"imperialize" -that is, to extend its power far beyond the immediate conditions of those who know it experientially rather than representationally.
For something to be imperialized, it has to extend beyond racial, gender, and religious barriers? One life experience doesn't register with everyone.
A culture of power is a culture of representation.
I agree completely with this statement and it makes me think of hegemony and the bourgeois people. When you look at specific institutions of power like presidents, prime ministers, and royals, they have a lot of persuasion and represent a mass of people.
uccessful shows like Jersey Shore and Here Comes Honey Boo Boo promise to catapult cast members into disposable celebrities who can capitalize on the perfor-mance of working-class cultural codes, however ridiculed or stereotyped
It is amazing how the internet can catapult various characters and cast members into stardom. Danielle Bregoli from Dr. Phill became famous from a meme, Jersey Shore has had multiple spin-offs, and the Kardashians are Reality TV royalty who have built a huge empire.
ordinary celebrity” associated with reality television
Is this talking about when the give celebrities a reality television show to show the public that they are just ordinary people? Or just reality tv in general showing ordinary people doing daily activities?
TLC was eager for more popular programming that highlighted the cultural “difference” of the white working class
Why did they only want the "white working class"?
burgeoning slice of reality entertainment revolving around the intimate lives, and lifestyles, of under-represented or marginalized groups
I think the fact that they are underrepresented makes people want to watch them and see how they live. I watched Breaking Amish because I didn't know much about the community and thought it would be a good starting point that is easy to digest. Same with Little People Big World and My Big fat Gypsy Wedding. The drama was what kept me tuned in.
reenactments of events, performed by professional actors, or by the people who experienced them, or a mix of both;
There was an episode of Keeping up with the Kardashians around the time of Kim's divorce to Kris Humphries. Cameras weren't there when she admitted she didn't want to be married anymore and they reshot it in the back of a car. The only reason this was found out was becasue there were paparazzi photos of her wearing the outfit in the car that was taken monts after the divorce had already begun.
rely on professional camera crews and actors maneuvering nonprofessional performers into embarrassing
Makes me think of this show called UnReal where it shows the production that potentially goes into a reality tv show. The show they work on is like a Bachelor/Bachelorette style series.
Producers of Reali-TV, particularly of the crime-time/ emergency shows and home and hidden-video programs, led a wider industry move toward using nonunion, freelance production crews.
Neoliberalism in reality TV, they want more privatization and deregulation when working on a show.
Economically, the genre fit the needs of producers and distributors alike for cheaper programming.
Reality TV shows have low production costs since they film on location and don't have to pay the cast nearly as much as they would have to on any other genre of television.
add the element of competition for money and prizes
Would that give these kind of shows a neoliberalistic view since the actions are self interested for economic gain?
Americans, of course, had no idea that any of this was brewing. The dots were never connected for them publicly; thus, in turn, there was no groundswell for public diplomacy against the trend, no concerted suggestion that we were allow-ing a new strategic threat to gain cohesion, size, and ideology.
It scares me when I think about how much is actually being hidden away from the public. I feel like news reporting is a way to show what is happening without revealing the ugly truth. I do always enjoy that groundbreaking journalism that uncovers something crazy.
The military embraced the media, embed-ding correspondents and camera teams with combat units, and reaped a harvest of gung-ho reports from the battlefield.
What made the relationship turn around from Vietnam to the Second Gulf War?
They served as propaganda de-signed to bring home to Americans the reality of a war that could not be won without the United States.
Vietnam was the first ever televised war and how the negative reporting led to undermining support for that war. Shows how war reporting can work positively or negatively.
when American foreign correspondents became part of the war effort, wearing uniforms as they covered the milit;uy units to which they were assigned.
Reminded me of Saving Private Ryan when the interpreter Upham has to leave his typewriter in order to fight. I can't imagine being a reporter in World War 2 was an easy task, even now it must be very hard.
Then, after being "misled for the first several days ... the correspondent realizes what is happen-ing and gets to some sources other than the stringer's,
Do they call it a stringer becasue they are stringing the reporter along?
You can look in Marilyn Mon-roe's closet. Y(m can also look in Robert Oppenheimer's labo-ratory. You gotta do both."
Is this a way of the author saying you have to appeal to multiple audiences for a show to be successful?
Bill Cosby, Archie Bunker, ::md 60 lvfinutes.
Since we looked a race on tv, it doesn't surprise me that these two shows are in the same category of being number one in television. Cosby changed television by being a black family centered show and 60 Minutes changed news reporting.
