the necessityfor using every legitimate opportunity to extend our influence and control in thatgreat African continent which is now being opened up to civilisation and to com-merce; and, lastly, it is for the same reasons that I hold that our navy should bestrengthened-(loud cheers)-until its supremacy is so assured that we cannot beshaken in any of the possessions which we hold or may hold hereafter.

I am convinced that it is a necessity as well as aduty for us to uphold the dominion and empire which we now possess. (Loudcheers.) For these reasons, among others, I would never lose the hold which we nowhave over our great Indian dependency—(hear, hear)—by far the greatest and mostIMPERIALISM IN AFRICA, 1875–1914 67

From this standpoint our colonies still remain what James Mill [an extremelyinfluential political theorist of the mid-nineteenth century] cynically described themas being, “a vast system of outdoor relief for the upper classes.”

Here we have an important nucleus of com-mercial imperialism. Some of these trades, especially the shipbuilding, boilermak-ing, and gun and ammunition making trades, are conducted by large firms withimmense capital, whose heads are well aware of the uses of political influence fortrade purposes.

Certain definite business and professional interests feeding upon imperialisticexpenditure, or upon the results of that expenditure, are thus set up in opposition tothe common good, and, instinctively feeling their way to one another, are foundunited in strong sympathy to support every new imperialist exploit.

What is the direct economic outcome of Imperialism? A great expenditure

have served well the present businessinterests of certain industries and professions.

the business interests of the nation as a whole are subordinated to those of certainsectional interests that usurp control of the national resources and use them for theirprivate gain. This is no strange or monstrous charge to bring; it is the commonestdisease of all forms of government.

in that at enormous expense it has procured a small, bad, unsafeincrease of markets, and has jeopardized the entire wealth of the nation in rousingthe strong resentment of other nations

Apart from its quantity, the quality of the new tropicalexport trade is of the lowest, consisting for the most part, as the analysis of theColonial Office shows, of the cheapest metal goods of Birmingham and Sheffield,and large quantities of gunpowder, spirits, and tobacco

Taking under survey our whole Empire, we reach the conclusion that,excluding our commerce with India, the smallest, least valuable, and most uncertaintrade is that done with our tropical possessions, and in particular with those whichhave come under Imperial control since 1870.

preventing the evil which tor-ments us from overcoming the other states of Europe

I claim it with confidence at this time, when, despite my accep-tance of the new Constitution, the insurgents openly profess a scheme for destroy-ing the remnants of the monarchy.

King has sought torecover his liberty and to place himself and his family in safety

Would you want the anarchy and despotism of the clubs to supplant the monarchi-cal government under which the nation has prospered for fourteen hundred years?Would you want to see your King overwhelmed with insults and deprived of his lib-erty, while he devotes himself entirely to the establishment of yours

what is tobe expected from them; and if they show any inclination to revise anything, it is inorder to destroy the remainder of the monarchy and to establish a metaphysical andphilosophical government which would be impossible to operate

oday, when his sole recompense for so many sacrifices consists of seeing themonarchy destroyed, all powers disregarded, property violated, personal securityeverywhere endangered, crimes unpunished, and total anarchy taking the place oflaw, while the semblance of authority provided by the new Constitution is insuffi-cient to repair a single one of the ills afflicting the kingdom, the King, havingsolemnly protested against all the acts issued during his captivity, deems it his dutyto place before Frenchmen and the entire universe the picture of his conduct and thatof the government which has established itself in the kingdom. .

Men are born and remain free and equal in rights; social distinctions may bebased only upon general usefulness

The representatives of the French people, organized in National Assembly, consid-ering that ignorance, forgetfulness, or contempt of the rights of man are the solecauses of public misfortunes and of the corruption of governments, have resolved to

"Charity has been the function of the church. Now it's the team who is taking charge of the social life, visiting children in hospitals, inviting children to see a game or giving money to charity… Does that mean they have kind of a religious role?" he asked.

"We really want to see what everyone wants to say.… When you have a lot of people passionate about hockey, and not about religion, it's interesting to see people's reactions to the question," she said. "If they can make connections between religion and sport, it helps get people involved; there will be a lot of diversity."

The arena is their temple, the players are their saviours, and those who worship them pray that the sacrifices made on the ice — of blood, sweat and tears — will lead them to glory. They are the fans of the Montreal Canadiens.

An instant after the slap, Orlando spun the fan aroundand socked him in the jaw, scattering teeth like jujubes

Smoke from a tear-gas canister haddriven thousands of hockey fans into the streets, sparking afour-hour rampage that yielded the requisite fires, shatteredwindows, looted stores, overturned cars and 137 arrests

There is love in their applause, genuine affection, certainly gratitude for all of the memories, the good feeling he brought them with the goals and the victories and the Cups. And, there is more, not just admiration, not just respect, but reverence, from all those who see him as the symbol of their rebellion back in 1955, when the French-Canadians looked to him, and he became the incarnation of their cause.

