Good night, ladies, good night, sweet ladies, good night, good night.
Farewell words of Ophelia, in her madness, to the ladies of the court of the King of Denmark
Good night, ladies, good night, sweet ladies, good night, good night.
Farewell words of Ophelia, in her madness, to the ladies of the court of the King of Denmark
Ta ta
"Thanks" in Cockney.
to bring it off
Abortion pills.
chemist
Pharmacist.
demobbed
Released from military service.
HURRY UP PLEASE ITS TIME
The barman is telling everyone to get out.
O O O O that Shakespeherian Rag
Folk song.
Those are pearls that were his eyes.
"The Tempest."
dolphin
In medieval art, the dolphin was associated with love.
Cupidon
God of love.
Jug Jug
The sound of the nightingale.
Philomel
Mentions of abuse.
laquearia
The panels of a coffered ceiling.
Unstoppered, lurked her strange synthetic perfumes,Unguent, powdered, or liquid—troubled, confusedAnd drowned the sense in odours; stirred by the airThat freshened from the window,
The first ecounter of Enea and Didone in Virgil's "Aeneid".
throne
Shakespeare's "Antony and Cleopatra".
A Game of Chess
Satyrical play of Thomas Middleton "A game at chess".
Shantih shantih shantih
Sanskrit word, "peace".
Hieronymo
Thomas Kyd's "The Spanish Tragedie".
O swallow swallowLe Prince d’Aquitaine à la tour abolie
"The Prince of Aquitaine, of the ruined tower", a line which Eliot refers to its source in the sonnet ‘El Desdichado’ (‘The Disinherited’) by Gérard de Nerval.
Quando fiam uti chelidon
A line from the anonymous poem Pervigilium Veneris, which ends with a reference to Philomela.
Poi s’ascose nel foco che gli affina
Last line of Canto 26 of Dante's Purgatorio, in which he meets Arnauld Daniel.
London Bridge is falling down falling down falling down
Nursery rhyme.
Fishing, with the arid plain behind me
The Fisherman King.
Turn in the door once and turn once only
Count Ugolino, XXXIII of Dante's Inferno.
Which an age of prudence can never retract
Paolo and Francesca, second circle of Dante's Inferno.
Damyata
Imperative, "control".
Coriolanus
Hero of Shakespeare's play.
Dayadhvam
Imperative "be compassionate".
Datta
Imperative "give".
Himavant
Holy mountain in the Himalaya range.
Ganga
River Ganges.
Only a cock stood on the rooftree
The betrayal of Judas.
bells
The church bells of London.
Who are those hooded hordes swarming
The image of the knights looking for the Holy Grail is introduced.
Cracks and reforms and bursts in the violet airFalling towersJerusalem Athens AlexandriaVienna LondonUnreal
Bertrand Russell told Eliot that he had dreamt of London collapsing.
Who is the third who walks always beside you?
Jesus, God or perhaps Tiresias.
If there were water we should stop and drink
God’s instruction to Moses, to relieve the thirst of the Israelites, having led them through the desert.
thunder
According to the Bible, the earth shook when Christ died.
He who was living is now dead
The first scene of the last part of the poem represents the cruxification of Christ.
To Carthage then I came
The Confessions of St Augustine.
Margate Sands
Seaside resort on the Thames.
Moorgate
Moorgate is at the heart of the financial district of the City.
Richmond and Kew
Two riverside districts, on the Thames west of London.
And walked among the lowest of the dead
Homer’s Tiresias in Hades, where he is consulted by Odysseus.
Elizabeth and Leicester
The history of the relationship between Elizabeth I and her cousin Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester.
Highbury
London suburb.
Weialala leia Wallala leialala
The lament of the Rhine-Maidens in Wagner's Die Götterdämmerung.
Down Greenwich reach Past the Isle of Dogs.
The Thames River at Greenwich, downstream from London. The Isle of Dogs is the name given to the riverbank opposite Greenwich.
Magnus Martyr
Church in London.
Strand
London Street.
Lower Thames Street
Near the river at London Bridge.
Queen Victoria Street
Street in London.
waters
Reference to "The Tempest."
When lovely woman stoops to folly
Eliot refers to "The Vicar of Wakefield" by Oliver Goldsmith.
dugs
Breasts of animals.
Perceived the scene, and foretold the rest—I too awaited the expected guest.
Every single gesture is mechanic, both the prophet and the narrating voice know what will happen becuase it's inevitable.
combinations
Undergarments.
Tiresias
Blind prophet who lived both as a woman and a man.
Metropole
Hotel in Brighton.
Cannon Street Hotel
Commercial hotel in London.
demotic
Everyday.
C.i.f. London: documents at sight,
"Cost, insurance and freight". The documents of ownership and transport would be handed to the purchaser in exchange for a bank draft payable on sight.
