15 Matching Annotations
  1. Nov 2025
    1. The Education Department initially assigned him to a middle school in East Flatbush. But Mr.Hochbaum, his lawyer, said that T.J. would be the only student in his class with an intellectualdisability and that the school’s curriculum was not a good match for his needs. The school is also partof the city’s Renewal and Rise program for struggling schools. In the 2017-18 school year, 13 percent ofits students passed the state math test and 28 percent scored as proficient in reading.

      Over time, families who have money and time can sue the district and move their kids to private schools, while families without resources have to stay in under-resourced schools. This makes the gap between public schools and social classes even bigger.

    1. Teacher perceptions are important because they may not only contribute to the disproportionateidentification of students of color in special education but also prevent students with learningdisabilities from getting the education they deserve after they are identified. These outcomes couldoccur as a result of the lower expectations teachers may hold for the behavior and achievement ofstudents of color.

      From a social point of view, I think this issue goes beyond just individual teachers. Our whole society has long-standing stereotypes about race, behavior, and ability, and these ideas quietly shape how people see students before they even get to know them. So when a teacher misidentifies a student of color or sets lower expectations, it’s not always coming from personal intention but from the social messages they’ve absorbed.

    1. How might school structures and pedagogical approaches change so that she is not so uncomfortably positioned?

      I think the best way is actually not to tell other students or even most teachers that she has any special needs. Instead, the school can assign one coordinator who quietly supports her in the classes where she might need extra help. I’ve always believed that people learn best from people, not from systems or labels. Even a child with special needs still has to learn how to interact with others, and the more normal the environment feels, the easier it is for her to build those skills.

    2. The terms we use also need to be interrogated. For example, Swedish educators refer to a child with disabilities as being "in need of special support" putting the emphasis on environmental needs, whereas in the U.S.

      One example that happened around me was when I was coaching after-school sports for elementary and kindergarten students. There was one kid who got really discouraged whenever he didn’t perform well. I didn’t think too much about it and just kept encouraging him like I would with any other student. But later, when I was putting the equipment away, another coach told me that the kid had special needs and was on the autism spectrum. I didn’t ask for this information, but once I heard it, I couldn’t unhear it. After that, even if I tried to act the same, the thought that “he is a special-needs student” would always pop up in my mind. And then I started worrying—if I spend too much extra time helping him, what about the other kids?

    1. If sex-education has long been accepted by parentsand administrators, what’s stopping schools from including the LGBTQ+ dialogue in the classcurriculum? Perhaps the idea of sex-education only caters to cisgender and heterosexualaudiences. It’s okay for discourses regarding male and female genitalia to pervade classdiscussions, or for students to snide and chuckle whenever pictures of condoms appear on theprojector screen; but it’s not okay if a student wishes to understand why his male classmate iswearing a skirt in class, or why his female peer cut her hair short, or why he feels attracted to theboy sitting next to him at lunch.

      It feels like many arguments about what is age-appropriate are not really about protecting children. They often come from adults who are uncomfortable with topics they do not understand. Schools can freely talk about male and female bodies in sex education and even show condoms in class, but the moment anything related to LGBTQ+ comes up, it suddenly becomes inappropriate.

    2. Many Asian parents, most especially those who rear their children to be academically successful,tend to label “dating” and “romantic relationships” in school as distractions that could preventtheir child from studying effectively. In today's media, we see how “Tiger Parents” are portrayedin Asian-American film and television, mothers and fathers who demand nothing from theirchildren aside from good grades, a guaranteed pathway to a top-notch university, and a one-wayticket to a high-paying career.

      For me, my parents always felt that anything I did other than studying was a waste of time. Even when I dyed my hair in high school, I didn’t dare tell my dad because I knew he would think it was meaningless and distracting. When I think about this now, I honestly can’t imagine how he would react if my identity or orientation were LGBTQ+. And the crazy thing is, my parents are already considered pretty open-minded compared to a lot of Asian parents.

