I host a website about ethics review

Overall, approximately 70 percent of survey respondents consider their area of responsibility tobe safe from incidents of workplace violence. However, only 6 percent believe that their area ofresponsibility is very safe. Approximately 50 percent believe their area of responsibility isrelatively safe

Employees at every level of retail were well-represented

400

Research

https://github.com/hadley/mastering-shiny/raw/master/neiss/

Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2083827

erasure

far-right extremism refers to groups and/or individuals that support violence and/or criminal activity explicitly, or implicitly, to further aspects of one or more of the ideals found in this list: fiercely nationalistic, anti-global, xenophobic, and anti-immigration (as opposed to universal and international in orientation); suspicious of centralized federal and state authority; reverent of individual liberty (especially their right to own guns, be free of taxes); believe in conspiracy theories that involve a grave threat to national sovereignty and/or personal liberty; belief that one’s personal and/or national “way of life” is under attack and is either already lost or that the threat is imminent (sometimes such beliefs are amorphous and vague, but for some the threat is from a specific ethnic, racial, social, or religious group); belief in the need to be prepared for an attack either by participating in or supporting the need for paramilitary preparations and training and/or survivalism; support of and/or inclusion in misogynistic subcultures; and opposition of women’s reproductive health choices specifically related to abortion

a synthetic control analysis

Poisson regression analysis

As the crime rate in Camden dropped, it might be that officers engaged in less force because they were working in an environment that became safer over time. Month fixed effects accounts for this possibility, as well as other external factors.

, account for unobserved heterogeneity that is constant over time, but which varies by officer

training status

ategorized accordingly, from least serious to most

“[c]itizens’ perceptions of police stops may be considered just as important as the objective reality of such stops.”

Another problem posed by Internet service providers like AOL is that its servers “cache” (save a copy of) frequently requested pages, which means their readers don’t show up in the logs at all

ungainly URLs

http://www.bl.uk/collections/treasures/magna.html

Linus

Windows PC with Internet Explorer

H-Net

Gallica

archival websites are not archives at all

five main genres

Internet search engines,” writes Gertrude Himmelfarb, “will produce a comic strip or advertising slogan as readily as a quotation from the Bible or Shakespeare.”

These percentages add up to more than one hundred percent because the categorizations are fluid and many people fall into several categories at onc

primitive accumulation

ich takes away from the labourer the possession of his means of production

Centralisation of the means of production and socialisation of labour at last reach a point where they become incompatible with their capitalist integument.

Private property,

cost-effective compared with traditional face-to-face gatherings

gave advice on the card as to how to avoid causing future damage to cultural heritage.

quangos

ICOMOS: The International Council on Monuments and Sites

Salient to the role of public history to political agendas are the recent demonstrations over monuments of historical figures associated with supporting racist movements, for example, Robert E Lee’s statue in Charlottesville (the United States)

During the 1990s, historic sites were used as tools to build capacity, to support social diversity, to encourage tourism and as educational tools.

Discuss whether it is important to produce historically accurate television programme.

This programme relied heavily on first-hand account of history, intermixed with archival research. As a result, this show was a mix between historical fact and fiction

unrecorded

Blackadder

Animal, Mineral and Vegetable

it has been judged as producing mindless consumers of a false past for the sole purpose of entertainment and economic gain.5

official and unofficial history as public history has become about accessibility and usage rather than storage and protection

This has recently changed to include social history and unofficial historical documents

This both deliberately and subconsciously hides the multiple publics that exist within the city’s districts, many of whom feel disenfranchised from the city’s history and regard history as irrelevant to their pasts such as the African American population.

Public history’s lack of a specific or precise definition has enabled it to develop organically and to use a variety of methods.

This is increasingly done without historians’ formal input, for example, genealogy and the creation of family trees and digital media projects created by local history societies

Public historians are individuals, usually trained historians, who work in either a professional or academic capacity and who engage in the practice of communicating the past to the public.

subjection

Maps, buildings, and policy declared the city center Spanish, but the very stones that constructed it proclaimed the indigenous past.

Any attack on encomienda was perceived, rightly, as an attack on the power of the conqueror class

vassalage relations rather than imperial subjection

on the other hand

traza

palimpsest

syncretic

However accurately we may determine the “facts” of history, the facts themselves and our interpretations of them, and our interpretation of our own interpretations, will be seen in a different perspective or a less vivid light as mankind moves into the unknown future.

