- Nov 2018
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generousthinking.hcommons.org generousthinking.hcommons.org
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Similarly education: over the last four decades, our culture has moved away from the understanding that educating children and young adults provides a benefit to society as a whole, and thus that providing everyone with access to a high-quality education is a social responsibility and that no one should be excluded from that benefit. Instead, over that period, the pervasive assumption that parents are responsible for providing the best possible education for their own children has taken root, with the result that education has come to be seen as a private good, one best financed privately. Asking me to pay for your children’s education is thought to be an undue imposition on my personal well-being.
I would argue that the concept that education provides a benefit to society as a whole has been retained in Canada more effectively than in the US.
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generousthinking.hcommons.org generousthinking.hcommons.org
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all that work, years of work, were encapsulated in a Word document that existed on my hard disk, in several backups, and nowhere else, and there seemed the very real possibility that no one might ever read it.
I empathize with the author, and have felt that way when I have completed work for various degrees. I think that our course has shown us that there are many ways "to make knowledge public". Sometimes the academic work needs to to be translated into a different form, if it is to be read and seen by a broader audience, as we have been doing. (blogs, video, podcasts etc.)
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unescochair-cbrsr.org unescochair-cbrsr.org
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At the height of the Al-Andalus Empire in Europe, the city of Cordoba had a library of 500,000 books. This was at a time when other intellectual centres in Europe would have had libraries of between 5,000 and 10,000 books.
This was during period of about 800 years (711-1492) when Muslims controlled the Iberian peninsula. It has been argued that during this time Muslims, Jews and Christians (led by the Muslims) created a culture of tolerance in Medieval Spain. (Menocal, "Ornament of the World")
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We are actively exploring ways to position our repositories, libraries, and research institutions as the foundation for a distributed, globally networked infrastructure for scholarly communication. This work involves developing new functionalities for repositories on top of which layers of value-added services, such as peer-review, can be deployed. An international network of next generation repositories, collectively managed by the scholarly community, has the power to transform our system for communicating research—making it more research-centric and open to and supportive of innovation.
It sometimes take a crisis to stimulate change. Exploring new ways to take control of scholarly work, as described here, it a positive response to the crisis.
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an important point emerged: participants acknowledged that a big component of their unease with this trend does not stem solely from the fact that the main players are commercial companies, but rather that too often they are commercial companies whose values are radically misaligned with the values of our community.
This is a critical factor and cause for alarm.
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cameronneylon.net cameronneylon.net
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our view is that the underlying data that is generated by the actions of the research community should be a community resource – supporting informed decision making for the community as well as providing as base for private enterprise to provide value added services.
We have discussed this idea during the course, and it is a useful point of view, when working to ensure that data supporting research is available. It is interesting, though, that the academic community has left so much of the control of scholarly thought with the for-profit sector.
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www.scholcommlab.ca www.scholcommlab.ca
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that task was left to private enterprise.
Why?
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journals.plos.org journals.plos.org
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In 2012, the “Cost of Knowledge” (http://thecostofknowledge.com/) campaign started by Cambridge mathematician and Fields Medalist Timothy Gowers asked researchers to protest against Elsevier’s business model through a boycott against its journals by ceasing to submit to, edit and referee them. Started by a blogpost, the boycott was later termed the beginning of an “Academic Spring” [42,43].
It is encouraging that there is some pushback to the 'exploitative behaviour" of the for-profit publishers.
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“University presses and disciplinary associations were founded to disseminate research in the original cycle of scholarly communication. The faculty produced the work to be published; non-profit publishers organized the distribution of knowledge; the university library bought the published work at an artificially high price, as a subsidy for learned societies; and the faculty used this literature as the foundation for further research and teaching. […
The authors could see the changes that were coming as a result of the newly developing digital era, when they wrote this is 1998.
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The PDF became the established format of electronic journal articles, mimicking the print format [
I don't find this surprising, as scholars--especially older ones-- were comfortable with the print format, as that is what they had always used.
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eprints.rclis.org eprints.rclis.org
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WoS.
Web of Science (previously known as Web of Knowledge) is an online subscription-based scientific citation indexing service originally produced by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), later maintained by Clarivate Analytics (previously the Intellectual Property and Science business of Thomson Reuters[1]), that provides a comprehensive citation search. It gives access to multiple databases that reference cross-disciplinary research, which allows for in-depth exploration of specialized sub-fields within an academic or scientific discipline.[2]
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the majority of the selected titles emerge from OECD countries. Collectively, through their editorial policies, they decide what questions are important, and thus create a kind of collective, flexible, largely unplanned, yet narrowly controlled, form of science policy for the world. It is this collective device that, incidentally, largely accounts for curious knowledge gaps such as neglected diseases
This is an interesting idea, worth considering. We have spoken about different ways of making knowledge public in this course. If we agree that a specific number of journals in the world tend to control science policy through their selection processes, what ideas do we have that could be implemented to encourage other research that can fill the"knowledge gaps" mentioned here?
