The disconnect between these two estimates ofhypothesis-conclusion error
I feel like it would be beneficial to have a scientist that was not working on the project to make the conclusion based on the data documented. Someone will always see what they want to see but if an outsider comes in there is no way to have a bias conclusion.
ncreasingly, conservation practitioners try toprovide incentives to individuals and usergroups to prevent the degradation of biodiver-sity. These incentives lie on a spectrum fromindirect to direct with respect to their linkwith conservation objectives
I found this concept to be interesting and wanted to look more into this. Here is a link that I found through the National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition https://sustainableagriculture.net/publications/grassrootsguide/conservation-environment/environmental-quality-incentives-program/#:~:text=The%20Environmental%20Quality%20Incentives%20Program,practices%20on%20working%20agricultural%20land. This outlines where this program is in affect, the basics of the program, and eligibility for the program.
The much contestedrelationship between parks and people will con-tinue to stimulate both better analysis of the real-ity of such conflict, and provoke the design ofinnovative approaches for reconciliation betweenhuman needs and biodiversity conservation
I feel we need to have parks for people to enjoy. This brings a person closer to the land which could result in the person getting protective over how to treat it in order to protect it for use in years to come. This might take a toll on the land and animals that use it but if we can get more people to connect and wanting to protect the land they use I think it is a win.
Some worry that co-management andconsideration of local concerns are dangerous,over-riding the maintenance of biodiversity,whereas others call for increased equity for indig-enous and local communities
If the government is co-managing with local efforts the government should take what these locals are saying, make a financial budget, and go with it. They are not the professionals in this scenario they are there to discuss the importance based on facts and other matters at hand.
Biodiversity conservation and local resource use:in what ways do we conserve our environments?
Out of all 50 states NH is the in the top 15 for protecting the most amount of land for wildlife (~25%) found at https://stacker.com/stories/1614/states-are-conserving-most-land. I also looking into conservation efforts in NH and found this great website of the layout what the state is doing and how much funding they have for these efforts. https://stacker.com/stories/1614/states-are-conserving-most-land
agroforestry systems con-sistently hosted more than two-thirds of the spe-cies found in reserves
With agroforestry playing such a significant roll in the amount of species I wanted to know what specific rolls New England played and ended up finding this great site through the USDA. https://www.fs.usda.gov/nac/practices/conservation-practice-standards.shtml
How large a role endocrine disruption plays inbiodiversity declines isn’t yet clear, because fewconservation biologists have included thesemechanisms in the suite of hypotheses theirstudies are designed to test
I found this to be very interesting and done some further digging. I came across a thesis from a student at Colby College from 2016 looking into the impact EDC's have on wildlife here is the link. https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1839&context=honorstheses
The ESA, however, is notably vague in definingwhat constitutes a species at risk of extinction
With the ESA being "vague" about was is considered endangered who makes that call? Is it on the state level where they have their own set of guide lines?
Fish and Wildlife Service
When fish are added to the endangered species list besides not being able to fish for them what changes? Will Fish and Wildlife Services check for pollution in the water that the fish life and have pollution laws change. For example if salt runoff from the roads is changing the pH balance in the pond where this fish lives will less salt be distributed to the area or a barrier be put up to stop the salt from entering the pond?
there are now 104791 protected areas worldwide covering 12% ofthe world’s land area
As for the remaining 88% of the worlds land area, what percentage have certain regulations? ie wildlife conservation parks, bans on dishwasher disposal, bodies of water you are not aloud to swim in ect. I learned about some towns/cities banning disposals not too long and fount it to be quite interesting here is a link to check out! https://www.cleanweb.co/2018/10/29/are-garbage-disposals-bad-for-the-environment/
The bulkof these resources are invested through multilat-eral agencies
Are there stipulations that come with these resources to the agencies so do they disperse them as they see fit? I feel that there should be certain requirements put in place such as a ranking of what is in need the most with each agency covering a different sector in conservation.
They predicted that1700 speciesof birds should be lost eventually.
This best-case scenario still seems pretty tragic and this is just for bird species. I am noticing more and more houses or housing complexes are going up in my area which is only having this future loss come sooner. I think that the human population is starting to get to a place where the earth can no longer uphold. I have no solution for this but do think that if we are going to continue to be greedy with what our house(s) look like and how large they are our planet will start to die. Tiny homes lifestyle should takeover!
Figure 10.8
Looking at the species richness it seams as if the farther away from North and South America the more organisms there are. We do not have as many coral reefs as other parts of the earth but we still have lower species living in our reefs. This could be due to our fishing habits or how we treat the ocean like a dumping ground. Here is a website that shows where coral reefs are located: https://www.coastsandreefs.net/bio/coral_reefs.php
In 1953, the study areacontained 372fire scars with a mean area of 34ha, while in 1986, the same area contained a sin-glefire scar, covering an area of 32 000 ha
This made me think about how have wildfires evolved? this statement makes it sound like wildfires have decreased, unfortunately they have been on the rise since at lease the 80's. This can be caused by lack of moisture in the land, how complex the community is, how close each plant is to one an other, and the rate of evaporation.
While theinvasive grasses recover rapidly from thesefiresvia regeneration from underground buds orseeds, woody plants tend to decrease inabundance
Would areas that have more invasive species have a greater number of wild fires than those areas that have native species?
terrestrial ecosystems can be restored, a substantialamount of carbon could be withdrawn from theatmosphere rather than lingering for a hundred toa thousand years.
