COUNTY ATTORNEY: (as one turning from serious things to little pleasantries) Well ladies, have you decided whether she was going to quilt it or knot it?

MRS HALE: (jumping up) But, Mrs Peters—look at it! It's neck! Look at its neck!

SHERIFF: They wonder if she was going to quilt it or just knot it!

COUNTY ATTORNEY: No—it's not cheerful. I shouldn't say she had the homemaking instinct.

Well, women are used to worrying over trifles.

COUNTY ATTORNEY: (looking around) I guess we'll go upstairs first—and then out to the barn and around there, (to the SHERIFF) You're convinced that there was nothing important here—nothing that would point to any motive. SHERIFF: Nothing here but kitchen things.

COUNTY ATTORNEY: (rubbing his hands) This feels good. Come up to the fire, ladies. MRS PETERS: (after taking a step forward) I'm not—cold.

Hamlet switches between the two depending on the context

or is she exercising the most agency she can given her position

Is Hamlet actually mad (insane), or just pretending to be insane?

how he earned a living, when he moved from Stratford, or how he got his start in the theater.

William Shakespeare was probably born on about April 23, 1564

As an actor, a playwright, and a partner in a leading acting company

Shakespeare lived more than 400 years ago

How would you re-order this to be more comprehensible

iambic pentameter for the upper class

if Old English is Charmander, and contemporary English is Charizard, Early Modern English is like Charmeleon

Whan zephirus eek with his sweete breeth

So if it feels like you are reading a foreign language when reading Shakespeare or his contemporaries, you kind of are: Early Modern English.

So what is the best way to "read" a play?

Dialogue is comprised of the words directly spoken by characters,

actors reference lines

The acts are further divided into scenes.

the structure of a play can have profound effects on its meaning or even genre!

There is no one correct way to structure a drama

plot is the most important element in a narrative

This prakarana theatre is widely regarded to have begun the spread of drama in the East in the same way Greek drama spread through the West.

catharsis

drama originated in Greece as an evolution of religious ritual,

What strategies are available to the playwright

some plays have been based on novels, and novels on plays

drama—sometimes referred to as a play

Internal conflict takes place within an individual, such as when a character is torn between duty to his family and duty to the state. External conflict occurs when two individuals or groups of individuals clash. A struggle between a character and his best friend is an example of an external conflict.

How do writers of prose fiction make us respond to the imaginary people they create?

Why do you think this is?

How do writers of prose fiction make us respond to the imaginary people they create

The author’s style has to do with the author’s vocabulary, use of imagery, tone, or feeling of the story. It has to do with his attitude towards the subject. In some novels the tone can be ironic, humorous, cold, or dramatic.

The theme is the main idea, lesson, or message in the novel.

Conflict or tension is usually the heart of the novel and is related to the main character

Is the narrator the main character?

The plot is the main sequence of events that make up the story.

How does the time period affect the language, atmosphere, or social circumstances of th

Geography, weather, time of day, social conditions?

who, what, when, where, how?

you need to have a grasp of the basic elements of what you're reading. When

When we read critically or analytically, we might disregard character, plot, setting, and theme as surface elements of a text.

What does she mean by saying that “few people ask from books what books can give us”?

What is her advice about what to read?

the Stephen sisters were exposed to sexual advances by both Stella’s husband and their half-brother,

That response is shaped by our reaction to the interplay of various narrative elements,

they both will have to contribute for the reading experience to be a success

Literature became her refug

experience, interpretation, and evaluation

The ultimate reading experience comes as a result of the collaboration between the writer and the reader;

Novels are exciting machines (verbal machines)

raised the question of whether “bad” literature can still be readable

his will give the author a framework that will be historically correct while his character(s) are purely fictional;

So an author of fiction has to respect what these scholars have established as historical facts.

In today’s fiction it is seen as sign of an author’s versatility to be able to write both for children and for a grown-up audience.

have become classics of fantasy literature for children.

Science fiction literature revolves around science and technology that does not yet exist and may never exist

because being funny and serious at the same time is not easy.

Ridiculing certain characters or institutions is a skillful way of manipulating readers

it will take some reflection to understand its satirical nature.

