I would order a woman to prostate herself before her husband
there's the theme of women's submissive and effectively inferior role
I would order a woman to prostate herself before her husband
there's the theme of women's submissive and effectively inferior role
A'isha ra
Aisha was one of Muhammad's wives, generally considered his favorite after his first wife Khadijah
He used to work for his family, and when prayer (time) came, he went out for prayer
telling that he was perceived as serving his family and god and nothing else was necessary to elaborate upon
You have your rights over your wives and they have their rights over you.
interesting that there was a perception of mutual rights rather than domination of women by men
I am not leaving behind me a more harmful tribulation for men than women
casually sexist tbh
"Act kindly towards woman, for they were created from a rib and the most crooked part of a rib is its top. If you attempt to straighten it you will break it, and if you leave it alone it will remain crooked; so act kindly toward women "
Not exactly sure what the lesson in the rib reference is supposed to be
(41)
this one repeats Hadith 15
you may get used of being thankful
be grateful
Associate yourself with the poor and the needy, be friendly with them and sit in their company
more about helping the poor and needy
'nur'
"the light of god"
Rasulullah saw
"Rasulullah" - "Rasūl Allāh," or "Messenger of God"
"saw" - saw, abbreviation of "sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam" or "peace be upon him"
Allah swt
swt - "Subhanahu wa Taʿālā," glorified and exalted be He; or: may He be glorified and exalted
Abusing a Muslim is sinful
careful to note that these rules only apply to other Muslims
kufr
"denial of religious truth"
There are four traits; he who has all of them is a certain hypocrite and has one of them has some hypocrisy, until he gets rid of it : when being given a trust, he betrays; when he speaks, he lies; when he promises (something), he breaks it; and when he quarrels he commits excesses"
basically these are the four traits that make you a hypocrite
Rather it is I whom you should more properly fear
fear god, not others
The best dinar a man spends
more about charitable spending
I am as My servant thinks I am. I am with him when he makes mention of Me. If he makes mention of Me to himself, I make mention of him to Myself. And if he makes mention of Me in an assembly, I make mention of him in an assembly better than it. And if he draws near to Me a hand's span, I draw near to him an arm's length. And if he draws near to Me an arm's length, I draw near to him a fathom's length. And if he comes to Me walking, I go to him at speed " (Hadist Qudsi: Bukhari, Muslim, Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah )
treat others the way they treat you, but go one step further
compassion for r our little ones and does not honour our old ones
treat both young and old with respect
sadaqah
voluntary donation/charity, contrast with zakat, which is obligatory
Whosoever shows enmity to someone devoted to Me, I shall be at war with him.
the enemy of my friend is also my enemy
the man is a guardian over the people of his house, and the woman is a guardian over her husband's house and children
everyone has a role to play as guardian of another
learnt the Qur'an and then taught it
spread the religion
grateful
multiple mentions of thankfulness
one who controls himself in anger
emphasis on restraint
It is not right for a man to abandon his brother for more than three days
this is surprisingly specific
The Merciful One shows mercy to those who are themselves merciful
same idea as previous
Allah is not merciful to whim who is not merciful to people
emphasis on mercy
The muslim is he from whose tongue and hand a Muslim is safe
Muslims shouldn't hurt other Muslims
muhajir
"immigrant"
the defeat of the rebels
Xosrov II defeats Vahram with Byzantine aid and goes on to rule until 628; for context Muhammad dies in 632
However, the emperor rejected the senate's counsel, and instead sent his own son-in-law, Phillipicus, entrusted with a reply of acceptance [for Xosrov]. He received [Xosrov's] oath and gave him an imperial auxiliary army [including] Yovhan Patrik from Armenia, the stratelat Nerses [g33] from Syria plus their troops. They mustered 3,000 cavalry [massed] in hundreds and in thousands, in brigades, under their own banners.
Emperor Maurice decides to intervene
Let them wipe out each other, and we will have peace."
Civil war weakens the Byzantines' enemy regardless of who wins; no reason to interfere
Finally they decided it best to seek refuge with the king of the Byzantines. "For", they said, "despite the hostility existing between [us], nonetheless [the Byzantines] are Christian and merciful, and they are unable to break a sworn oath"
Demonstrates that the Byzantines were probably well-regarded in their time
find asylum in the multitudinous hosts of the king of the Tachiks.
The Tajiks were eastern Persians
At that point the entire force became excited and killed the king's men. They left the king's service, seated [16] Vahram as their king, swore an oath according to their custom, united and left the East. They headed for Asorestan, to kill their king, Ormazd, do away with the House of Sasan, and establish Vahram on the throne of the kingdom.
