Researchers may end up inadvertently exploring dead ends that their fellow scientists have already run up against, solely because the information about previous failures has never been given space in the pages of the relevant scientific publications.

The first term of the objective again involves Hessian, but it is in the form of Hessian-vector products, which can be computed within O(1) backpropagations.

has

(Image source: Rombach & Blattmann, et al. 2022)

the latent variable has high dimensionality (same as the original data).

This is the same gradient you would use for DeepDream-style manipulation of images.

Note that the maximum bin magnitude after performing the FFT is related to the length of the input signal. For a four sample sine wave, the maximum is 2, and for an eight sample sine wave the maximum is 4.

If we take two sine waves with the same frequency and sum them together, the result will always be a sine wave with the exact same frequency. This is a somewhat curious result, and it holds true even if the two sinusoids have completely different phases and amplitudes. No other periodic signal possesses this property.

it can be shown that any two sine waves whose frequencies are multiples of one another are also orthogonal, regardless of their phases.

The idea of adding things to the toolkit or building your own tools is so foreign to most people that the idea induces some strange mixture of mental pain, anxiety, and confusion.

phi

2 − n ( H ( X ) + ε ) ⩽ p ( x 1 , x 2 , … , x n ) ⩽ 2 − n ( H ( X ) − ε ) {\displaystyle 2^{-n(H(X)+\varepsilon )}\leqslant p(x_{1},x_{2},\dots ,x_{n})\leqslant 2^{-n(H(X)-\varepsilon )}}

The only use case is gambling on the random price oscillations, attempting to buy low and sell high and cash out positions for wins in a real currency like dollars or euros. Yet crypto cannot create or destroy real money because unlike a stock there is no underlying company that generates income. So if you sell your crypto and make a profit in dollars, it’s exactly because a greater fool bought it at a higher price than you did. So every dollar that comes out of a cryptocurrency is because a later investor put a dollar in. They are inherently zero-sum by design, and when you take into account the casino (i.e. exchanges and miners) taking a rake on the game then the entire structure becomes strictly negative-sum. For every winner there are guaranteed to be multiple losers. It’s a game rigged by insiders by hacking human psychology.

History tends to rhyme with itself

The fixed-supply ideas

The United States ultimately devalued its currency with the policies of the New Deal which slowly decoupled the dollar’s dependence on gold and which led to an era of economic growth and prosperity. Conversely Europe largely did not engage in these corrective policies and this era saw the rise of populist strong men and fascists who promised to correct the wealth inequality of the common man, and ultimately plunged the continent into the most violent period in human history.

Under a gold standard, inflation, growth and the financial system were all less stable due to trade imbalances. This led to frequent recessions, larger swings in consumer prices and perpetual banking crises.

A small amount of inflation discourages hoarding and incentivizes investment into productive enterprises which grow the economy and produce prosperity. Conversely a static fixed money supply encouages hoarding, and is inflexible in times of crisis because it does not allow intervention.

Since each the model

the the

Procressing

Within the frame-based loss term, we apply a weighting to encourage accuracy at the start of the note.

we also restrict the final output of the model to start new notes only when the onset detector is confident that a note onset is in that frame.

ill-posed

Go forth and annotate

import numpy as np