By nature, the LTNP project sample, while diverse in terms of geogra-phy, school profiles, and topics addressed, is not necessarily representativeof students or of schools in the United States. While we are able to shareanalyses from a large sample of 11,035 letters, this is not a random or nation-ally representative sampling of youth civic identity or beliefs. However,within this corpus of data we have attempted to focus intentionally on stu-dents who are historically underserved and underrepresented—and mostoverlooked within civic education literature—by sampling schools fittingthat profile in the second phase of the study.Another limitation is that the findings from

However, these themes of cyn-icism and distrust are grounded in the very topics that were more likely to betagged in letters from urban areas and schools serving lower SES studentssuch as discrimination, Black Lives Matter, immigration, police, and violence

students generated a total of 1,636 dif-ferent issue tags, including a large proportion of redundant and related tag

uis’s letter echoesthe powerful forms of out-of-school activism

hy must we lose our loved ones because some-one else killed them. Everyone should die a natural way,

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