7 Matching Annotations
  1. Nov 2017
    1. SUCCESS has always been the greatest liar—and the "work" itself is a success; the great statesman, the conqueror, the discoverer, are disguised in their creations until they are unrecognizable; the "work" of the artist, of the philosopher, only invents him who has created it, is REPUTED to have created it; the "great men," as they are reverenced, are poor little fictions composed afterwards; in the world of historical values spurious coinage PREVAILS.

      Success is not a reality, but is completely man made. Only a "great man" is successful.

    2. IF we must have virtues, have those only which have come to agreement with our most secret and heartfelt inclinations, with our most ardent requirements:

      Nietzsche is implying that if we are to have virtues we should believe them truly and not have them be influenced by society. Virtues should reflect our lives and define us.

    3. The Christian faith from the beginning, is sacrifice the sacrifice of all freedom, all pride, all self-confidence of spirit, it is at the same time subjection, self-derision, and self-mutilation.

      He is being critical towards Christianity. He states that Christianity is the sacrifice of all freedom, and it bounds us to live our lives in a certain way.

    4. Choose the GOOD solitude, the free, wanton, lightsome solitude, which also gives you the right still to remain good in any sense whatsoever! How poisonous, how crafty, how bad, does every long war make one, which cannot be waged openly by means of force! How PERSONAL does a long fear make one, a long watching of enemies, of possible enemies!

      I believe what he's trying to say here is that you choose the good and the bad in this world. Even though you see bad happening or think of doing bad you can still choose to do good or vice versa.

  2. Oct 2017
    1. “Scientific knowledge cannot know and make known that it is the true knowledge without resorting to the other, narrative, kind of knowledge, which from its point of view has no knowledge at all.” Modern science leaves behind metaphysics of proof of the proof and recognizes that the “conditions of truth” are immanent in the “game,” whose rules are confirmed by experts

      Here Lyotard states that Science can't prove something to be right unless it proves something else to be wrong. In order for scientific knowledge to be true, it has to look at it from no knowledge point of view as well. For example, in order for science to prove that bee pollination helps plants grow, it has to also show that without bee pollination a plant doesn't grow too much.

    2. Thus, the process of delegitimation was fueled by the demand for legitimation itself, and universities lost their function as speculative legitimation and emphasized the need for teachers, not researchers. There is also an intrinsic erosion in the narrative of emancipation, but it differs from that of the speculative discourse; when science plays its own language game, it is incapable of others, such as prescriptions, and cannot legitimate itself.

      Delegitimation means going against the rules and norms. What lyotard is trying to say is science can only legitimate itself but it can't legitimate something else like religion. Those two contradict each other. For Example, Evolution can be proven or in other words legitimatized by science. However, religious views don't legitimatize evolution beliefs.

    1. The ruling class is and will continue to be the class of decision makers.

      In this phrase, Lyotard is using sociological aspects to describe society. He states that there are different classes in the society. The more money you have, the higher class you'll be considered to be in. He mentions that the ruling class, meaning the class that has the most money in the society will continue to make decisions for the lower class citizens.