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  1. Last 7 days
    1. One famous example of reducing friction was the invention of infinite scroll. When trying to view results from a search, or look through social media posts, you could only view a few at a time, and to see more you had to press a button to see the next “page” of results. This is how both Google search and Amazon search work at the time this is written. In 2006, Aza Raskin invented infinite scroll, where you can scroll to the bottom of the current results, and new results will get automatically filled in below. Most social media sites now use this, so you can then scroll forever and never hit an obstacle or friction as you endlessly look at social media posts. Aza Raskin regrets what infinite scroll has done to make it harder for users to break away from looking at social media sites.

      From the perspective of the social media companies, I can see why they'd add the infinite scroll to their apps. It keeps the users from leaving the app and allows them to engage with more content- watch more ads, etc. But as a user I find the infinite scroll to be incredibly harmful, especially to children and mentally ill people. When you're stuck in a scolling-trance, it can be hard to stop, and before you know it you've spent the entirety of your day scrolling on TikTok. One can become addicted to their phone, and although the health affects social media has done to people isn't that well studied- it's easy to tell that long-term use of one's phone can negatively impact their health.

    2. Sometimes designers add friction to sites intentionally. For example, ads in mobile games make the “x” you need to press incredibly small and hard to press to make it harder to leave their ad:

      As a design major I've encountered so many app interfaces that intentionally guide the user to a place on their app just to influence them to use a new feature or to click on an ad. One of the biggest ones I can think of is Spotify- and how they recently moved the tab for 'My Library' and added a 'Create' tab in its place. Replacing icons that they know users often visit (so much so its like muscle memory) tricks the user into clicking on a feature they didn't mean to. Instagram is also notorious for doing this.

  2. Jan 2026
    1. Dates turn out to be one of the trickier data types to work with in practice. One of the main reasons for this is that what time or day it depends on what time zone you are in. So, for example, when Twitter tells me that the tweet was posted on Feb 10, 2020, does it mean Feb 10 for me? Or for the person who posted it? Those might not be the same. Or if I want to see for a given account, how much they tweeted “yesterday,” what do I mean by “yesterday?” We might be in different time zones and have different start and end times for what we each call “yesterday.”

      I notice this sort of glitch sometimes when I'm using the app BeReal. When the notification goes off for everyone at the same time (no matter what time zone you are), the way the content is displayed to you is based entirely on what country you're currently in. Example- I have a friend who was visiting South Korea, and when the notification went off for us to take a photo through the app, it indicated that hers was 17 hours late. Interesting how there's a lack of solutions when technology has advanced so fast.

    2. In addition to the main components of the images, sound, and video data, this information is often stored with metadata, such as: The time the image/sound/video was created The location where the image/sound/video was taken The type of camera or recording device used to create the image/sound/video etc.

      I find it so intriguing that, by simply posting a photo or tweet, a platform can gather immense amounts of data from the user. This type of data (metadata) is typically accessible to those who know their way around a computer, and one can assume how dangerous it can be when given to the wrong people.

    1. Copy to clipboard If you run the code above you will see that the program pauses as it displays the output above. These pauses may come in handy when posting tweets, to make it look like your bot is taking time to type in the text. You will get a chance to try that in the next practice section.

      I always wondered how programmers would create these sorts of commands, and it's cool to know that it's done with simple commands like these! I was also not previously aware that to display something on a screen, you have to use the command 'display'. I previously thought that 'print' was the main form to do so.

    1. We also would like to point out that there are fake bots as well, that is real people pretending their work is the result of a Bot. For example, TikTok user Curt Skelton posted a video claiming that he was actually an AI-generated / deepfake character:

      As someone who's majoring in a creative field, I find it both incredibly interesting and concerning just how advanced AI is getting, and where this rapid innovation will take us in just a few years. It's so jarring to be watching a video on Tiktok or Instagram and fully believe it to be completely real, just to feel the need to dissect the video to see if it's really real. I can't begin to imagine how the job industry will change due to AI, but with innovation there (hopefully) comes opportunity.**

    1. Something is right or wrong because God(s) said so. Euthyphro Dilemma: “Is the pious [action] loved by the gods because it is pious, or is it pious because it is loved by the gods?” (Socrates, 400s BCE Greece) If the gods love an action because it is morally good, then it is good because it follows some other ethics framework. If we can figure out which ethics framework the gods are using, then we can just apply that one ourselves without the gods. If, on the other hand, an action is morally good because it is loved by the gods, then it doesn’t matter whether it makes sense under any ethics framework, and it is pointless to use ethics frameworks.1

      As someone who grew up in a religious household, I often asked questions challenging this theory. It's interesting to think about what could be reprimanded or praised by your god(s)/religious circle, as long as it was written into the guidelines in a scripture or reading. Additionally, I do think that this thinking is dangerous, as it opens up the possibility for people within the religion to misinterpret or maliciously translate certain texts to push negative propaganda to a group of people, and the possibility of mistranslation is incredibly high as most of these texts were written hundreds of years ago.

    1. We also see this phrase used to say that things seen on social media are not authentic, but are manipulated, such as people only posting their good news and not bad news, or people using photo manipulation software to change how they look

      I think this is an interesting concept to think about, as we are usually conditioned to think that the internet "isn't real", that most things online are fabricated, exaggerated, etc. However, I do think that just because this is common online, it's not to say that "real life" is a place where everyone is completely authentic and themselves, as some people may feel that they only want to share the good parts of their lives with their friends or family, while keeping anything that wouldn't be considered "good" to themselves, and vice versa. I do think it's hasty to say that all that we see on social media "is not real", as there are plenty of real people behind each account, but we must consider that because people are able to be behind potentially anonymous accounts, it is much easier to fabricate stories or life experiences, or to center one's entire online presence around a portion of their life they want the internet to see, essentially artificially creating an online persona that is not reflective of who they are in real life.