I was intrigued by this statement and asked myself "how?" well here is a website that shares 6 ways how on to remove the carbon from the atmosphere. https://www.wri.org/blog/2020/06/6-ways-remove-carbon-pollution-sky
Coral reefs around theglobe are threatened (Pandolfiet al.2003). It ishard to envision a reasonable future for tropicalcoral reefs and the diversity of marine life theysupport.
With the amount of sea life that lives in the coral reefs we should be preventing changes in the ocean environment first due to the huge affect it has on climate. The reflection of radiation needs to increase; the lighter/cleaner the ocean the less amount of absorption of the sun which will help keep the oceans cooler.
If eradication is not an option, many available tech-nologies may limit populations of invasive speciesso that damage is minimized
I spent many summers up at Lake Winnipesaukee and our camp owners would rake a certain part of the sand in the water each week to be sure it was clear of any aquatic plants. This is a way to keep some away from a certain area but it clearly would be difficult the deeper the water gets.
Keeping them out
In NH a few years back there was a regulation that the bottom of your boats and trailers needed to be completely clear of any seaweed or other water living plants when putting then in for the season because of the invasion of many species. Here is a website that goes into greater detail: https://www.nhpr.org/post/nh-boaters-beware-new-law-ward-invasive-aquatic-species#stream/0
the probability of effective dispersal of large-seeded endozoochorous plants can decline byover 60% compared to non-hunted forests
I am not a hunting type of person and my diet reflects that as well, but there needs to be greater regulations on all hunting. I know that there are seasons for certain types of animals and I've heard in the past there has been a "cap" at how many you can kill. With that said has there been a time were they canceled a season because the population of the species decreased significantly? There should also be a greater number of fish and game officers where there are endangered or soon to be endangered animals to protect those left.
80% of the global catch comes from only~20% of the area
This statement really shows that our hope to keep the world functioning and clean is with the ocean. There needs to be greater regulations on corporations world wide with the pollution of oceans. I wanted a video not too long ago from India and they dump truckloads of trash in a local river. I have attached it here : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XeDY3I841q0
There also is much variation in the structureof subdivided populations depending on thefrequency of movements between them
Does subdivision of populations have anything to do with when there is a population in NH of a certain species and then in CA there is another population of the same species or does it have more to do with the difference of the species (ie. one species have webbed feet while the other does not)?
Conservation managers cannot assume thatspecies currently present in fragmentedlandscapes will persist there.
Are there laws in place to protect the land from conservationist where they cannot go too far due to greater destruction of the land/habitats/species or is it left up to them because they are the experts? I ask because some could get too carried away on one goal but at the same time risking more than they should.
old-growth to timber-production for-ests
Is there evidence to show that these forests are switching over to a boreal ecosystem, even though there is no cold weather there is a constant disturbance?
increased edge effects,
I wanted to know more about edge effects so when I Googled it the first thing that popped up was the positives about increasing edge effects and how it adds biodiversity. In this sentence they are referring as a negative. Obviously thing change with the way you look at that but this sounds more negative than positive to be because it is changing the indigenous plants/organisms to the area.
positive feedback loop
I learned about this in A&P and this is one of the more complicated loops because homeostasis in nearly impossible to reach. A positive feedback loop just keeps feeding off of each other resulting in a no so favoring outcome. An example of this would be anger in a crowd gathering, people are more apt to show their anger when others are also.
Oxygen also enables the atmo-sphere to“clean”itself via the oxidation ofcompounds such as carbon monoxide (Sodhiet al.2007) and another form of oxygen in theozone layer, protects life from the sun’s carcino-genic, ultraviolet (UV) rays.
I never put this together that oxygen "cleans"the atmosphere but after reading it, it makes so much sense. I now find this fact to be so intriguing. The earth is constantly taking care of us and we are constantly destroying it. If we stopped adding so much pollution to the air alone we could have a dramatic decrease is diseases like cancer.
it is critical tounderstand which species will survive humanonslaught and which will not.
This statement here really should get those in power thinking of how their generation had an impact on what their ancestors will have to clean up or if we can even repair the damage that is done to so many species. There should be so many more eco laws put in place such as emission regulations for major plants.
Organismal diversity is better documented andoften more readily estimated than is genetic diver-sity, and morefinely and consistently resolvedthan much of ecological diversity.
I find it ironic that the more physical aspects are documented better than the more scientific part of the exploration of different organisms. I could understand having to be more specific to help other epidemiologist identify what they are looking at but the DNA is more accurate.
Conservation biology was a“value-laden”fieldadhering to explicit ethical norms, yet sought toadvance conservation through careful scientificanalysis (Barry and Oelschlager 1996).
This is the prim example of just keep pushing through. The more this gets out to the public the more people will make even subtle changes to move conservation in the right direction.
the Exxon Valdez oil spill andits aftermath put pollution threats and energypolicies on the front page; the anti-environmental,anti-regulatory“Wise Use”movement gained inpolitical power and influence
It is sad that it takes a dramatic event and loss of life to get people thinking of what truly matters in this world. It is even more sad that it still happens today. The US as a whole still has a hard time looking into the future to see the damage they are causing.