1 ':J6S to one of the most profitable and widelv watched program-; on American television: 60 Minutes.
A reason 60 Minutes was so popular is because was set apart from other news programs because it used an investigative approach that was reporter based.
“war on drugs” in an impassioned royal “we”:We can’t stop it
This is interesting because one of the narcotic cops touched on this in the episode. He said that it you can't call it war. When the other officer asks why not, he says because wars end. It shows that dealing and drugs are very hard to control and stop and will continue to be an ongoing battle with many different forms.
Bubbles
Was Bubbles, Bubs? The drug addict that faked the dealers out of $20 and called the female detective to talk about his friend that got beat up.
The ethnographic knowledge of the cops and drug dealers comes fromHomicideandThe Corner, but the intercutting of these microsites enablesa rich thematic comparison of the two institutions: cops who mostly wantto bust heads and robbers who run a much tighter organization
While watching the episode, I saw a parallel between McNulty and D'Angelo. McNulty was the low guy on the totem pole and getting harassed for talking to the judge about Barksdale and D'Angelo got demoted because he killed a guy and caused a headache for Barksdale to clean up.
ForThe Corner,Simon and Burns, who had not beengiven any institutional permission to observe, hung out on the West Fay-ette Street neighborhood corners practicing what they unpretentiously call“stand-around-and-watch journalism”
It seems that The Wire is the result of hist two long works coming together. We get the perspective from a homicide detective and the perspective of a drug dealer.
The Cosby Show appears to have cultivated a space where fantasy and reality are allowed to merge
Is having a "realistic" show important? After all it is fiction and a television show, they're not intended to be accurate unless it were reality television and even then it still isn't very real. I think a lot of people forget that it is just a television show and the Huxtable family doesn't exist outside of the small screen.
"What do you h~e ~bout the ~how?'.'
If I were to answer this question myself. I would say what I liked about watching the show was that it is family centered and they deal with a lot off issues by being able to be serious but also having the ability to make people laugh.
Bill Cosby is Cliff Huxtable.
The mentality that Bill is Cliff was burst when the sexual assault case happened and was probably the reason people were so shocked it occurred.
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The Fresh Prince of Bel-Aire was a show in the 90's that showcases a wealthy black family that have their own butler and live in a prominent neighborhood. The Cosby Show in some way paved the way for it to be on air quicker than it would have if the show never existed.
l*ll, because I've seen other ones on television like on the news and things like that and they are all more feminine than the one I knew.
It seems that people are making assumptions off of one encounter, one view in regards to what a female lawyer is, or how a black family live their lives. Nobody has all of the answers so a feminine lawyer who likes to dress up is just as probable as a less feminine lawyer who like to put on sweats as soon as they get home.
Earlier a response said Theo keeps his room clean all the time and never argues with siblings. He clearly has only seen 1 episode because the one we watched he argued with his sisters and his room was a disaster.
You need more than one view if you're going to make broad assumptions.
"just like a real family"
Positioning the Huxtable's as being "just like a real family" is goofy to me but when you think about how it had a major role in bringing black families onto television and showing audiences that any family can have the same problems regardless of race, it makes sense and shows how race came into play on television.
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This goes without saying because if you pick one side in an argument, you are shutting out the people who chose the other side and automatically lose on their business. When you stay neutral, you have a bigger audience to adhere to.
This mode of thinking has been a prominent part of culture in the United States ever since the advertising industry discovered that appeals based upon association were much more effective than appeals based upon providing consumers with rational information about products.
Is this mode of thinking in transition when you consider food that requires companies to put the nutritional information on it or cigarettes that have to contain the surgeon generals warning?
alienating substantial sections of the white audience and making identification with the Huxtables more difficult.
How is the alienation of white people a problem but it is okay for black people to be alienated among television audiences? How many black cast members of The Real Housewives are there that aren't apart of the Atlanta group? The Little Mermaid got ripped apart for making Ariel black but white people being alienated is in television the problem. Ok.
The anti-apartheid sign made no intrusion into the plot, and many viewers probably did not even notice it.
This along with the names of Sondra's kids makes it seem like the topic of racism and black history was always there but never made its way into the forefront of discussion in the way other shows like The Jeffersons and The Fresh Prince of Bel-Aire did.
the Huxtable family presented black characters that black and white audiences could relate tQ,
Can white and black people relate because there are no outlandish stereotypes presented? In the episode we watched, race wasn't prominent in the story or dialogue. Does the absence of racial difference allow a show to appeal to more than one race?