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it may even decrease because most people, quickly left out of the competitive process, would lose all incentiveto exercise.
It could decrease if the only motivator for people to exercise is competition, and that seems unlikely to me.
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Laboratory directors loved the new, quantitative, indicators: they looked objective and thus could help spell judgments without appeal. T
As we have discussed, quantitative indicators are not necessarily objective.
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he Science Citation Index (SCI)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Science Citation Index (SCI) is a citation index originally produced by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) and created by Eugene Garfield. It was officially launched in 1964. It is now owned by Clarivate Analytics (previously the Intellectual Property and Science business of Thomson Reuters).[1][2][3][4] The larger version (Science Citation Index Expanded) covers more than 8,500 notable and significant journals, across 150 disciplines, from 1900 to the present. These are alternatively described as the world's leading journals of science and technology, because of a rigorous selection process.[5][6][7]
The index is made available online through different platforms, such as the Web of Science[8][9] and SciSearch.[10] (There are also CD and printed editions, covering a smaller number of journals). This database allows a researcher to identify which later articles have cited any particular earlier article, or have cited the articles of any particular author, or have been cited most frequently. Thomson Reuters also markets several subsets of this database, termed "Specialty Citation Indexes",[11] such as the Neuroscience Citation Index[12] and the Chemistry Citation Index.[13]
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- Oct 2018
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peerj.com peerj.com
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the most common mechanism for OA is not Gold, Green, or Hybrid OA,
Green, hybrid or gold Open Access Open Access is a form of scientific publishing in which information is made available to readers free of charge. There are two options:
Green Open Access – required at TU/e
The green way to Open Access publishing is to publish an article in a traditional subscription journal (not Open Access). After publication a version of the article is also placed in an Open Access institutional repository (open publication database).
This is called ‘self-archiving’ because publications are registered by authors themselves.
Authors from TU/e are requested to register all academic publications and to upload the final authors’ versions. You do not need to prepare your own publication for open access. The IEC will make your publication available through Green Open Access, if allowed by the publisher.
Supplying your publication to the TU/e Repository for open access
Gold Open Access
There are now two ways of gold open access publishing:
(Full) gold open access In a gold open access journal all publications are freely accessible to readers immediately and without restrictions. In this open access model there are no subscriptions fees and publishers gain their income by charging authors (or their institutions) when articles are accepted. These charges are known as ‘article processing charges’ (APCs). This variant of open access is generally referred to as full gold open access or pure gold open access (to distinguish it from hybrid gold open access).
Hybrid (gold) open access In this variant of gold open access authors publish in traditional subscription journals, but may offer gold open access to their articles by paying APCs. Open access is then offered to all readers immediately as articles appear on-line. Usually only part of articles in hybrid gold open access journals are actually made available in this way. Articles which are published in such journals but which are not available via gold open access cannot be viewed by readers who do not subscribe to those journals.
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stacks.stanford.edu stacks.stanford.edu
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This study demonstrates that in Latin America, the typical re-searcher (a professor with a PhD) is almost nowhere to be seen among the readers ofresearch, making up only 5–6% of the all users.
It would be interesting to see if this is similar in other countries and regions.
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n the United States, the focus on the public has been even more explicit, as legislationhave been in support of public access, not open access laws.9As was mentioned above, allfunding agencies have been asked to explore public access policies by the Obama adminis-tration in 2013, and many have already put forth proposals that are largely modeled afterthe pioneering National Institute of Health Public Access law that was passed in 2008
I wonder how much of this focus has been lost with the current administration. After our session with Shannon Dosemagen, Director, PublicLab, I asked her if the Trump administration had made a difference to them.
She told me that they were having difficulties working with Federal Agencies, and were focusing their work in local communities. She also mentioned that the work with local communities was more important than ever.
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t has only been in the last year that RedALyC andSciELO have begun to make download data available to the public, and this is the firststudy to take advantage of this
As Juan mentioned to us in class, this is a very new field of study,
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SciELO r
SciELO is a bibliographic database, digital library, and cooperative electronic publishing model of open access journals. Wikipedia Date launched: 1997 Format coverage: Academic journal articles No. of records: 573,525
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Health topics were also dominantamong the “personal interest” users of both portals, showing the use of health researchgoes beyond the professional sphere and reaches the general public.
It would be interesting to know the demographic of those accessing the health information. Many people of my generation (older boomers) would not know how to access these studies without assistance.
