oavoidthestereotypeoftheBadBlackMan,PresidentObamaperformshisidentityaslessmasculine,morefeminineandcommunity-oriented.’
this differs from the interpretation offered in an earlier reading about how Black men in nursing differ in their gender performance from white men in nursing, which I think was located in their community ethic from a background of racial marginalization
especiallymen whodonotconformtomas-culinegendernorms
straight queers for president 2024
his contemporary culture of memory is in part a response or reaction to rapid change and to a life without anchors or roots.
capitalism and imperialism fr
modernity
capitalism gets folded into modernity by critical theorists -- it matters whether they coincide, chicken and egg question
There are different ways of understanding exploitation: general understanding and Marx's technical-analytic process * to Marx, everyone is being exploited all the time within his definition -- values must come in in order to actually generate a critical perspective, but that is the moral outrage that is nonspecific to capitalism * longstanding contention as to whether Marx is being "moral" -- Jaeggi attempts to go beyond this binary but captures the ambiguity inherent here
the following aspects can be shown to be characteristic of the capital-ist mode of production and of societies shaped by capitalism: (1) private own-ership of the means of production and a separation between producers andthe means of production; (2) the existence of a free labor market; (3) theaccumulation of capital, and, as a consequence, (4) an orientation toward theexploitation of capital, thus toward gain instead of need, toward the cultiva-tion of capital instead of the consumption of it or subsistence on it. Finally,(5) under capitalism the market typically functions as a coordinating mecha-nism for the allocation, as well as the distribution, of goods, such that capital-ism and the market economy are closely bound—though not identical—toone another.
Definition of capitalism
"need" is also a normative word -- recurring issue in Marxian analysis because it requires bringing in value judgements. Marx spends a lot of time earlier in his career in 1844 manuscripts developing species being, which allows him to answer the question of need. when shifting from alienation to exploitation, the question of need became more difficult to answer.
A historical definition, defined by a break from feudalism -- the list of things attributed to capitalism are only capitalism within the historical moment in which it exists. all the elements are "necessary" to capitalism because they all occurred.
Yet, many of these diagno-ses turn on cultural criticism and cultural pessimism, which tend, in each case, tonostalgically romanticize previous ways of life, along with their products, prac-tices, and customs.
important for the interdisciplinary honors thesis!!
The moral or narrowly justice-oriented critique would, accordingly, haveto rise to the analysis and critique of capitalism as a mode of production(and, further, as a form-of-life) in order to approach capitalism as a specificproblem. The problems that are moral in the narrow sense are not thereforemerely unsolvable; they cannot even be understood if we do not conceive themagainst the background of the capitalist form-of-life broadly conceived
the specificity innate to moral critique, as it requires pointing out something specifically wrong with the workings of capitalism, limits the extent to which we can understand capitalism
criterion of functionality and nonfunctionality is not“freestanding.”
we might not be talking about something that is innate to capitalism regardless of the social moment in which it is implemented because it is contingent on these impositions of meaning
bad (e.g., an alienated) life
What makes a good life to Butler? Does it fundamentally differ from this notion of alienation?
Celebrity
what are the differences in how celebrity networks generate hostile sexism and how everyday networks generate sexism? why do these differences matter? how do interactions within celebrity networks influence everyday networks, if at all?
In addition, lesbian, gay, bisexual, intersex,transsexual, and others with non-traditional sexual and/or gen-der identities tend to be attacked online at a much higher rate(two to four times higher) than their heterosexual counterparts
What are the specific implications of social media sexism on queer people?
highlight the intersectional components of the analysis
How have contemporary changes in Twitter (X) facilitated changing forms in sexism since this article? What components of sexism described by the article persist, and what components are unique to the post-Elon Twitter landscape?
Following the crisis in Argentina in 2001, thelinks between debt sustainability, sovereign defaults, and currency crises againattracted the attention of the economics profession
ARGENTINA
third-generationmodels – which focus on moral hazard and imperfect information. The emphasishere has been on ‘excessive’ booms and busts in international lending and asset pricebubbles.
relationship between these models and the neoliberal context?