Left to themselves, the facts do not speak; left to themselves they do not exist, not really, since for all practical purposes there is no fact until some one affirms it.

Even the most disinterested historian has at least one preconception, which is the fixed idea that he has none

interpretation” to the rigorous examination of the factual event, just as it occurred

a process whereby victims, offenders, and communities are collectively involved in resolving how to deal with the aftermath of an offence and its implications for the future’

a problem-solving approach to crime which involves the parties themselves and the community generally, in an active relationship with statutory agencies’.

socialist

One might dismiss such proclamations as part of a fringe movement,

In the subsequent vacuum of physical power, wealthy neighborhoods would deploy private police forces and poor neighborhoods would organize around criminal gang

deepening structural inequalities and harming the very people that the police abolitionists say they want to help

If anything like police abolition ever occurred, it’s easy to predict what would happen next

No matter how many “restorative” programs it administers, even a benevolent centralized state cannot extinguish the risks of illness, violence, and disorde

but this strain of thought dates to the 18th-century philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who believed that

problem of evil

It’s unclear what legal authority the U.S. relied on to carry out the attack

he study of places as a means to explain the variation of crime within com-munities has developed from an interest in improving crime control policies

If we can prevent crime at these hot spots, then we might be able toreduce total crime.

Instead there is a perfect gradation from extremely attractive to extremely unattractive, with an unfavorable balance of the old and ugly.

This last form of control refers almost exclusively to incest taboos, which reinforce the first-named (posi- tive) control by banishing the disruptive forces of sexual competition from the family group.

The institutional control of sex follows three correlative line

The sexual in- stitutions are distinguished by the fact that though they all provide grati- fication, they do not all tie it to the same social functions.'

The basic ele- ment in what we actually call prostitution-the employment of sex for non-sexual ends within a competitive-authoritative system-characterizes not simply prostitution itself but all of our institutions in which sex is in- volved, notably courtship and wedlock.

the basic principle in prostitution-

revealed positive and statistically significant relationships between the household activity ratio and each official crime rate change

he household activity ratio should vary di- rectly with official index crime rates. Our empirical goal in this section is to test this relationship, with controls for those variables which other researchers have linked empirically to crime rate trends in the United States.

We define these as any recurrent and prevalent activities which provide for basic population and indi- vidual needs, whatever their biological or cultural origins

(1) motivated offenders, (2) suita- ble targets, and (3) the absence of capable guardians against a violation

We believe the structure of such activities influences criminal oppor- tunity and therefore affects trends in a class of crimes we refer to as direct- contact predatory violations.

Given this fact, researchers could focus on the following core hypotheses derived from the theory

it is important to note that the general strain theory is not presented here as a fully developed alternative to earlier theories

FACTORS AFFECTING THE DISPOSITION TO DELINQUEN

CONSTRAINTS TO NONDELINQUENT AND DELINQUENT COPING

If strain theory is to have any value, it must be able to explain the selection of delinquent versus nondelinquent adaptations

EMOTIONAL COPING STRATEGI

BEHAVIORAL COPING STRATEGIE

COGNITIVE COPING STRATEGI

So, for example, the insults of a teacher may be experienced as adverse because they (1) interfere with the adolescent’s aspirations for academic success, (2) result in the violation of a distributive justice rule such as equity, and (3) are conditioned negative stimuli and so are experienced as noxious in and of themselves.

against those responsible for the loss, or manage the negative affect caused by the loss by taking illicit drugs. While there are no data bearing directly on this type of strain, experimen

Strain theory in criminology has focused on the first type of strain, arguing that it is most responsible for the delinquency in our societ

This alternative conception of strain has been largely neglected in criminol- og

Among other things, it has been charged that these theories (1) are unable to explain the extensive nature of middle-class delinquency, (2) neglect goals other than monetary success/middle-class sta- tus, (3) neglect barriers to goal achievement other than social class, and (4) do not fully specify why only some strained individuals turn to delinquency.

The classic strain theories of Merton, A. Cohen, and Cloward and Ohlin argue that the cultural system encourages everyone to pursue the ideal goals of monetary success and/or middle-class status.

strain theory argues that adolescents are pressured into delinquency by the negative afective states-most notably anger and related emotions- that often result from negative relationships

We analyzed data describing the behavior of 3,492 participants in a development program designed to help managers become better coaches. As part of this program, their coaching skills were assessed by others in 360-degree assessments

because the system isn’t designed to allow kids this kind of feedback

Reacting to the Past