    3. t’s difficult enough to be diagnosed with ADHD or social anxiety in middle-school. Youcould be the most heterosexual person out there with some minor health complications andpeople will still harass you; what more if they found out you were gay? Nowadays LGBTQ+students face the challenge of “coming-out” in a heteronormative world.

      From my own experience, a lot of things only start to feel “different” after other people point them out. When you’re just interacting with someone who has bipolar disorder or autism, you might notice that they act in a way that’s not typical, but you usually just adjust how you get along with them and it’s fine. There isn’t anything “wrong.” But once other classmates start saying that this person has a certain disorder or that their orientation is “weird,” you slowly get influenced. Something that was originally just unfamiliar becomes something you start to judge, and without even noticing it, you also begin to look at that person through a tinted lens.

    1. Given that same-sex marriage is now legal, schools need to be moreresponsive to this historic time for the growth-and public representation-of families who are either LGBTQ headed or actively involved in ensuringthat schools respectfully educate their LGBTQ children. Difficulties remainfor parents who may not he easily recognized as parents, whether they aresame-sex or appear to be racially or ethnically different from their children.

      One time when I was filling out my Social Security application, I noticed something that felt a bit off. The form asked for “Parent” information, and then gave two boxes—one labeled “Father” and the other “Mother.” I didn’t think much of it at first, but later I started to wonder. What if someone has two moms? Or what if they don’t know who their biological parents are? How would they fill that out?

    2. A year after her killing, the school district that refusedto have a moment of silence for her immediately after her murder allowedthe anniversary to be acknowledged by having a "No Name Calling Day"(Smothers, 2004 ). It is important to understand that homophobic violenceand the potential for harassment do structure the lives of sexual minorities.But the understanding of their identities, of the places to go to find commu-nities that support their gender and sexual identities, and of their ability toexpress their identities-even in challenging situations-demonstrates thatsexual and gender minority youth like Gunn are actively and creatively in-volved in making their lives and corrimunities

      To be honest, I keep wondering if she wasn’t a lesbian, would the school have acted differently? Would they have held a memorial for her right away or shown more sympathy from the start? Part of me feels like they probably would have. It’s sad to say, but sometimes it feels like people only show respect when the victim fits into what they see as “normal.” That double standard is exactly what makes LGBTQ+ students feel invisible or unimportant.

    3. It is racism that animates transphobia and homophobia as seen in the increas-ingly violent iterations of violence toward trans'} people of color. Brown trans*bodies are a threat to racialized, sexualized, and gendered dominance. These bod-ies are simultaneously much too seen and not seen at all. Moreover, racialized,sexualized, and gendered violence, as an instrument of sociopolitical terrorismand control, has been increasingly normalized so that the policing, punishment,and subjugation of certain bodies (namely racialized and gendered bodies) gounnoticed.

      I think one of the reasons homophobia persists today is not necessarily because people are against LGBTQ+ identities, but because of how identity politics sometimes shapes public discourse. For example, in the film industry, when a highly anticipated project is handled by LGBTQ+ directors, writers, or cinematographers and the final result doesn't meet public expectations, any criticism toward the work is sometimes labeled as homophobic. However, people rarely ask whether the criticism is about the quality of the work rather than the creator’s identity. In many other cases, straight directors also receive harsh critiques without their identity being part of the conversation. As a result, some neutral audiences feel silenced or unfairly accused, which creates resentment and eventually contributes to homophobia—not out of hate, but out of frustration with not being able to express honest opinions freely. I believe this is a misunderstanding rooted in overprotectiveness and a lack of space for dialogue.

    4. Me~bers o[ school communities may believe that sexuality is not anappropriate topic for young people. However, there are significant numbersof LGBTQ and ally students in schools, as well as significant numbers ofsexually aware heterosexual students. Ignoring the issue of sexuality meansneglecting to provide LGBTQ students with representations of themselvesthat enable them to understand themselves, and to provide examples ofways to counter bias and work toward respect for those who initially maynot be willing to respect LGBTQ students. Many LGBTQ students reporthearing insulting words on a daily basis. According to the 2019 NationalSchool Climate Survey of the Gay, Lesbian & Straight Education Network(GLSEN), three quarters of students reported hearing derogatory languagesuch as "faggot" and "dyke" (Kosciw et al., 2020).

