2 Matching Annotations
  1. Feb 2018
    1. ust as the WIMP (Windows, Icons, Menus, and Pointers) interfaces of mod-ern computers provide a context for much digital literature, it is also important to note that other digital literature embeds its computation and data in utterly different contexts. Perhaps it will help clarify the issues if we ask ourselves an-other puzzling question, such as one first posed to me by Roberto Sima-nowski: How do we understand the difference between Guillaume Apolli-naire's "ll Pleut" and Camille Utterback and Romy Achituv's Text Rain? Apol-li . , . G nau:e s poem 1s made up of letters falling down the page like rain. Utterback and Achituv's installatiott, takes a video image of the audience standing before it and projects that image on the wall in front of the audience, with the addi-tion (in the video scene) of the letters of a poem falling down like rain and resting on the bodies of their readers. Obviously, one difference is the passage of time in Text Rain, and another difference is that Text Rain is audience inter-active (lifting up a hand on which letters rest causes them to be raised as well). But, at least as fundamentally, another difference is that Text Rain is situated in a physical space other than a printed page or a computer screen, in which the method of interaction is the movement of the readers' bodies (which are rep-resented within the work itself). I would suggest that one way of conceptual-izing this is through the idea of a work's smface, which gives the audience ac-cess to the results of its data and processes and through which any audience interaction occurs. The surfaces of "ll Pleut" and Text Rain are obvio

      In digital works when audience participation is required, what is the role of the audience member? Here, we see that the audience's bodies are used as images for this piece, as well as determining the behavior of the text in this piece. In this way, are they partly author as well?

    2. text, then, is any object with the primary function to relay verbal information. Two observations follow from this definition: (1) a text cannot operate independently of some material medium, and this influences its behavior, and (2) a text is not equal to the information it transmits. l!zjon11ation is here understood as a string of signs, which may (but does not have to) make sense to a given observer. It is useful to distinguish between strings as they appear to readers and strings as they exist in the text, since these may not always be the same. For want of better terms, I call the former _scripto!ls and the latter texto11s. Their names are not important, but the difference between them is. In a book such as Raymond Queneau's sonnet machine Cent mille !Jii!/iards de poems, where the user folds lines in the book to "compose" sonnets, there are only 140 textons, but these combine into 100,000,000,000,000 possible scriptons. In addition to textons and scriptons, a text consists of what I call a traversal function-the mechanism by which scriptons are revealed or generated from textons and presented to the user of the text. (62)

      In many essays on theory, text is used interchangeably with object, such as in Eve Sedgwicl's "Paranoid Reading," in which she outlines the theoretical framework for how critical theorists interpret the world. In this model, text is a thing to be observed and is not merely some object with words on it. It seems like this usage fits well with the definitions of text presented, as digital texts may often not resemble texts as we conceive them.