The mob — for by now it had become a mob — headed eastward down St. Catherine Street’s shopping district. They shattered display windows and carried away what they could. They crashed windows of banks and the post office. They terrified patrons of a restaurant and bar with the objects they flung through windows. They pulled cabbies from their taxis and beat them.

The police were primarily occupied with the crowd outside, having underestimated the furor of their turnout. That left Campbell on his own, exposed.

Not surprising, then, that a French paper published a cartoon of Campbell’s bloody head on a platter with the caption, “This is how we would like to see him.”

At first, they vented their frustration over the phone lines. So many called the newspapers’ sports departments to express outrage that some reporters could not concentrate in the din.

Richard and pointed out that Laycoe “was no angel,” going so far to suggest that since Laycoe knew “Richard erupts like Vesuvius” his provocation “should be considered an accessory before the fact.”

The next day, when Richard spotted McLean in the hotel lobby, he grabbed the referee by the throat,

Opponents frequently antagonized Richard because they could count on him retaliating and they would rather see him in the penalty box than on the ice. By 1955, he had become one of the game’s most penalized players. During 18 seasons total, he was assessed 1,285 minutes in penalties.

Hockey in Canada was bigger than the church, and Rocket Richard was bigger than the Pope,”

In 1939, when war broke out in Europe, the 18-year-old Richard tried to enlist for active duty, but military doctors determined his wrists and ankle — already broken during hockey games­ — had not healed properly. He tried to enlist again the following year, but was again turned away

sometimes four games in a weekend, using aliases to play for multiple teams, often against grown men.

“RICHARD GOES INSANE”

The punishment is worse for Richard. Udvari kicks him out of the game.

Laycoe lunges at Richard. His stick blade clips the Rocket above the left ear and opens a gash. The blood stains his scalp. Incensed, Richard swings his stick with two-fisted fury at Laycoe. He hits him with such force across the shoulders that his stick splinters. Laycoe sheds his gloves and rushes at Richard, who drops his gloves. The two thrash at one another with their fists.

Les Habitants trailed 4-1 at this point as the home side had their minds on something else, and that didn't help matters either. Garbage and various fruit rained down on the NHL boss, one man raced up and smeared a tomato on Campbell, and less than a minute later a homemade tear gas bomb went off.

Ted Lindsay had been dispatched for four games after punching a Toronto fan.

leaving the Habs' star cut on the head after a high stick. A brawl ensued, and the Rocket broke his CCM stick over Laycoe's back.

The NHL was a provincial, parochial six-team affair in 1955, featuring barely over 100 players. Many of them hated each other with the type of passion only love can understand, as paleontologist Steven Jay Gould once observed of 1950s New York baseball.

Sticks were high, fists flew, blood often smeared the ice, and the owners thought this was all manly and a great way to sell tickets.

Maurice Richard said many times that, in order to understand the events leading up to the riot of March 17, 1955 that forever bears his name, it was crucial to know how violent the National Hockey League was in those days.

If only François Paradis had not vanished forever in the great lonely woods, all were then so plain. No need to ask herself what she ought to do; she would have gone straight to him, guided by a wise instinct that she might not gainsay, sure of doing what was right as a child that obeys a command. But François was gone; neither in the promised springtime nor ever again to return, and the cure of St. Henri forbade regrets that would prolong the awaiting.

"No need whatever that you should say 'Yes' at once. You have not known me very long ... But think of what I have said to you. I will come back, Maria. It is a long journey and costly, but I will come. And if only you give thought to it, you will see there is no young fellow here who could give you such a future as I can; because if you marry me we shall live like human beings, and not have to kill ourselves tending cattle and grubbing in the earth in this out-of-the-way corner of the world."

Don't let the fire out, children."

The women of the Chapdelaine household had no part in the work of the fields. The father and his three tall sons, all strong and skilled in farm labour, could have managed everything by themselves; if they continued to employ Legare and to pay him wages it was because he had entered their service eleven years before, when the children were young, and they kept him now, partly through habit, partly because they were loth to lose the help of so tremendous a worker. During the hay-making then, Maria and her mother had only their usual tasks: housework, cooking, washing and mending, the milking of three cows and the care of the hens, and once a week the baking which often lasted well into the night.

Flies and mosquitos rose in swarms from the cut hay, stinging and tormenting the workers

Chapdelaine, his three sons and man, proceeded then to "make land." The forest still pressed hard upon the buildings they had put up a few years earlier: the little square house, the barn of planks that gaped apart, the stable built of blackened logs and chinked with rags and earth. Between the scanty fields of their clearing and the darkly encircling woods lay a broad stretch which the ax had but half-heartedly attacked. A few living trees had been cut for timber, and the dead ones, sawn and split, fed the great stove for a whole winter; but the place was a rough tangle of stumps and interlacing roots, of fallen trees too far rotted to burn, of others dead but still erect amid the alder scrub.

"Spring is not far ... Spring is not far ..."

"You cannot shoot devils with a gun,"

"O look," said Alma Rose, "here is Chien come for his share of petting." The dog laid his long head with the sad eyes upon her knee; uttering little friendly words, Maria bent and caressed him. "He has been lonely without you like the rest of us," came from Alma Rose. "Every morning he used to look at your bed to see if you were not back." She called him to her. "Come, Chien; come and let me pet you too."

