Haida was divided into three shamanistic zones: the sky world, the earth, and the oceanic underworld. The building’s frame system consisted of massive roof beams, often more than half a meter in diameter and spanning the width of the house, which ranged from 7.5 to 15 meters. These beams were supported by posts carved to represent important family ancestors or supernatural beings associated with the family’s history. Walls were clad with split-cedar planks tied horizontally between paired upright poles.It was not just rivers and shores that attracted human habitation to make the first settled communities, but also the emerging great rain forests. The Bambuti in Congo still today pay homage to a forest spirit, Jengi, whose power is thought to emanate through the world. Jengi is seen as a parental figure and guardian. Society is organized around individual households consisting of a husband, a wife, and their children, forming settlements that can number up to about fifty residents. The women build the huts that, in the shape of upside-down baskets, are made out of a frame of saplings and clad with leaves. Other rain forest cultures developed in Brazil, Central America, and Southeast Asia.Beginning around 10,000 bce in some places, the great First Society traditions that had sustained human life for so long began to change. Instead of hunting animals, humans began to herd them, and instead of gathering and tending plants, they began to domesticate a few chosen plants and grow them in organized fields.

For mos h · 1 h h b' 1 . . t the eastern savanna s, as previous y t oug t: our 10 og1cal b t not ius h f u ere distributed everyw ere rom Morocco to the Cape.3 ncestors w . d . l d f a . f · those populations remame 1so ate rom each another for Some O en hundreds of thousands of years, cut off from their nearest tens or ev . by deserts and rainforests. Strong regional traits developed.4 relanves · The result probably would. have. struck a m~dern_ observer as some-hin more akin to a world mhab1ted by hobb1ts, giants and elves than :n:hing ;e have direct experience of today, or in the more recent St Those elements that make·up modern humans -