Account of a coup in 590
Ormazd
Also Hormizd IV, 579-590
Now as he was dying, the radiant light of the divine Word was born in him, for he believed in Christ
Converts to Christianity on his deathbed
[Xosrov] ruled the kingdom for 48 years.
Significant period
This is that very Vardan against whom the Iranian king himself, called Xosrov Anushirvan,
Anushirvan inherited the Iberian War
he gave them imperial troops in aid. Taking the troops, [8] [the Armenian rebels] turned upon the city of Dwin,
I think this is an account of the Iberian War
Pisidian Antioch
Not the same Antioch, this one's in Western Anatolia
Prior to the rebellion [c.572], this Xosrov, who was called Anushirvan, during his reign [531-79]
Ruler Sassanian Iran
For think not, most noble daughter, that you have obtained but scant reward for staying the blood that would otherwise have been poured out on either side.
commending her for doing more than she probably realizes to prevent bloodshed (probably the invasion of Rome)
as you are wont, zealously and magnanimously to making peace.
"he's decided to follow your lead and make peace as you would" essentially
upon the special instigation of his wife, Queen Theudelinda---since the blessed Pope Gregory had frequently so admonished her in his letters---he concluded a firm peace with the same most holy Pope Gregory and with the Romans,
Gregory's dialogues and letters swayed her, and she was able to sway her husband to peace
he ceased from his commentary upon the temple mentioned in Ezekiel,
unclear what is meant by this
sent these books to the Queen Theudelinda [of the Lombards], whom he knew to be undoubtedly devoted to the faith of Christ and distinguished in good works.
diplomatic play to win her support?
prince of Rome in all but name, and did much to found the temporal power of the Papacy.
established Papal role in politics and administration rather than just religious matters
the Lombards, when they were still bound in the error of heathenism
they were Arians at this time
Eastern Emperor,
Maurice ruled from 582-602
Consulars: of Vienne, of Lyons, of Germania prima, of Germania secunda, of Belgica, prima, of Belgica secunda. Presidents: of the Maritime Alps, of the Pennine and Graiam Alps, of Maxima Sequanorum, of Aquitanica prima, of Aquitanica secunda, of Novem populi, of Narbonensis prima, of Narbonensis secunda, of Lugdunensis secunda, of Lugdunensis tertia, of Lugdunensis Senonia.
definitely not seven listed, I'm guessing seven provinces refers to Septimania
XXIII. THE VICAR OF THE BRITAINS
needed a separate and higher position for Britannia, presumably due to its distance from Rome and separation by sea
V. THE MASTER OF FOOT IN THE PRESENCE
MAYBE master of foot is the head of infantry while master of horse is cavalry; then where's the admiralty/master of ships (very game of thrones)
The staff of the illustrious prefect of the city:
I just noticed the separation between staff and administrative officials
Under the control of the illustrious prefect of the city of Rome are held the administrative positions mentioned below: The prefect of the grain supply, The prefect of the watch, The count of the aqueducts, The count of the banks and bed of the Tiber, and of the sewers, The count of the port, The master of the census, The collector of the wine-tax, The tribune of the swine-market, The consular of the water-supply, The curator of the chief works, The curator of public works, The curator of statues, The curator of the Galban granaries, The centenarian of the port,* The tribune of art works
various cabinet positions reflect the important administrative functions of the time
III. THE PRETORIAN PREFECT OF THE GAULS
controlled the furthest western European provinces
of the Spains
different Hispanias
of the Seven Provinces
Septimania?
in Africa two
I believe "Africa" referred to a smaller territory at the time
in Illyricum four:
there's overlap here
The pretorian prefect of Italy. The pretorian prefect of the Gauls. The prefect of the city of Rome.
parallel to the eastern positions, only Rome and Constantinople had prefects
XLIII. THE CONSULAR OF PALESTINE
these regional titles occupy smaller and smaller territories
XXXIX. THE DUKE OF SCYTHIA.
not at title I'm familiar with
XXVIII. THE COUNT OF THE EGYPTIAN FRONTIER Under the control of the worshipful military count of Egypt:
military leader in Egypt
XXIV. THE VICAR OF THE DIOCESE OF ASIA Under the control of the worshipful vicar of the diocese of Asia are the provinces mentioned below: Pamphylia, Lydia, Caria, Lycia. Lycaonia, Pisidia, Phrygia Pacatiana, Phrygia salutaris.
now we appear to be arriving at religious titles
Under the control of the worshipful Augustal prefect are the provinces mentioned below: Lybia superior, Lybia inferior, Thebais, Egypt, Arcadia, Augustamnica.
controls the North African provinces, appears that procinsul, prefect, and pretorial prefect are similar in scope of territory controlled but not rank
Under the control of the worshipful proconsul of Asia are the provinces mentioned below: Asia, The Islands, Hellespontus.
