iteracy is criticalfor enabling non-elite members of society to produce their own counter-hegemonic data visualizations.

These scholars argue that the production anddissemination of maps attentive to gender issues and needs are importantto challenge patriarchal ideology

watchdogging’where critical issues are brought into public attention by means of datavisualizations.

contribute to the formation of public opinion about contestedmatters, to which decision- and policymakers ideally should be attentive.

visualizations of carbonemissions data frequently are employed in public discussions about transportpolicy.

effects the circulations of data visualizations have onsociety

‘politics’ may beunderstood in narrow terms, as the workings of political parties, processes,and institutions. Politics may also be understood in a wider sense, as thestruggle for power more broadly, as this struggle takes place both in theprivate as well as the cultural sphere, and by symbolic as well as materialmeans.

strong and direct link to politics

used instrumentally to guidepolicy or decision-making

affective data visualizationfor mobilizing people to become political activists

Civic engagement hinges on sympathies,antipathies, identifications, passions, and so on

enable citizens to take partin political will and opinion formation as well as to form informed partypreferences

ritical citizen-ship, it may also work as a tool for misinformation and manipulation, andconsequently contribute to the erosion of informed and critical citizenship

enable people to function as citizens.

public sphere can be seen as a ‘battlefield’ for conflicting or competingideologie

The rest of the total expenditure curve TE(.= [qq then simplylies exactly $ 1 OOr above the Q=ioo curve, and it includes real economic costs as well as (sunk)expenditures.

01118 1111118 lnto the (total) cost curve, wh ch tellsUS deCs±ZnVhen bVf AUtPUt iS aSSUming 1 alWayS hire the number

ompensated budget. A compensated budget for a price change is the budget that incorporates thenew pt ice but includes sufficient monetary compensation to make the consumer as well offas shewas before the price change

Corner

heuristic

attention plays a crucial role in which policy designsand issues make it to the macro-political agenda

Focusing on attention instead of belief or preference change as a primary driverof policy decisions has important consequences for explanations of policy processdynamics

theoretical development, arguing narratives are strategi-cally deployed by competing groups to affect policy dynamics

demonstrate empir-ically cognitive processes which help explain how humans rely on and may be influ-enced by narratives and heuristic (cognitive short-cut) images

mostimportant to consider at the macro level,

AC

American politicalinstitutions exacerbate this tendency toward punctuated equilibria,