intense heat and its periodic absenc

hydraulic citizenshi

andscapes and built environments canbecome repositories for meanings, identifications and bodily orientations salientwithin a particular group

social care that treated sensory well-beingquaampleheat as part of obligations to its charges’ ‘comfort’ and ‘happiness’

The only thing Icansay that Idomiss is the heat

two built environments – the gradually demolished architecture of theKeynesian welfare state and the gradually emerging architecture of a post-Keynesian urban communitarianism

nvestigated how a rapidlychanging urban built environment shapes a new ethics of social care as theAmerican welfare state itself undergoes substantial restructuring

As a condition of lease compliance, a transitioning Hornerresident must now assume financial and physical control of her domestic utilities,including her heating.

In the case of infrastructures, the poetic mode means that form is loosened from technicalfunction.

Studies of infrastructure tend toprivilege the technological even if they qualify it by defining urban spaces as hybrid systems ofhumans and machines bundled together through infrastructural networks. Yet one of the mostdynamic aspects of recent anthropological research on infrastructure is the sheer diversity of waysto conceive of and analyze infrastructures that cumulatively point to the productive instability ofthe basic unit of research.

Poetics is thus a rearranging of the hierarchy of what signification within thespeech event is dominant at any moment. Discourse operates on many levels simultaneously, butspeech acts release differing meanings in their poetic function than they do in their referential oremotive functions.

But infrastructures also exist as forms separate from their purely technical functioning, andthey need to be analyzed as concrete semiotic and aesthetic vehicles oriented to addressees

Focusing on the issue ofform, or the poetics of infrastructure, allows us to understand how the political can be constitutedthrough different means.

t in an agonistic city, where agreement is thin on the ground, a little more kind- ness may be what we should hope for and what we can get, whereas love is a bridge too far

kindness has to be built into the spaces of cities

I want to think of kindness as a social and aesthetic technology of belonging to a situation, rather than as an organic emotion

they often sit very uncomfortably togethe

not preclude a good deal of general misanthrop

Cities may have, as I will argue, a large reservoir of enmity but they also have a surplus of hope, an uncon- scious hunger for the future as well as the past.

Western cities are continuously modulated by repair and maintenance in ways that are so familiar that we tend to overlook them

Some of the land taken from black families has become a country club in Virginia,”

Reparations would mean a revolution of the American consciousness, a reconciling of our self-image as the great democratizer with the facts of our history

It’s very hard to accept white supremacy as a structure erected by actual people, as a choice, as an interest, as opposed to a momentary bout of insanity.

He preferred to take his chances with war. He was stationed in California. He found that he could go into stores without being bothered. He could walk the streets without being harassed.

Elegant Racism

Even the incoherent, bland and monotonous suburban tract development that continues to dominate in many areas now gets its anti-dote in a ‘new urbanism’ movement that touts the sale of community and boutique lifestyles to fulfill urban dreams. This is a world in which the neoliberal ethic of intense possessive individualism, and its cognate of political withdrawal from collective forms of action, becomes the tem-plate for human socialization

the government’s right of eminent domain has been abused in order to displace estab-lished residents in reasonable housing in favour of higher-order land uses, such as condominiums and box stores.

One step towards unifying these struggles is to adopt the right to the city as both working slogan and political ideal, precisely because it focuses on the question of who commands the necessary connection between urbanization and surplus production and use.

The answer to the last question is simple enough in principle: greater democratic control over the production and utilization of the surplus.

Through a system of highways and infrastructural transformations, suburbanization and the total re-engineering of not just the city but also the whole metropolitan region, he helped resolve the capital-surplus absorption problem.

The right to the city had to mean the right to command the whole urban process, which was increasingly dominating the country-side through phenomena ranging from agribusiness to second homes and rural tourism

We live, after all, in a world in which the rights of private property and the profit rate trump all other notions of rights.

I here want to explore another type of human right, that of the right to the city.

The right to the city had to mean the right to command the whole urban process, which was increasingly dominating the country-side through phenomena ranging from agribusiness to second homes and rural tourism

to create a movement to build another kind of world—including a dif-ferent kind of urban experience.

social consequences,

This project successfully absorbed the surplus and assured social stability, albeit at the cost of hollowing out the inner cities and generating urban unrest amongst those, chiefly African-Americans, who were denied access to the new prosperity.

bringing new products from housing to refrigerators and air conditioners, as well as two cars in the driveway and an enormous increase in the consumption of oil.

Above all, it entailed the reconfiguration of the urban infrastructure of Paris.

A great deal of energy is expended in promoting their sig-nificance for the construction of a better world.

it is a right to change ourselves by changing the city.

sutprising that prisons resemble factories, schools, barracks, hospitals,

There is no risk, therefore, that the increase of power created by the panoptic machine may degenerate into tyranny;

Panopticon

The Panopticon, on the other hand, must be understood as a generalizable model of functioning; a way of defining power relations in terms of the everyday life of men.

Power has its principle not so much in a person as in a certain concerted distribution of bodies, surfaces, lights, gazes; in an arrangement whose internal mechanisms produce the relation in which individuals are caught up.

space of exclusion

space of exclusion

the assignment to each individual of his 'true' name, his 'true' place, his 'true' body, his 'true' disease.

plague

It lays down for each individual his place, his body, his disease and his death, his well-being, by means of an omnipresent and omniscient power that subdivides itself in a regular, uninterrupted way even to the ultimate determination of the individual, of what characterizes him, of what belongs to him, of what happens to him.

magistrates have complete control over medical treatment

Everything that may be observed during the course of the visits -deaths, illnesses, complaints, irregularities-is noted down and transmitted to the intendants and magistrates.

those who live overlooking the courtyard will be allo-cated a window looking onto the street at which no one but they may show themselves);

Only the intendants, syndics and guards will move about the streets and also, between the infected houses, from one corpse to another, the 'crows', who can be left to die: these are 'people of little SUbstance who carry the sick, bury the dead, clean and do many vile and abject offices'. It is a segmented, immobile, frozen space.

had placed herself, a female, in the role of ques­tioning the right of these males to enter the bar.

It is an affront to be mistaken for a boy instead of the man he so obviously is.

They came looking for girls, for action, and they feel no compulsion, once inside this place, to remain.

No sign hangs above the door at Brady's announcing "Male Territory," but such a claim is written into the customs and mores that guide male and female behavior alike.

This does not mean women are not highly valued at Brady's Bar; in one sense they are required ifthe ceremonial life is to function properly.

As our research progressed we began to discover more and more ways that space reinforced the way our culture defines masculinity and femininity. Territoriality reflected the basic definitions of sexual gender as expressed in the division of labor and social structure of Brady's Bar.

You know my uncle doesn't like women behind his bar!"

Wherever people work, live, or play they stake claims on space and attach meanings to them.

Inside our houses space is divided up and allocated so that even young children mayjj;el a kind of private owner­ship over certain territory.

culturally learned responses

Territoriality in humans refers to the means by which space is defined, allo­cated, and maintained; it is a cultural phenomenon.

The ebb and flow of social life in every society occurs in the context of place:

Phenomenological Perspectives