It can be a striking tool to pinpoint and raise criticism against political practices or other official activities.

Number two – there must be a criminal, and number three – there must be someone who goes after him.

and describe it in an objective and unbiased manner.

A well-written satire will cunningly strip down a certain practice and make it come out as the folly it really is.

Unlike the short story, it is NOT short

the plot usually stretches over a relatively short time span, and will involve fewer characters than a novel.

Did your own answers to the question of why we read touch on any of the reasons DiYanni gives?

What do we hope to gain from reading stories about imagined events that happen to imaginar

fiction is not true

How we read is dictated largely by the experiences and contexts we each of us bring to a particular text,

you need to always keep in mind the question of why you think writers use particular narrative strategies

Fiction writers are not constrained by reality in the same way that creative nonfiction authors might be. They are only bound by the limits of their imaginations.

Fiction writers are not constrained by the truth in this way

Finally, you must examine theme in your basic analysis of literature

So, how do we apply this to reading?

but it can also present a slightly biased story.

the narrator and author are different.

The narrator, or the person telling the story, is one of the most important aspects of a text.

Did you feel that setting was clearly very important here?

Mood is the feeling we get from a story; tone is a way of getting that feeling across.)

Animal

Vehicle

Food

accomplish chaos, panic, fear, shock, terror, death?

word order affects the poem.

concrete

Your voice

How can you best bring out these poetic features?

Yet the poem seeks to speak to a reader as if it had a body.

what is it that makes someone a good listener?

what makes someone a “bad listener”? How can we relate these concepts to reading a poem?

without projecting our own assumed meanings onto it

Does it make any sense or is it just words and changing imagery?

What do you make of the imagery of Dylan’s “Mr. Tambourine Man”? What do you associate with it? What is the singer asking for?

diamond sky

Leonard Cohen had studied poetry and was more conscious about his poetic project

Bob Dylan did not set out to be a poet; his ambition was to become a folk singer in the tradition of Woody Guthrie

His ambition was to make a living out of his talent for writing.

Like many of the modernist artists, Cohen and Dylan were more into their art than what was going on around them

Dylan’s rich imagery and often surreal texts and Cohen’s silent and sharp poetic observations certainly were, and still are, read and listened to by an increasing audience all over the world

Musicians have been bringing poetry to a mass audience who might not listen to or read poetry.

How would you describe the rhyme scheme, and does it seem appropriate for the subject matter?

What is the poem about, and how does the rhyme contribute to the meaning and overall effect?

Turn to the entire Levine poem "They Feed They Lion" and perform a close reading with your ears. Note places of assonance and rhyme. How do these patterns affect your reading of the poem?

weak and weary,

Whistling their whims on a low fence-wire;

How would you describe the imagery, and what does it contribute to

And swallows circling with their shimmering sound;

What is the single most striking technique used, and what are the effects?

no need to feel that you must try to remember all the technical terms in poetry.

identify why the rhythm is appropriate to the meaning.

mark of what poetry actually is

How is chaos a pinch of joy, a bit of screaming?

a candied apple’s like a heartache

Music’s a bomb of feathers

A star is fire and flower.

Chaos is a pinch of joy, a bit of screaming

meaning and poetry is metaphor

creative writing is the language of image

What types of interpretations does this image invite?

The Last Duchess (1842)

Is the speaker in a poem one and the same as the writer?

How Much Is This Poem Going to Cost Me?

Girl Friend Poem #3

Pissing Off the Back of the Boat into the Nivernais Canal

Wishes for Sons

Happines

Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening

Choose a poem from the Poetry Foundation’s featured poems and look again at Edward Hirsh’s definition of poem. How does this poem typify his explanation? Are there any ways in which it does not? Write a short response (300 words or less) explaining how you see your selected poem in relation to Hirsch’s definitio

There is always something mysterious and inexplicable in a poem

the arrangement of words

f we think of literature as its own world, it may help to think of genres more as regions with open borders

Now what exactly do those lines mean

All of these seemingly small details can hold big implications!

What if literature isn't dead after all...but thriving more than ever

Answer