The first-generation models focus on the fiscal and monetary causes of crises
beginning of a genealogy of currency crisis models in previous literature
speculative attacks
valuable characterization of a currency crisis
currency crisis occurs when investors flee from a currency en masse out of fearthat it might be devalued. Currency crises are episodes characterized by suddendepreciations of the domestic currency, large losses of foreign exchange reserves ofthe central bank, and (or) sharp hikes in domestic interest rates
definition of a currency crisis
whichhasbecomemoreexclusionary,Marginalizing,obfuscatingorpushingandleay-ingoutlargenumbersofotherwomenwhodo notlookyoung,supple,girlishorWhiteandhetero-sexual
this happens simultaneously with pushes toward gender equality? shows that progress is nonlinear and must occur across multitudes
10
alarming
hypersexualization is the combination of a multitude of sexualized attributes—body position, extent of nudity, textual cues, and more—the cumulative effect of which is to nar- row the possible interpretations of the image to just, as de Beauvoir (1949) wrote, “the sex.”
come on definition
preva- lence of pole-dancing exercise classes for women
i don't like this being a conflation. this is literally good exercise. the activity is sexualized because of the pervasiveness of strip clubs in the culture
The critique of reason, for Kant andeven more emphatically for his successors, was essen-tially a project that aimed to understand the actuality ofhuman freedom — the critique of reason is at once thedemonstration of rational life as a free life
rationality, as we know, and its closely associated term enlightenment, has broader, potentially violent implications
sjued uoren “B91 Sty fo yayood ayy oyu! WY papueYy UeUI 1ay}O ay} AguoW ay} payony pure ‘asinoo jo ‘sad ples uewaoyod ayy,
institutional complicity in the violence she experienced
‘seropertmnbeuw a jO alsem ay} yim Buoye dn paid ssajjamp uinys ayi jo ysen ayy Puno} sem UBUIOM pkap ay] alaym dump ay) uy
a part of the labor process's waste, dehumanization
oTaA payoo] Aay) Aisnp os ‘a]pprtu ay] UT OA pue 1dUI09 Yoea je 9UO ‘Saar XIS eam aloy] ezefd ay] uy
environmental degradation -- REMEMBER THIS PAGE
“pein 308 ay jnun 10 ‘payeqe ysnypooyq pure ‘uopesadsexa ‘Ainj sty [HUN oYpaut afi paseo guedieys apy ay) aig e 104
violence begets more violence
RD Jay [Bays
specifically a crime of property - could be interpreted as a consequence of the brown woman's relationship with labor under maquila
“pyryo wo aZueyo LUppNoOm euljaD esiNny vay "sy aul 0 aes ayy sem ‘epaayndas sooreja] Jou “oy Fe yysnoy} ay “a ‘ dIYM ‘SUOTJE[aI aSAY} 0} PU ue in -aq ‘Wdaoae 0] pasnjer OIOWOY YI . Pe oan ad ‘queudaid sem ays Jey} SULUIe9] UOd
murder tied up with misogyny tied up with broader marginalization
aaly e ut Aeme Apog aya ind
description obviously aligns closely with what was said in the rodriguez article
“],UaIaM Aayi ing ‘plo payxyoo, Usurom ay] ‘s0ue} -SIP & UIO1] U9agG ‘Sutkeid ‘spaaM ay} Ul Suljaauy “‘pelaaod speay Joy) YIM atom OM) SsOIDR aUTeD BY WOOS
women are the ones who disproportionally burdened by the feminicides because they are the ones who go out in public with the burden
Study 3 was a survey-experiment con-necting the findings from Studies 1 and2, allowing us to test whether costly fail-ure disproportionately affects women’sleadership ambitions because of expectedgender discrimination
Study 3
Study 2 was a survey-experiment thatexamined how the costliness of leadershipfailur
Study 2
We test our thesisusing three interconnected studies. Study1 was a survey designed to establish thatlaypeople are aware that women leadersface gendered sanctions for failure.
Study 1
it is important tolook beyond likely outcomes and considerthe severity of possible bad outcomes topredict leadership ambitions
severity over probability
womenCEOs are more likely than men CEOs toface shareholder activism
the market itself reifies gendered ideas of leadership
Kenrick
who tf
organizationalresponses to failure may produce gender differences in leadership ambitions and risk-taking behavior.
gendered organizations, also kinda panoptic? people anticipate disproportionate sanctions for women so they self regulate by limiting women in power
useful for my work, in that ithelps me understand the crisis of liberal concepts that render them inoperativeeven in and for Western societies
Rodriguez traces Hardt's geneology of what constitutes civil society to depict the crisis liberalism has perpetually been in as she attempts to apply it in a way that tests its limits.