Cliff Huxtable (played byBill Cosby) is a gynecologist and obstetrician, and his wife, Clair, is a lawyer.
In the episode I found it interesting that when the son was talking about getting a job like "regular people", he offered up gas station attendant and bus driver when his parents have two very prominent high paying jobs.
Viacom's Cable Health Channel and Hearst/ABC's Daytime
Viacom is one of the 6 big media conglomerates today. They recently announced that they will be re-merging with CBS which is another media conglomerate, making the company even bigger than before.
Nielsen also found that the audience for broadcast television mixed together upscale and downscale viewers, while cable television attracted more upscale viewers who watched significant amounts of television.
Is this really a shock? Of course upscale people had cable, if you can afford it, you buy it. "Downscale" would be workers that don't have the extra money to spend on cable. They put the money elsewhere.
Today though you can get Netflix and Hulu for a lot less than paying for cable so anyone whether they are "downscale" or "upscale" would have easier access. Just need a smart TV or computer. I know a lot of households that are ditching cable all together and just subscribing to streaming services.
Tonight Show
I fell like late night talk shows are geared more towards the male demographic but females enjoy them as well. Since all of the big ones have male hosts, the humor seems more gendered. I feel like the little talking bits are for men and when they are interviewing a celebrity it is more for female because men don't care what Rihanna did at the Met Ball
Ranging from the networks' morning shows (NBC's Today, ABC's Good Morning America, CBS's This Morning) distributed nationally by the networks to the syndicated shows that plug the off-network holes in affiliates' schedules (such as Oprah Winfrey, Donahue, Geraldo, Ricki Lake, and Sally ]essy Ra-phael), the talk show remains a staple of women's television.
I feel like talk shows like GMA are trying to account for the male demographic that might be watching by adding men to their hosting lineup like Michael Strahan who is a former NFL player. Otherwise there was Regis & Kelly (now Kelly & Ryan) that have both sexes to represent and have a balance. There are shows like The Real, The Talk, and the Wendy Williams Show that are strongly geared towards pop culture and gossip for women because the panel are all female.
Abercrombie & Fitch in the early 1990s changed its focus to sell overpriced wifebeaters and half-naked Aryan men to the youth of America.
I believe that A&F has kind of undergone a redesign. I remember when there used to be shirtless men standing outside the store and you would see good looking muscular men on the bag. Upon gong to the website, they still have the good looking men but now they have more clothes and women share the spotlight too. Also the stores have change as well. They are no longer dark and loud but lighter and more welcoming.
"Vintage Females
I'm stealing that, I like it too.
Dr. Bailey on Grey's Anat-omy,
Oh I love Dr. Bailey. Also a good example. In the show she fights against being black, short, female, and shy. She was someone who had to learn to speak up for herself and became a feared doctor and is now the chief of surgery in the show without compromising herself.
while boys were getting sent to detention, dropping out of high school, destined for careers behind the counter
There is the stupid term that boys will be boys. They were probably always getting sent to detention but since they had women to compare against, it became more noticeable. Also how is that the fault of women?
yet it was verboten to even ask whether she could handle the job while also tending to a baby.
Yeah because it's a stupid question. Men wouldn't get asked that question because taking care of kids isn't a "mans job."
December 1951 edition of Los Angeles Television by Dallas W. Smythe and Angus Campbell, published by the National Association of Educa-. tiona! Broadcasters, showed that dramas were the most common type ot program
It is interesting to me that they point a special eye at dramas because the 1950's saw the rise of I Love Lucy which is a comedy and Arthur Godfrey’s Talent Scouts which was a type of talent show. If you looked up the most popular shows in the 50's, it would mostly be comedy or variety shows.
Admittedly one often hears the claim in Hollywood, especi~lly among film people, that television programs lower the standard still turther.
I know that in Old Hollywood, to be apart of television was kind of like settling. Movies were where an actor wanted to be and television was seen as the lesser.
was a television set built into the wall <1bove the washcrtdrver
They seem to want televisions everywhere in the household. It is kind of ironic because there was the phrase growing up where parents told us the "television would melt your brain"or sitting to close would "ruin our eyes."
The idea that female spectators were also workers in the home was, by the postwar period, a truism for broadcasting and advertising executives.
Rosie the Riveter paved the way for women to be integrated into the workplace during the war and after it was over, women still had the job of keeping the rest of the family fed and happy inside the home.
the public world came to be conceived of as a place of productive labor, while the home was seen <ls a site of rejuvenation and consumption.