Anatolia and the Hellespont
XVIII. THE CHIEF OF THE NOTARIES. Under the control of the worshipful chief of the notaries. The registry of all the official and administrative positions, both military and civil. He also has charge of the schools and the forces.*
the bureaucrat in charge of keeping records for the bureaucracy; may have written this very document
XVII. THE CASTELLAN
runs the castle in medieval Europe
THE COUNT OF THE HOUSEHOLD HORSE.
same root as constable
XIV. THE COUNT OF THE PRIVATE DOMAIN
assuming he kept the palace and crown land running
XIII. THE COUNT OF THE SACRED BOUNTIES.
sounds like the equivalent of a treasurer
Under the control of the illustrious quaestor: The formulation of laws, The formulation of petitions.
involved in the drafting of legislation it seems
XI. THE MASTER OF THE OFFICES.
a lot of the titles under his control were military names but civil positions
X. THE PROVOST OF THE SACRED BEDCHAMBER.
high honor position, but apparently not labor-intensive as he didn't have much help
IN THE EAST.
not sure about "in the presence" vs. "in the east"
Borderers Infantry 249,500 360,000 Cavalry 110,500 Imperial Infantry 145,000 194,500 Cavalry 46,500
so cavalry would have been over a third of the military units; this is more than I would have expected
V. THE MASTER OF THE SOLDIERY IN THE PRESENCE. Under the control of the illustrious master of the soldiery in the, presence: *
sort of a high-ranking general?
IV. THE PREFECT OP THE CITY OF CONSTANTINOPLE
mayor of the capital was important enough to have roughly the same title as regional governors, speaks to Constantinople's importance
nder the control of the illustrious pretorian prefect of Illyricum are the dioceses mentioned below: of Macedonia; of Dacia. The provinces of Macedonia are six: Achaia; Macedonia; Crete; Thessaly; ancient Epirus; new Epirus; and a part of Macedonia salutaris. The provinces of Dacia are five: Mediterranean Dacia; ripuarian Dacia; Moesia prima; Dardania; Praevalitana; and part of Macedonia salutaris.
a lot of these aren't part of core Illyria
The staff *1 of the illustrious pretorian prefect of the East:
incredible number of literate workers required to keep the office running
ILLYRICUM
smaller, less important territory, but still very valuable province and thus a powerful position
II. THE PRETORIAN PREFECT OF THE EAST.
highest position below the emperor himself
Forty presidents:
same here, larger number, less power
Four vicars: of [the diocese of] Asia; of [the diocese of] Pontus; of [the diocese of] the Thraces; of [the diocese of] Macedonia. Two military counts: of Egypt; of Isauria. Thirteen dukes: in [the diocese of] Egypt two: of the Libyas; of Thebais. in [the diocese of] the East six: of Phoenice; of Euphratensis and Syria; of Palestine; of Osroena; of Mesopotamia; of Arabia. in [the diocese of] Pontus one: of Armenia. in [the diocese of] Thrace two: of Moesia secunda; of Scythia. in [the diocese of] Illyricum two: of ripuarian Dacia; of Moesia prima. Fifteen consulars: in [the diocese of] the East five: of Palestine; of Phoenice; of Syria; of Cilicia; of Cyprus in [the diocese of] Asia three: of Pamphylia; of Hellespontus; of Lydia. in [the diocese of] Pontus two: of Galatia; of Bithynia. in [the diocese of] Thrace two: of Europe; of Thrace. in [the diocese of] Ilyricum three: of Crete; of.Macedonia; of Mediterranean Dacia.
assuming these are roughly in order of importance
The quaestor.
legal advisor?
Illyricum.
also called Illyria, eastern shore of the Adriatic
"provost of the sacred bedchamber
what a job
An English word which fully expresses the Roman function is, in many cases. hard to find.
we often don't bother translating, maybe just anglicize it instead
one duke, one count
did these exist in 400 ad Rome?
The military origin of the whole system appears in the titles of the staff officers, even in those departments whose heads had, since the time of Constantine, been deprived of all military command.
this is very interesting. Rome was a military society and a military power, running bureaucracy with the same title and structure as their army and often w/ overlap between civil and military service
between 395 and 407
right before the 410 sack, sometimes considered the fall of the west
The NOTITIA DIGNITATUM is an official register of all the offices, other than municipal, which existed in the Roman Empire.
implies an incredible degree of centralized bureaucracy/authority to even be able to create such a list