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According to the pop-up and demographic survey responses, somewhere between 16–25% of use comes fromthose not affiliated with universities
This is a significant conclusion. As Juan mentions, it would be interesting to compare these findings with other regions. My experience as a Ph.D. student in the 1990s led me to believe that journal articles were written primarily for other academics, It is interesting to know that the articles have a wider reach in Latin America, and possibly other areas.
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thewinnower.com thewinnower.com
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And Scott pointed out that some of the Iranian mirrors were not even included.
Does anyone know what the "Iranian mirrors" are?
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paywalls
A paywall is a method of restricting access to content via a paid subscription.[1][2] Beginning in the mid-2010s, newspapers started implementing paywalls on their websites as a way to increase revenue after years of decline in paid print readership and advertising revenue.[3] In academics, research papers are often subject to a paywall and are available via academic libraries that subscribe.[4][5]
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www.epa.gov www.epa.gov
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Examples of licensing options include Creative Commons (creativecommons.org),11
The "creative commons" is a valuable source of information:
"1.1 billion works and counting. Explore these featured Creative Commons Licensed resources below — from literary works, to videos, photos, audio, open education, scientific research and more! Or you can share your work, and help light up the global commons!"
Take a look at the website--It's worth it!
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Citizen Science at EPA: Past and Presen
I would be interested in knowing how the Trump administration is now influencing the policies the EPA has outlined here. For example: http://www.post-gazette.com/business/powersource/2018/10/24/Andrew-Wheeler-oil-and-gas-industry-EPA-Marcellus-Shale-Coalition/stories/201810240110
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Citizen science goes beyond data collection by including and valuing other ways of knowing, such as traditional ecological knowledge, lay and local knowledge, and stories.
I am happy to see that this point has been made. In BC, we can learn a great deal by valuing other ways of knowing, such as the knowledge of indigenous people and communities.
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Citizen science is an approach to environmental information that actively and genuinely encourages and solicits public input in the scientific process and incorporates data and information generated outside of traditional institutional boundaries.
Here is another Canadian example: https://www.birdscanada.org/volunteer.jsp
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Citizen science is here and thriving; EPA should recognize the opportunity and build a proactive, collaborative agenda to engage the public in environmental science. Citizen science has created a global paradigm shift in environmental protection and public health, and it is imperative that EPA create a strategic vision for supporting and leveraging this movement.
Citizen Science (a new term to me, with this week's readings) is doing well in Canada, too. Here is one group, established in 2001. http://www.citizenscientists.ca/Citizen_Scientists.html
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www.researchgate.net www.researchgate.net
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Extensive interviews and surveys with citizen science practitioners have identified the following constructs as achievable and measurable citizen science project outcomes: Interest in science and nature; Self-efficacy for science and environmental action; Motivation for science and environmental action; Skills of science inquiry; Data interpretation skills; Knowledge of the nature of science; Environmental stewardship.
My proposed project for this course is to look at an organization that I believe contributes to the community with a "Community Science" model. (They wouldn't define it that way, right now).
Describing these potential citizen science project outcomes to them may help them see the work they are doing--and could potentially do--from a different point of view.
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Often called “Community Science” and aligned with the “Co-created” project type in the Bonney et al. (2009) typology, projects in this category usually involve data collection but typically seek to affect policy or local decision-making for public health or conservation
"Community Science" can be a powerful tool for change at the local level, and can impact municipal and regional decision making.
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Does citizen science engage underserved audiences (not just those already interested in science) in experiences that are meaningful to their lives? Does its practice move us from a one-way deficit model of public understanding to a multi-way dialogue of public engagement (Stilgoe et al., 2014)? Can citizen science play a central role in current notions of PUS as deliberative, participatory, and important for fostering science-in-society relationships? Is the explosion of citizen science around the world truly democratizing science in ways that Irwin envisioned in 1995?
These questions provide a helpful framework for examining examples of citizen science.
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We also find some evidence that citizen science can contribute positively to social well-being by influencing the questions that are being addressed and by giving people a voice in local environmental decision making.
Citizen science work is not always received well by other groups with other agendas. For example, people examining the potential environmental impacts of new development (eg subdivisions) on plant and animal life in a region often find themselves in conflict with those wishing to build in that region.
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and Mendeley read
Readers on mendeley A different number of citations can be expected for publications appearing in different subject categories and publication years. For this reason, the citation-based normalized indicator Mean Normalized Citation Score (MNCS) is used in bibliometrics. Mendeley is one of the most important sources of altmetrics data.
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bibliometrics
Bibliometrics is statistical analysis of written publications, such as books or articles. Bibliometric methods are frequently used in the field of library and information science, including scientometrics.
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www.scholcommlab.ca www.scholcommlab.ca
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For these reasons the story of the origin of the Wolf Crest isunsettling. It is unsettling because of the violence. It is also challengingbecause there is no straightforward solution to that violence.