"There is a little water on the ice," said he, "and the snow has melted; but we ought to be able to cross all the same. Get up, Charles Eugene." The horse lowered his head and sniffed at the white expanse in front of him, then adventured upon it without more ado. The ruts of the winter road were gone, the little firs which had marked it at intervals were nearly all fallen and lying in the half-thawed snow; as they passed the island the ice cracked twice without breaking. Charles Eugene trotted smartly toward the house of Charles Lindsay on the other bank. But when the sleigh reached midstream, below the great fall, the horse had perforce to slacken pace by reason of the water which had overflowed the ice and wetted the snow. Very slowly they approached the shore; there remained only some thirty feet to be crossed when the ice began to go up and down under the horse's hoofs.

"The mass is beautiful. I am often very sorry that we live so far from churches. Perhaps not being able to attend to our religion every Sunday hinders us from being just so fortunate as other people."

I am here with some Belgians who are going to buy furs from the Indians;

I am a Christian," she said to her parents; " the Devils have no longer [29] any power over me. I do not consent to the sin that you have just committed, in consulting the Demons; I do not wish their remedies. God alone will cure me; let [page 115] this Magician go away." The father and mothers and all those present, were much astonished at this rebuke,—so innocent, but yet so efficacious that they made that juggler withdraw, not wishing to grieve this sick child. But their astonishment increased when, on that very day, this child asked to be carried to the Church, asserting that she would get well,—as, in fact, it happened. This event has beers the means of converting the father and the mother, who have adopted their daughter's faith, and have received Baptism after her,—blessing God for having called them with so much gentleness.

Meanwhile the enemy, already victorious, had set everything on fire, and the blood of even the women and children irritated their fury.

we gave them, at the start, a cask of Eels, and a barrel of Indian corn; also 6 Blankets, 2 pairs of snowshoes, etc. For their Cabin,

The barbarian, having said that, took a kettle full of boiling water, which he poured over his body three different times, in derision of Holy baptism. And, each time that he baptized him in this manner, the barbarian said to him, with bitter sarcasm, " Go to Heaven, for thou art well baptized." After that, they made him suffer several other torments. The 1st was to make hatchets red-hot, and to apply them to the loins and under the armpits. They made a collar of these red-hot hatchets, and put it on the neck of this good Father. This is the fashion in which I have seen the collar made for other prisoners: They make six hatchets red-hot, take a large withe of green wood, pass the 6 hatchets over the large end of the withe, take the two ends together, and then put it over the neck of the sufferer. I slave seen no torment which more moved me to compassion than that. For you see a man, bound naked to a post, who, having this collar on his neck, cannot tell what posture to take. For, if he lean forward, those above his shoulders weigh the more on him; if he lean back, those on his stomach make him suffer the same torment; if he keep erect, without leaning to one side or other, the burning ratchets, applied equally on both sides, give him a trouble torture.

set fire to all the huts. They proceeded to vent their rage on those two Fathers; for they took them both and stripped them entirely naked, and fastened each to a post. They tied both of their hands together. They tore the nails from their fingers. They beat them with a shower of blows from cudgels, on the shoulders, the loins, the belly, the legs, and the face,—there being no part of their body which did not endure this torment. " The savages told us further, that, although Father de Brebceuf was overwhelmed under the weight of these blows, he did not cease continually to speak of God, and to encourage all the new Christians who were captives like himself to suffer well,

Can anything be more ridiculous?

As to what is the state of the soul after death, they hold that it separates in such a way from the body that it does not abandon it immediately. When they bear it to the [98] grave, it walks in front, and remains in the cemetery until the feast of the Dead; by night, it walks through the villages and enters the Cabins, where it takes its part in the feasts, and eats what is left at evening in the kettle; whence it happens that many, on this account, do not willingly eat from it on the morrow; there are even some of them who will not go to the feasts made for the souls, believing that they would certainly die if they should even taste of the provisions prepared for them; others, however, are not so scrupulous, and eat their fill. At the feast of the Dead, which takes place about every twelve years, the souls quit the cemeteries,

I say it without exaggeration, the five and six months of Winter are spent in almost continual discomforts

Hell, a place where no blessing comes, and where ills of all kinds abound; that it is a fiery furnace, in the midst of which the damned would be forever tormented, and burned without ever being consumed; [18] that they must now consider to which of these two places they preferred to go some day, forever, and to do this while they were still in this life, because the matter was decided so far as it concerned all the dead for whom they had made or were going to make feasts; that all those who had slighted God and broken his commandments had followed the path to Hell, where they now were tormented by punishments that could not be imagined, and for which there was no remedy. I told them that, if they wished to go to Heaven, we would teach them the way;

Thus, then, we deal with the Old Men. As the women and children caused us much trouble,

We gather together the men as often as we can; for their councils, their feasts, their games, and their dances do not permit us to have them here at any 'hour, nor every day

Religious and secular, are continually offering their prayers and their vows to God for the conversion of the poor Barbarians of this whole country