” and with the extractive industries destroying people’s health and livelihoods through oil drilling in the Niger Delta, mountaintop-removal coal mining in West Virginia, tar sands min-ing in the Beaver Lake Cree territory in Alberta, Canada, and hydro-fracking in rural Pennsylvania
places emphasis on how the global ecological decline is being measured/observed
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climate justice
term used to frame global warming as an ethical and political issue, rather than one that is purely environmental or physical in nature
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Activists argue that the effects of climate change are borne most severely by impoverished and marginalized communities across the globe
one argument!
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environmental justice leaders’ expla-nations use idioms of “people’s science” to make direct connections to people’s lives and to document and make visible the localized effects of this planetary-scale environmental issue
important to be able to relate it to the public!
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for example
examples are always good to note!
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intersec-tional approach to environmental coalition building,
this type of approach demands that we look for real solutions that take into account all aspects of one's experiences of oppression as well as the systems that produce and perpetuate that oppression in order to understand how those forces intersect and create pernicious, deep-rooted barriers to justice
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coalesce
definition: come together to form one mass or whole
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and it has been described and celebrated by many as a pivotal moment in the evolution of an in-tersectional eco-politics advancing environmental and social justice activism in the United States and beyond U.S. borders
I did not know about this but it is another example by the author to reinforce that environmentalism has evolved.
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civil rights, public health, school and workplace hazards, land and resource rights, race, gender, and class politics, poverty and unemployment, abandoned lots and brownfields, incarceration rates, cultural rights, infrastructure disinvestment and deteriorating cities, residential segregation, and access to green spaces, safe neighborhoods, and affordable, healthy foods
I never really thought about all of the more "social issues," so it is very interesting to see the environmental justice perspective and what those concerns mean.
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stemming from nineteenth- and twentieth-century aspirations to protect an external, nonhuman, and endangered “nature” from “human-ity’s” excesses, environmental justice (EJ) advocates fo-cus on the everyday, embodied realities of people living in polluted “sacrifice zones.”
more about how environmentalism has evolved
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rooted in translocal “grassroots realities”
translocal meaning conditions or events at one place have an immediate impact on other connected places - meaning that the "global vision" starts at every community's basic principles and moves towards other communities?
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redefined the core meanings of the “environment” and the interrelationships between humans and nature, thereby challenging and transforming environmentalism more broadly.
more information about how environmentalism has evolved - advocates and scholars have transformed the meaning of environmental justice
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neocolonial l
definition: relating to or characterized by the use of economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to control or influence other countries.
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now used by many to describe a global network of social movements fiercely critical of the disparities and depredations
what it means now/definition
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The term “environmental justice” emerged from the activism of communities of color in the United States
background information/origin of "environmental justice"
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adjourn
definition: put off or postpone
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confluence
definition: an act or process of merging
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