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    1. More precisely, each variety may differ in its phonetic implementation rules, phonology, lexical items or semantics, morphology, syntax, and the pragmatic functions of discourse markers or syntactic structures.

      Dialects still build on it's base language, so being able to use certain dialects instead of SE in certain scenarios isn't a crazy idea.

    2. Because dialect boundaries are fuzzy, contiguous regional dialects may form dialect chains. Within the chain, two adjacent dialects will display greater similarity than two dialects that exist at a distance from one another.

      Dialects can be very widespread, or can be very short spread, like a friend group's way of speaking is technically considered a dialect.

    3. Qualitative and quantitative dialect differences may map onto groups defined by geographical regions or by social characteristics.

      AAVE in the south sounds much different than how is sounds in the west. That is why when people use an artificial dialect, it is easy to notice.

    4. Most speakers of English will sometimes pronounce the initial consonant as a fricative [ð] and sometimes as a stop [d]. This alternation between [ð] and [d] can be quantified. In turn, the frequencies with which individuals say [ð] versus [d] may correlate to categories of identity, such as age, gender, class, or ethnicity. Alternating forms, like [ð] ~ [d], are called variants of a sociolinguistic variable.

      There are usually patterns to dialects.

    5. A dialect is often identified as a variety of a language spoken by a group of people.

      For example, AAVE is a dialect of English. Online/Texting language is also a dialect of English.

    1. In order to truly engage students’ dynamic idiolects inthe literacy classroom where texts remain relatively staticentities, reading research and instruction can explore theways in which languagers bring themselves into the compre-hension process by providing languaging opportunities withothers in relation to text and in the service of comprehen-sion. Figure 3 reflects one such configuration at the smallgroup level.

      This is why discussion is so important because it can bring together and widen views.

    2. Even when a reader encounters text that might be moreopaque to the reader (i.e., less linguistic awareness to drawon), they must still make sense of it,

      Even if everything was in SE, people could still interpret it differently based on their background.

    3. Building on the idea oflaminated identity (Holland & Leander, 2004) where differ-ent identities can “retain some of their original distinctive-ness” (p. 13) or “thicken” through multiple interactions,linguistic laminating is the layering or building of one’sidiolect vis-a-vis interactions with other languagers orprinted language

      This is what happens through your day to day life, and is why you speak like you do.

    4. In other words, when two languagers commu-nicate, Languager A (La) will intentionally use linguistic fea-tures (e.g., vocabulary, grammar) that they assume are high“quality” with Languager B (Lb).

      These are the fundamentals of Code Meshing.

    5. The term reflects theunique linguistic repertoires upon which the languagerdraws, how they interpret input from other languagers

      How each person understands language based on their upbringing and background.