Carl
This is the first and only direct mention or address to Carl in this section. After this Carl is again referred to as the "you". However, after this point in the section though "you" is used much more frequently.
Carl
This is the first and only direct mention or address to Carl in this section. After this Carl is again referred to as the "you". However, after this point in the section though "you" is used much more frequently.
who
The anaphora is used to put emphasis and attention to the lost generation, but the breaks are interesting. There isn't a set pattern or structure that is reliable or consistent.
who passed through universities with radiant eyes hallucinating
Movements against the education system in California would break out in the 60s after campuses tried to limit political activity. It's interesting to see that the sentiment against higher education, which would take action to preserve its own interests at the sake of students, was around for a while before the movement.
I shall return, I shall return again, To ease my mind of long, long years of pain.
This poem is also a sonnet, and it reads much more traditional than it does compared to the rest of the collection. However, the last two lines don't directly rhyme with each each other, this could either be an intentional break from tradition or is somehow meant to be a visual slant rhyme with the "ain" endings.
I SHALL return again; I shall return To laugh and love and watch with wonder-eyes
I wonder where this place is with how vague it is. It seems to be far removed from civilization, much more pastoral, for the speaker to be so in tune with nature. I believe that this is one of the first poems in this collection to put such a heavy emphasis on nature without a specific location, other than being away from an urban place.
Yet, as a rebel fronts a king in state, I stand within her walls with not a shred Of terror, malice, not a word of jeer.
Similar to Hughes’s “I, too, sing America”, the speaker will only grow stronger from adversity. In fact, the speaker will face America alone and without fear, like a rebel. I am reminded of how American culture loves rebels, as much as we love law and order as well.
I want to see the slim palm-trees, Pulling at the clouds With little pointed fingers …
This touches on a major sentiment of the Harlem Renaissance, which in addition to creating a new identity with the US it was also vital to reconnect with cultural roots. History is important to creating a new identity. It provides a base to build something upon.
Oh let them sing
There is great significance to song and music which is reflective of the time period and renaissance. Music, as well as dance, was a common draw in attracting many people to the Harlem Renaissance.
Hidden by a minstrel-smile.
This was an interesting word choice considering the history of minstrel shows and their derogatory depictions of black people.
Nobody’ll dare Say to me, “Eat in the kitchen,” Then.
It’s reminiscent of They Lion grow, but in this case it’s society and racism that will grow a strong and powerful speaker.
But I laugh, And eat well, And grow strong.
In spite of the speaker’s situation and adversity they will continue to grow strong and live well.
O Blues!
There’s a strange almost conventional and yet not conventional rhyming pattern through the poem that ultimately breaks down into repeating “Blues”. It’s as if the act of music, especially in this time period, fights against the traditional and is able to stand on its own against it.
These segments must achieve contact or the race situation in America becomes desperate.
This is another interesting argument that Locke makes because he emphasizes the point of working together, regardless of race and having contact despite racial lines.
And finally, with the Negro rapidly in process of class differentiation, if it ever was warrantable to regard and treat the Negro en masse it is becom ing with every day less possible, more unjust and more ridiculous.
However, Locke points out that class mobility will further strengthen black identity because it highlights issues of inequality. This is different to how Hughes depicts class mobility affecting identity and culture.
And dawn today Broad arch above the road we came. We march!
Again, Locke is discussing the shift from the old to the new, and the development of black identity in a post-reconstruction US.
to change through the force of his art that old whispering “I want to be white,” hidden in the aspirations of his people, to “Why should I want to be white? I am a Negro–and beautiful”?
In line with the modernist movement, overcoming the "mountain" is finding black identity in a society that is losing its national identity.
We build our temples for tomorrow, strong as we know how, and we stand on top of the mountain, free within ourselves.
This also illustrates the shift from following norms to modernism and finding a new culture for the lost in society. Regardless of who is pleased black identity cannot be suppressed.
The Negro artist works against an undertow of sharp criticism and misunderstanding from his own group and unintentional bribes from the whites.
Black artists are stuck between two worlds, where they cannot be too black or too white. However, appeasing the audience is not staying true to the artist's self.
My friend, blood shaking my heart The awful daring of a moment’s surrender Which an age of prudence can never retract By this, and this only, we have existed Which is not to be found in our obituaries Or in memories draped by the beneficent spider Or under seals broken by the lean solicitor In our empty rooms
zombie, the dead and undead, inside and outside
In this section Elliot emphasizes the motif of the dead and undead. In the moment’s surrender, one that can never be retracted is the moment of death. However, somehow in the act of death one is able to finally exist. Until this point the living are not really living, but they are also not truly dead either. They are stuck in between the living and dead until that final moment of unification, because then their death and life are found in obituaries or the memories of those left behind.
“My nerves are bad tonight. Yes, bad. Stay with me. “Speak to me. Why do you never speak. Speak. “What are you thinking of? What thinking? What? “I never know what you are thinking. Think.”
Fragments, quotation, desire, voices
Elliot is able to inset many motifs into this small section here. It’s a fragmented part of a conversation from one person to another. However, what is also interesting about this section is that it’s a direct quotation from the conversation instead of a paraphrase or summary. It’s a part of a whole conversation, with missing context from the rest of this conversation. There is also intense desire where this person begs for another to stay with them in their time of need. At the same time there is frustration because this person is not having their needs met despite clearly asking for these actions. The lack of another voice adds to the one-sidedness and isolation in this relationship.
Under the brown fog of a winter dawn,
A lot of these sections don't directly connect and they seem like disjointed stories or voices. It doesn't feel united.
