languaging shapes our experiences, stores them,retrieves them and communicates them in an open-ended process.Languaging both shapes and is shaped by context.
Context is important when it comes to language. It gives us the power to communicate our needs
lurilingualism
The ability to use multiple languages, highlighting an individual's interconnected, evolving linguistic repertoire.
The term languag-ing is needed to refer to the simultaneous process of continuous becom-ing of ourselves and of our language practices, as we interact and makemeaning in the world.
Languaging is needed to refer to the process of ever growing language as we interact with the world.
Janguaging that the act of knowing, in the behavioral coordinationwhich is language, brings forth a world.
languaging is the act of knowing, bringing forth a world.
anguaging that the act of knowing, in the behavioral coordinationwhich is language, brings forth a world.
Languaging is the act of knowing, brings forth a world
Language, VoloSinov says, acquires life‘in concrete verbal communication, and not in the abstract linguisticsystem of language forms, nor in the individual psyche of speakers’(2929/1973: 95).
Language can only exist in concrete communication
Bakhtin posited that language isinextricably bound to the context in which it exists and is incapable ofneutrality because it emerges from the actions of speakers with certainperspective and ideological positioning.
So he's saying that languages can't be changed because it is bound to its original context? Is this why we can directly link Latin to english or some borrowed words from the french?
heteroglossia
the presence of two or more voices or expressed viewpoints in a text or other artistic work.
f UG issupposed to be about all languages as Chomsky seems to want it to be,then it cannot be conceptualized as a natural, biological, genetic endow-ment, as particular languages, as we know them (e.g. Arabic, Chinese,English, Spanish), are historically evolved social conventions;
UG doesnt classify like language as we know it. Language needs to be undoctored and natural, not a theory of languages people use.
competence versus performance, the former referring to the tacitknowledge of the language system and the latter, the use of language in con-crete situations.
competence is the tactic knowledge of the language, Performance is the use of language
One trend pursued universal structuresacross human languages; the other followed how human beings put touse their linguistic knowledge in real-life contexts.
Langue is the independent system of an individual user Parole the use of langue by individuals in a series of speech
gender morphologies and event reporting indifferent languages.
This showed the development of gender and word relation. My best example would be foreign languages such as German or Spanish. Both languages have masculine and feminine terms.
linguistic signs are arbitrary, that is, a linguistic sign is an associationbetween a sound image and a concept, and the sound-meaning associationis established by arbitrary convention for each language.
languages can have signs
monolingual perspectives
the assumption that nation-states should operate on one language
sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic literature.
Sociolinguistic: focusing on how social factors shape language use Psycholinguistic:How the human mind aquires, produces, and comprehends language.
Languagingand ethnifyingaremanipulable,performedandimagined,and yet important.zeeand ethnifyingareimpactedbyglobalization andalso bytheocal.3.Languagingandethnifyingcanbedisruptedorsupportedbyeducation.
I thought these three summarized points were important to highlight because it shows the hard meanings drawn in the article.
languages may not only be ‘markers of identity’ butalso sites of resistance, empowerment, solidarity or discrimination.
More support of the power behind language
Any attempt to count distinctlanguages will be an artifact of classificatory procedures rather than a reflection ofcommunicative practices.”
This shows that when we go back and look through time, we will look at their teachings as a type of procedure rather than common practices then
The ability “to language” and “to ethnify”is precisely then the most important signifying role of human beings—that whichgives life meaning.
language gives life meaning
“thus firm, non-porous and relatively inelastic ethnic boundaries, many of whichwere highly arbitrary, came to be constructed and were then strengthened by thegrowth of stereotypes of ‘the other.’
This quote from Vail (1991:12), supports the claim that it was missionaries and colonial officers who imposed these 'invented' monolithic languages. Vail states that even though the things being imposed were arbitrary or out of the norm they are still strengthened and in tuen evolve through time.
contributors to this volume have used languageand ethnicity practices as the lens to study important processes of how individ-uals and groups have transformed themselves or remained the same by makinglanguaging practices the focal center of our acts of identity.
This statement really shows the type of power having a voice has. It gives the person an 'identity'