Is this still the case today? If you work from home, would that divide the house where the office is viewed as the place of productive labor and the rest of the house is for rejuvenation and consumption?
No less than three entire episodes, and portions of others, were devoted to the process of conceiving, building, and inaugurating the park.
It was smart of Disney to show the creation of the park in the show because viewers would get the feeling that they took part in building it themselves. They have seen the final product on scree, but they will be more inclined to go and physically see it themselves.
ABC chose to align itself with small-ticket advertisers, those selling the type of products that young families might be more likely to need and afford.
Would this be a type of narrowcasting?
With box-office disappointments like the costly animated feature Fantasia
I heard about this in a podcast called "You Must Remember This." In an episode about Walt Disney, the host talked about how it did so bad, they pulled it from theaters and then cut about an hour out of it. Interesting considering a Fantasia 2000 was made in the new millenium.
never much interested"
I find it interesting that Walt Disney had little appeal in regards to radio. It would be a good place to develop stories and tell them without having to spend the money on animation. In the video Disney said "Dreams are what matter" and picturing a show in your head with vocal aid is kind of like daydreaming or dreaming itself.
If the current thrust toward market-specific communication persists, then the kind of transdemographic fame achieved so cheaply in the mass broadcasting environment is less likely to occur.
Is this saying that narrowcasting would prevent people becoming famous for moronic reasons like Danielle Bregoli who achieved fame from Dr.Phil or Balloon Boy that was a result of parents wanting to get on TV in hopes of achieving some fame?
An archival item such as Edward R. Murrow's onsite accounts of the London blitzkrieg, broadcast over the CBS radio network, may assume etiological proportions, a prophetic foreshadowing of Peter Arnet's reports from Baghdad on CNN during the Gulf War.
This makes me think about a pro and con when it comes to broadcasting. When the London Blitzkrieg or other big events are shared, the public is informed. Consequently if you look at Orson Welles radio broadcast of War of the Worlds, it caused widespread panic.
We have akeady seen how the audio-visually documented assassination ofJohn F. Kennedy levitated him and his presidency into an historiographical mythosphere once occupied only by the likes ofWashington, Jefferson, and Lincoln. By contrast, William McKinley never had a chance.
Television is a very powerful tool that has the potential to make or break you. Kennedy had the botched Cuban Missile Crisis threatened to ruin his presidency but the televised aftermath of his assassination and funeral put him into favor among the people. The OJ Simpson trial had people making up their minds and giving their own opinion to the case. Some influence is thought to stem from the aftermath of the Rodney King Riots in LA not long before.
Structured for transdemographic address, broadcasting solicits rich and poor, egghead and illiterate, gang member and unaffiliated, theocrat and atheist,
Broadcasting casts a wide net that allows their audience to be bigger since its not specifically pointed to one demographic.
This sociru history of broadcasting can be discussed on its own, at the levels of practice and principle.
I took a whole class on broadcasting and it is very extensive. It brings in cultural studies in the sense of why do some things get covered and why do some not. The debate of when ethics kicks in while covering a certain story. Some people have pointed out that the news doesn't always inform the public, but only talks about the bad things going on in the world like shootings, car accidents, fires because they have to keep audiences interested. There is the difference between national and local broadcasting. Needless to say it is a lot to learn!
It is never quite true to say that in modern societies. when a social need has been demonstrated, its appropriate technology will be found.
We don't look for new developments until that societal need has been discovered. Technology has become so advanced that we more often than not will find a technological answer to societal needs. FaceTime was made when family and friends wanted to communicate face to face without the need to travel hundred or thousands of miles.
If television had not been invented. this argument runs. we would still be manipulated or mindl~ly entertained. but in some other way and perhaps less powerfully.
Would we have smartphones if it wasn't for television? They are a stronger mindless entertainer than television is.
It is often said that television has altered our world.
I would agree with this statement because it has. Entertainment for society has evolved over the years. It used to be theatre, jazz clubs, concerts, etc. These things do still exist and provide entertainment but television give everyone access to other types of entertainment. Someone can take a video camera, record other types of entertainment and air it on television. It made a lot of different varieties of entertainment attainable to wider audience.
In the USA, television was modelled on the system of commercial radio
Our Miss Brooks is one of my favorite radio sitcoms from the 50's. It eventually made its way onto television and when listening to it on the radio, it would break for advertisements between episodes or each episode had a sponsor named at the beginning.
