Their immigration was prompted interalia by strong labour demand, relatively easy short-term work and residence permits(pull factors) as well as the Russian aggression on Ukraine in 2014 with an ensuingeconomic crisis there (push factors).

The authors find that the arrival of Ukrainian workers was increas-ing the effective labour supply in Poland in 2013–2018 by 0.8% per annum

Current researchusing the WISC-III and WIAT shows that 67% of childrenwith ADHD have a learning disability (i.e., significant dis-crepancy between IQ and achievement), particularly inwritten expression (Mayes, Calhoun, & Crowell, 1998).