Common types of accidents in a nursing home are falls, medication errors, burns or scalds, choking incidents, wandering, or equipment related injuries.

Neglect is often connected with systemic issues like understaffing, poor training, low wages, high staff turnover, poor management, or cost cutting measures.

The big downsides of this is higher insurance premiums for people with private insurance, contributes to the overall rise in healthcare costs, and creates inequalities in who pays for care.

Key features of ambulatory care is no overnight stay required, lower cost than inpatient hospital care, focuses on prevention and ongoing management, and its more convenient and accessible for patients.

Since the ACA was put in place, there has been a few changes. These would include the individual mandate penalty eliminated, Medicaid expansion becoming optional, enhanced subsidies, changes to employer requirements, growth of state flexibility, and expansion of preventive services.

Some states have been very successful with their plans. California has one of the biggest and successful state run exchanges and is known for aggressive outreach and enrollment efforts. New York integrates Medicaid, Child Health Plus, and private plans in one system and focuses on affordability and subsidies.

A big medical fraud case was Elizabeth Holmes and Theranos. They claimed they revolutionized blood testing with just a few drops of blood instead of a whole vile. In reality the technology didn't work as they promised and investors lost billions while patients received inaccurate test results. Holmes was convicted of fraud in 2022

Some examples of medical entrepreneurialism is direct to consumer Telehealth platforms, medical spas, physician owned surgery centers, direct to consumer genetic testing, and fertility clinics & egg freezing services.

Money for this comes from the federal government, state and local governments, private insurance companies, and out of pocket payments from individuals

Some well known MCOs in the US are UnitedHealthcare, Kaiser Permanence, Aetna, Cigna Healthcare, Humana, Centene Corporations, and Molina Healthcare.

An example of this would be is someone is diagnosed with high blood pressure. The doctor can explain several treatment options like medication, diet changes, and exercise. Together the doctor and patient can decide on a plan that that will include lifestyle changes first and then readjust a few months later.

In the healthcare system this would be when a doctor learns that a patient's culture places importance on traditional healing practices. The doctor would respectfully ask about the practices instead of dismissing them, and works with the patient for a safe medical treatment.

Some examples of this technique would be active listening, asking open ended questions instead of questions that just have yes or no replies, clarification questions, validation, and having silent moments so the patient can reflect.

An example of this is chronic pain. The biological factors are injury, inflammation, or nerve damage. The psychological factors are anxiety about pain, fear of movement, or stress that increases muscle tension. The social factors are work stress, family expectations, or lack of access to healthcare.

Many high income countries (like the US) rely on IENs to help with nursing shortages, aging populations, burnout and workforce turnover, and rural and underserved area staffing. Common source countries include Philippines, India, Nigeria, Jamaica, and Canada.

Allied health workers help with diagnosing diseases, delivering therapy and rehabilitation, performing laboratory tests, supporting daily patient care, and promoting health and preventing illness. These workers work in hospitals, clinics, schools, nursing homes, rehabilitation centers, and community settings.

This would be fields that aren't as demanding as surgery or emergency medicine like dermatology, psychiatry, or ophthalmology. These specialties are normally during regular clinic hours, fewer emergency procedures, more scheduled patient visits, and has more flexibility.

This refers to showing care and empathy towards patients but remaining emotionally controlled to avoid becoming so emotionally involved that it affects clinical judgement. This also helps prevent burnout, supports rational decision making, and keeps professional boundaries.

This is very relevant in our society today between people not trusting vaccines and being anti vax. You especially saw this with the COVID 19 vaccine when it first came out like it describes in this section.

Why does society frame obesity as a personal failure when the environment is designed to promote overconsumption and poor eating habits?

If health is socially shaped, can individuals truly be responsible for their own health outcomes?

This definitions are:

*Biomedical definition of health *- Health is understood as the absence of disease or physical dysfunction (Health = not sick)

Sociological definition of health - Health is shaped by social, cultural, and environmental factors, not just biology (Health = influenced by where and how you live)

WHO definition of health - Health is a complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease (Health = overall well-being)

How does acculturation affect behaviors such as diet, physical activity, and substance use in these Hispanics?

Why are HIV rates higher among certain racial, gender, and socioeconomic groups?

What groups of people are most affected by poor social determinants of health?

How do social factors like socioeconomic status and access to health care shape your health beyond biological causes?