Smyrna
Turkish.
Twit twit twitJug jug jug jug jug jugSo rudely forc’d.Tereu
Legend of Tereus and Philomela.
Et O ces voix d’enfants, chantant dans la coupole!
"And O those children's voices, singing in the cupola!" "Parsifal" by Paul Verlaine.
Sweeney
A character in the "Sweeney" poems by Eliot.
my back
Only sounds are heard, he can't see anything in front of him.
the king my father’s death before him
"The Tempest" Ferdinand is thinking of his father.
While I was fishing in the dull canal
To find redemption, the Fisher King seeks the fish, synonymous with the Grail. If he ever will fish something is doubtful.
rat
The only living being is associated with rubbish.
But at my back in a cold blast I hear
"To His Coy Mistress" by Andrew Marvell.
Leman
The French name for Lake Geneva.
till I end my song
"Prothalamion" by Edmund Spenser, in which he celebrates love.
unheard
Sense of drought, desolation.
The Fire Sermon
Begun in spring 1921. Eliot incorporated in constructing "The Waste Land", this is considered to be the first part he wrote with a sense of the poem as a whole in mind. The Fire Sermon was preached by the Buddha against the fires of lust, anger, envy and the other passions that consume men.
who was once handsome and tall as you
This passage reminds the reader that death will take us all and nothing will be left of us.
Gentile
Not Jewish.
whirlpool
Energy that brings destruction.
Death by Water
It was written while Eliot was at Dr Vittoz’s sanatorium in Lausanne from mid-November to late December 1921.
Mylae
The great naval victory of the Romans over the Carthaginians in the First Punic War.
mon semblable,—mon frère!”
"My fellow, my brother!" from Baudelaire's poem "Au Lecteur" (To the Reader) in "Les Fleurs du Mal."
Saint Mary Woolnoth
City church.
King William Street
Links London Bridge to the centre of the City of London.
I had not thought death had undone so many.
Dante, Inferno iii, 55–7 (the unhappy spirits), quoting ‘si lunga tratta/di gente, ch’io non avrei mai creduto,/che morte tanta n’avesse disfatta’ (‘such a long stream of people, that I should never have believed that death had undone so many’).
Unreal City
"Les Sept Vieillards’ (‘The Seven Old Men’) by Charles Baudelaire, here it's London.
I
Madame Sosostris.
Wheel
Tarot card.
man with three staves
Tarot card.
Belladonna, the Lady of the Rocks
Frequently associated with Leonardo Da Vinci's paintings.
Phoenician Sailor
Tarot card which symbolizes a traveller struggling with water.
Look
From Shakespeare's "The tempest", a passage in which the spirit of Ariel is singing to Ferdinand about his father's drowning.
Madame Sosostris
Crome Yellow (1921) by Aldous Huxley. Madame Sosostris is a fortune teller and tarot reader.
Oed’ und leer das Meer.
"Empty and desolate is the sea". Taken from Wagner's "Tristan and Isolde".
Frisch weht der Wind Der Heimat zu Mein Irisch Kind, Wo weilest du?
"Fresh blows the wind to home, my Irish child, where are you lingering?" From Wagner, "Tristan and Isolde".
hyacinths
Symbol for fertility rituals.
Your shadow at morning striding behind youOr your shadow at evening rising to meet you;
Only the present exists, the shadow of the past is behind and the shadow of the evening can't be met yet.
A heap of broken images
Both life and the poem, whose nature is fragmented
Son of man
Eliot’s note refers us to Ezekiel ii, I. God addresses his prophet, ‘Son of man, stand upon thy feet, and I will speak unto thee.’ Ezekiel is told of his mission, to preach the coming of the Messiah to a rebellious, unbelieving people.
And down we went.
Eliot took inspiration from the sledding incident of the Countess Marie Larisch.
Bin gar keine Russin, stamm’ aus Litauen, echt deutsch.
"I'm not Russian at all, I come from Lithuania, pure German" Marie is recalling her childhood.
Hofgarten
A public garden in Munich.
forgetful snow
Forgetful because it covers, it conceals everything.
Starnbergersee
Lake-resort south of Munich, visited by Eliot in August 1911.
Nam
This passage is taken from Petronius Arbiter's Satyricon.
il miglior fabbro
"The better craftsman". Eliot and Pound were not only collaborators, but also friends. This passage refers to Dante Alighieri's tribute to the Provencal poet Arnauld Daniel in Canto 26 of the Purgatorio.
Cumis
The Cumaean Sibyl was the priestess of Apollo who was located at the Oracle of Cumae. Granted a wish from Apollo, the sibyl, who is confined to a jar because her body is starting to melt, she had asked for as many years of life as there are grains in a handful of sand.
Sibyllam
The word "Sibyl" derives from the Greek word "sibylla" meaning prophetess.