      In 2019, I was still in middle school in China. That year, I saw how hard it was for classmates who didn’t fit the “normal” expectations of gender and sexuality. I remember one boy who performed a Blackpink dance during an event—he danced with so much emotion and confidence, but a lot of people laughed at him or called him names. At the time, I didn’t really understand him either. But as I grew older and met more people from the LGBTQ+ community, I started to understand their experiences and slowly began to accept them.

    1. This narrative may trouble the idea that transgen<ler people choosetheir gender for only one reason or that inevitably they must subscribe to thefeeli_n~of being trapped in the wrong body, rather than literally embodyinga crmque of the g_ender they were born into.

      With the fast growth of the internet, online communities easily form their own circles and often define themselves by opposing other circles. This makes the narratives around gender even more amplified. Biological sex is something we are born with, but identity and self-understanding come from personal experience and practice. Society usually does not care about the reasons behind someone’s identity; it only reacts to the result. When people do not accept the way someone understands themselves, they often respond with judgment or hostility, which creates even more division.

    2. Some people, including school professionals, root their beliefs aboutgender norms or the inappropriateness of homosexuality in their culturalbackground or religious tradition. Cultural beliefs and religious texts of-ten are interpreted to mean that LGBTQ people are aberrant, sinful, or atthe very least unacceptable

      I think it is important to remember that religion and culture are not fixed. They have changed across history and will continue to change as society develops. Many ideas that were once seen as absolute were later reinterpreted or replaced. So when some people use tradition to justify strict beliefs about gender or sexuality, they may be holding on to only one version of that tradition. If we look at the past, we can see that many cultures and even some religious communities once accepted more diverse gender roles.

    3. Transgender students themselves also may feel pres-sured to conform to the gender binary, hiding their birth gender or deciJingto be as gender normative in their chosen gender as possible so as not toraise any suspicions

      I am curious about how norms will change in the future. For a long time society has created fixed expectations for men and women and these ideas became so common that people often forget they are learned. As transgender people become more visible and more accepted I wonder if new expectations will slowly form around them too. It is possible that society will start creating its own image of what a transgender person should look like act like or live like even though the whole point of acceptance is to allow people to live freely. I think this shows how important it is to stay aware of how norms form so we do not turn one kind of freedom into another kind of pressure.

    4. Heterosexism and heteronormativity, the beliefs and social practicesthat maintain the dominance of heterosexuality over other forms of sexu-ality, rely on a stable conception of binary genders. Men have to act inaccordance with norms regulating masculinity, and women nee<l to be femi-nine, not only in order for their genders to be legible in expected ways butalso to justify the "opposites attract" version of heterosexuality. Gen<lerand sexuality, then, sort out who is "normal," and the categories providenorms that interact with one another. People of all sexualities and gendersexperience these social pressures to conform, whether they actively try toconform or they are nonconformist or they don't even know they are tryingto conform. In other words, gender and sexuality are categories by whichlife in schools and elsewhere is organized, and understanding those normsframes everyone's experience even if they are involved in critiquing thosenorms. Gender nonconformity and sexual minority status may be linked byschool peers inaccurately, exacerbating the harassment transgender youthface (D' Augelli et al., 2006). Moreover, LGBTQ students themselves mayexpress their identities through both gender and sexuality, so even tryingto define what each term means may not fully explain how deeply they arelinked (Hereth et al., 2020)

      This social consensus was formed over a long period of time. Early societies viewed heterosexual marriage as the basis for survival and continuation. Later, religion, law, and education reinforced this idea, shaping clear expectations for how men and women should behave. Media and cultural messages kept repeating these images, making people believe this is the norm. Although modern society is becoming more open and diverse, these frameworks still exist, only in more subtle ways within daily communication and thinking. New habits, ideas, values, and even technologies all take time to move from being questioned to being accepted and finally recognized. The world keeps moving forward, but it always takes time for people to truly adapt and accept change.