Frisch weht der Wind Der Heimat zu Mein Irisch Kind, Wo weilest du?
Strange how this is a poem within a poem, about a missing child. Especially right after the line about fear in a handful of dust.
Bin gar keine Russin, stamm’ aus Litauen, echt deutsch.
Interesting how the language shifts into German and over something that isn't a large point to this section of the poem.
It quickens: clarity, outline of leaf
This poem stood out to me with its vivid imagery and colorful/specific choice of words. It really lends itself to a certain feeling.
while the imagination strains
I notice this poem is very fractured and jumps around a lot. It's hard to follow but this also makes it intriguing.
Forgive me
This is a poem about someone who ate someone else's plums. This poem is an apology for eating someone else's plums. How impulsive and selfish, the speaker is.
—never consider anything as dogma
This seems against what the point of the essay was. It reminds me of Hillbilly Elegy where a point is being made but it's not consistent or fought for strongly.
All this, however, some may consider open to debate.
I wonder why there is a need to debate these subjects, and particularly now. It reminds me of the current political debates now, where rules need to be followed or compromises need to be made.
, but agreeing upon these three positions we thought we had as much right to a group name,
Who are these people to decide rules for writing and literature? I think it's interesting when any group sets rules or categorizations for art. How are these rules decided and how are people appointed to make these rules?
Or trade the memory of this night for food. It well may be. I do not think I would.
I think that this poem is written in slant rhyme. Most words are obvious like drink and sink, but food and would are a bit of a stretch.
; Yet many a man is making friends with death Even as I speak, for lack of love alone
This line is eloquently written and speaks to the fact that without love many of us would perish due to loneliness. Love can come in many ways, from family members to significant others, but without it there really isn't much meaning left in life.
No memory of having starred Atones for later disregard, Or keeps the end from being hard.
The rhyming scheme is unique in this poem. Each stanza has three lines that rhyme, and each stanza is different with its words, meaning that a word from the first stanza will not rhyme with any from the second, third, etc.
If design govern in a thing so small.
I feel like this is a statement or musing about how the chances of these things happening at all are seemingly random, but nature is compared to one big machine that has a design.
Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,
I like this line, it’s very scenic. It’s not very descriptive with abundant imagery but I can see it regardless.
And you that ache so much to be sublime,
Is this meant to be in reference to the elderly mentioned in the first stanza? There is a beauty to aging that some people admire but at the same time wouldn't wish for themselves as well.
young blood
This is an interesting break because it makes the reader wait on suspense. At first it doesn't seem like dreaming of young blood could be anything innocent.
Tragedy, comedy, valor and truth,
Again I'm reminded of Shakespeare. These traits are listed alongside nature, which even fades and dies. It seems something that Falstaff would say to make a point about how pointless certain values are in society.
And what is love but a rose that fades?
I like this line a lot, it reminds me of Shakespeare's well known sonnet but puts a sad twist on it. Roses aren't usually used as symbols of love for their short-lived life spans.
I did write for a while in spite of them
I love the form of this piece, how it's written in a found-footage/journal-esque format is very captivating and grounds the experience.
It is dull enough to confuse the eye in following, pronounced enough to constantly irritate and provoke study, and when you follow the lame uncertain curves for a little distance they suddenly commit suicide—plunge off at outrageous angles, destroy themselves in unheard of contradictions.
The wallpaper is a parallel to her life right now. She's trapped in a room and bored out of her mind. I find this line to be the most relatable where something so ugly or mundane becomes interesting.
“What is it, little girl?” he said. “Don’t go walking about like that—you’ll get cold.”
Out of all the infantilizing remarks this one stood out the most. Obviously because of the "little girl" comment but also because how she's kept in an old nursery room by this man.
Years have passed away since then,—ten, twenty, forty; forty years of national life, forty years of renewal and development, and yet the swarthy spectre sits in its accustomed seat at the Nation’s feast.
Here again is the ghost haunting progress. The alliteration makes it stand out but the dark spirit has an underlying meaning that ties in with the rest of the piece.
walls strait and stubborn to the whitest, but relentlessly narrow, tall, and unscalable to sons of night who must plod darkly on in resignation, or beat unavailing palms against the stone, or steadily, half hopelessly, watch the streak of blue above.
The piece is very poetic but this section in particular stands out to me. The choice of using flowery language ties it into the poem that opens this piece.
Great men before great monuments express great truths, provided they are not taken too solemnly.
This line stands out to me although I'm not really sure why. I'm having difficulties making sense of it but at the same time I feel as though I do understand it, that they're is a casualness to truth.
No more relation could he discover between the steam and the electric current than between the Cross and the cathedral.
Deep. Reminds me of the Simon & Garfunkel song The Sound of Silence. Specifically in relation to the lyric "--and the people bowed and prayed/to the neon God they made--" where there is an underlying fear of technology and power it has.
Nothing in education is so astonishing as the amount of ignorance it accumulates in the form of inert facts.
This line made me think about how people will take facts at the surface level and not actually know the fact. An example of this would be people who read the headlines of science articles but not the articles themselves.
.
Each stanza is a long “sentence”, ended by They Lion Grow with a period at the end. Lion is also capitalized which means that it is something probably of much importance to the meaning of the poem.
From the furred ear and the full jowl come The repose of the hung belly, from the purpose
This section gives me a feeling of body horror because of the intense imagery of a pig’s body. There is an eerie similarity between human and pig anatomy that can make these types of descriptions and imagery uncomfortable. I don’t know what the purpose of it is though.