The stories of violence towards indigenous women in 2018 are unsettling, and there is no straightforward solution that we can see. Using the old stories as a basis for discussion is an interesting way to look for alternatives.
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Theirwork includes support for Indigenous self-determination that recognizesand affirms women's rights. 105 This knowledge and experience, and inparticular their poignant calls for structural change, must be heeded.o
I have had the privilege of knowing some powerful indigenous women, and have observed the changes in their communities that they have initiated and supported.
The work of these and other indigenous women can lead to better lives for people in those communities, and should be encouraged and supported.
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ndigenous women are beaten, sexually assaulted, and killed inshockingly high numbers.1 5 They experience violence at rates three timeshigher than the general population of women.6
This and other work which can lead to positive changes in the way indigenous women are treated and how they value themselves is critical, and has to be a priority for social change in Canadian society.
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We are writing this paper because there is a danger in viewing the"Indigenous" past as being non-violent and non-sexist.
In order to develop new ways to change the culture of violence, it is important to consider the realities of the past for guidance to the future.
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Culture is a conceptthat is always deployed in the real world, where the forces of power,privilege, and hierarchy mingle and compete. In these circumstancesculture can be "hijacked" by those in authority to create or replicate amale-dominated status quo. In other words, culture can foster conditionsthat reproduce individual and institutional violence against women
I believe that we are seeing this happening in the U.S., with the recent appointment of Kavanaugh to the Supreme Court. Many American women are concerned, with significant justification, that the "conservative" Supreme Court will reverse many of the rights women have gained over the past 40 or so years.
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files.eric.ed.gov files.eric.ed.gov
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Building coalitions, mobilizing multidisciplinary and multi-sector talent, and empowering “home-grown” voices, provides a platform for attacking the key levers to prosperity: educational attainment, sustainable environments, and economic opportunity,
These tools are not new, but using them can bring new voices and ideas to help find different ways to look at issues and to solve problems.
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it is projected that 69% of the world’s 9.1 billion people will be urban dwellers.
This is projected for 2050. When I was growing up in the 1960's, there were 3 billion people on the planet. By 2011 there were 7 billion. Concerns about the "carrying capacity" of the earth have been discussed for decades. Where are the limits?
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www.scholcommlab.ca www.scholcommlab.ca
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In the meantime, our work leads us to confirm that faculty are more often rewarded for publishing traditional research outputs and demonstrating that those outputs are cited by other scholars than for truly promoting public scholarshi
After many years in academia, this is not surprising to me, but the fact that Juan and his colleagues are challenging the status quo with this work, and pushing for new methods of evaluation to encourage new approaches to public scholarship is encouraging.
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uch a change would help incorporate other forms of scholarship (e.g., software and data) and publicly oriented outputs (e.g., blog posts, policy briefs, podcasts), while, at the same time, promoting open access to all faculty work.
The idea of incorporating other forms of scholarship, which are acceptable contributions to the tenure process, will encourage faculty to be more creative in the ways they communicate with people outside academia. The world has changed, and it's time the academic world caught up with new technologies and methods of communication to make knowledge more accessible.
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We conclude that institutions that want to live up totheir public mission need to work towards systemic change in how faculty work is assessed and incentivized
In the early 1990's I was a Ph.D, student in Community and Regional Planning at UBC. Although faculty and students worked extensively with community members on research projects, most of the faculty with whom I worked were already tenured professors.
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- Sep 2018
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www.scholcommlab.ca www.scholcommlab.ca
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oreover, many policies seem to fall short of, ordirectly contradict what the available ‘evidence’ suggests is required.
The federal government's insistence on "twinning" a pipeline to Burnaby, for example?
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drive.google.com drive.google.com
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What skeptical thinking boils down to is the means to construct, and to understand, a reasoned argument and—especially important—to recognize a fallacious or fraudulent argument. The question is not whether we like the conclusion that emerges out of a train of reasoning, but whether the conclusion follows from the premise or starting point and whether that premise is true.
Juan mentioned that every course syllabus includes a course objective of developing critical thinking skills. Could Sagan's "tools for skeptical thinking"be useful for us in this course?
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My parents died years ago. I was very close to them. I still miss them terribly
I find that I understand articles better if I have some idea about the author. Sagan says his parents introduced him to skepticism and wonder simultaneously, and that this taught him "the two uneasily cohabiting modules of thought that are central to the scientific method".
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The Fine Art of Baloney DetectionCarl Sagan
Carl Edward Sagan (/ˈseɪɡən/; November 9, 1934 – December 20, 1996) was an American astronomer, cosmologist, astrophysicist, astrobiologist, author, science popularizer, and science communicator in astronomy and other natural sciences.(Wikipedia).
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