But since most television is 'non-fiction', the showing of cameras, cables and microphones has quite the opposite effect: it underlines the 'reality' of what goes ori, saying 'this is exactly how it hap-pens/happened: we have not added or removed anything'.
Shows like Reno 911, The Office, and Parks and Recreation play on being constantly aware of the camera. The Office for example, has the premise that a paper company is making a documentary and set it up like one interviewing the character and having shots where they focus on people or move the camera during the shot in a way that isn't natural.
Nearly all television programming is now pre-recorded, hours, days or years before transmission takes place.
Most "live" television today isn't live at all because it has a delay of a couple seconds in order to be able to sensor bad words or inappropriate behavior for viewers at home.
we do not think of video surveil-lance as 'television'.
Some television shows or even films today will use surveillance video. America's Most Wanted will frequently use it to give the audience a look at a certain suspect. Paranormal Activity was a film that used a video camera on a tripod, that can be though of a type of surveillance, to show "paranormal phenomenon" in a couples home.
Hegemony describes the general predominance of particular class, political, and ideological interests within a given society. Although soci-ety is composed of varied and conflicting class interests, the ruling class exercises hegemony insofar as its interests are recognized and accepted as the prevailing ones.
Is the ruling class able to manipulate societal views because they hold more power? Or maybe the working class had the idea that if they agreed with the ruling class, they wouldn't be seen as a lower class?
Marxist theory conceives of society as a complex interrelationship among different practices and institutions
Karl Marx was concerned with the power relationships between different groups in society (ruling bourgeois vs working proletariate).
Within Marxist theories of culture and society, the concept of ideology has been subject to intensive elaboration. 1 Classical or orthodox Marxist theory construes society in terms of a base/superstructure model.
In another class we talked about Marxist Media Theory and Cultural Studies. There was mention of how close the study of culture and society are tied together. Proposed studying culture specifically through the lens of social relations.
Withfn · '-the flow of television, the advertisement activates a range of assumptions, obvious but usually unspoken, about the medium in general and the nor-mative expectations that inform its functioning.
Is this referring to commercial breaks within television episodes and how they are typically aimed towards the audience the show is intended for? For example, an episode of Spongebob Squarepants is going to have commercials about toys because advertisers know kids will be watching.
ndexical signs are different from iconic ones because they rely on a material connection between signifier and signified: smoke means fire, pawprints mean the presence of a cat; a particular set of fingerprints signifies "Richard Nixon"; red spots signify "measles
Indexical signs require some inferring to understand the meaning. In our discussion we took some signs from the opening sequences and explained them to how high school was being perceived. We associate what was happening to revolve around high school.
Learning a second language is difficult because each language consists of a set of signs whose meanings derive from differences to which we might not be sensitiv
I am learning French right now and some words that we use in English has been borrowed from French like petite, café, boutique and some have a similarity to an english word but you just pronounce it differently like saying professor. My brain can latch on to that easily but words that are far from the English pronunciation have a harder time sticking.
Other words could be invented, such as raim or sain, that use the same alphabet and are pronounceable, but because these "words" do not enter into relationships with other signs in the system in a meaningful way, they remain at the level of nonsense.
Is this saying that we equate made up words to being nonsense because we don't associate any signs or images to them?
Semiotics studies the way such "signs'' communicate and the rules that govern their use.
Why the quotations around the word signs? Is it because they're not signs, we just perceive them to be? Or is it because they have multiple meanings?
Series refers to those shows whose characters and setting are recycled, NARRATIVE THEORY 9 I but the story concludes in each individual episode. By contrast, in a serial the story and discourse do not come to a conclusion during an episode, and the threads are picked up again after a given hiatus.
I feel shameful to admit that I didn't know this. A show like Game of Thrones is a serial and Spongebob Squarepants is a series?
First, they typically tailor their discourse to fit "naturally" around the commercial breaks, so that, for instance, the exposition fits before the first break and the coda after the last. Second, shows build their stories to a high point of interest before each break to ensure that the audience will stay tuned.
I feel that showrunners or directors will use the commercial breaks to their advantage and build suspense. A lot of the times I find that there is a bomb dropped right before the commercial to keep viewers wanting to watch the rest of the episode. Not only does it keep viewers but it also helps to build the story and push it along for 30 minutes to an hour. It will also work in their favor for the advertisers that are paired up with shows. Money and viewers seem to be the motive. It is a very smart move for everyone involved