The burden of this and the subsequentchapter is to explain why women are at the center of all these conjoining bor-ders, how their deaths intersect legal, illegal, formal, and informal types of labor,and how they come to be part of the unconventional traffic of stolen goods,drugs, and the migration of industries and people that characterizes today’ssocial theater.
thesis
Maquila work and gender are two endpoints of a dreadfully tangled twinethat threads through all kinds of border complexities
women's relationship to labor problematizes many of the modern assumptions that uphold patriarchal production relations
that is maquila labor and the havoc wrought by women’s emancipationthrough labor.
masks the killed by focusing on the killer
private sphere becomes thevery background of public action
what does this say about the civil rights that were fought for and awarded on the basis of privacy?
prac-tice of critique
sociological imagination, base/superstructure
n a similar vein, men students were more likely to speak out withoutraising their hands and to interrupt other speakers
i am a man
RESuLTS
This research happens in a place where all the students are highly motivated -- an Ivy League school. I wonder if there would be different results if the school was one with less barriers to entry.
I have a hypothesis that there are gendered ways of understanding how someone "cares" about things, and that caring is associated with femininity more than masculinity. If less people care about a class, the ones who do care are more likely to be women. People pleasing/attention to the atmosphere definitely play a role here.
field notes (FN), personal notes(PN), theoretical notes (TN), and methodological notes (MN)
note this for if you ever do ethnography in the future
stalled revolution,”
a key feature of gender discourse in our contemporary moment - contributes to the contested nature/regressive characteristics?
everyday inequities” that individually may “seem trivial,and may even go unnoticed” by the professor and the student; however,cumulatively they “can dampen women’s participation and lead them todoubt the value of their contributions
definition continued + impact
chilly climate” in college classrooms,where women 1 faced overt and subtle forms of discrimination
definition of a chilly climate
95 hours of observation
methods
Whenthe anthropologist argues that it is their need to be seen and heard thatdetermines the street children's conduct, the documentary illustratesthis diagnosis by showing boys juggling and performing acrobatics at abusy Rio de Janeiro traffic light (00:18:20). It is a familiar image, seem-ingly implying that the need to be seen is negotiated through the preex-isting imagination of the playing child, a role that destitute kids mightagree to play to cooperate with the adult imagination of what a childwants19-or perhaps they are rehearsing another common fantasy pres-ent in global media, that of the poor but fun-loving Brazilian
our ways of understanding sandro and children at large are broadly mediated by the market
In this particular situation, television offers a split im-age of the police that is actually formless, indecisive, and ultimately in-efficient even at controlling the crowd; but by the same token, it voicesa demand for an ideal body, a police corps in good form, transparentand accountable, which should have been present on the scene instead
oh my god this is literally me saying the police were underfunded bffr
demand for visibility as inclusion and the managementof visibility of the police (its appearance of force, its force of appear-ance) are expressions of a "market-state" ruled by "jurisprudence ofappearance" in which "law remains in force but lacks in significance
making the suffering of oppressed people more visible comes from a market logic -- damn. This reminds me of the discomfort felt by minoritized people in higher education institutions, who are pressured to bleed in front of everyone to help the university sell a diversified education
if the figure of the child is always exemplary, in these films childrenare exemplary out of bounds, both vulnerable and exposed, standingfor hope and hopelessness. "The child is eminently the human,"
children as a narrative tool to reveal a population to itself
the boundaries between expose and what I called hypervisibili
how is this problematized by the invisibility of Brazilian Black youth?
white
this shit is lowkey ahistorical because WHAT OF ALL THE FILIPINOS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! and what about the dynamics between Asian and Black people! How does that further problematize this!
masculinity
in what ways is it unavailable to them? i feel like in most cases masculinity is superimposed onto Blackness, such that even Black women or queer people are masculinized
hooks
queen
lackmeninnursing,however,genderedracismmaylimittheextenttowhichtheyestablishbondswiththeircolleagues and supervisors.
don't the stereotypes for Black men most closely approximate those of hegemonic masculinity?
Espiritu
my queen
Inaddition, unlikewomeninmen’s professions,men whodowomen’s workfrequently have supervisorsof thesamesex.
oh snap; the power of homophily in terms of bringing gendered networks of information that might facilitate the promotion of men who get to access that information even if they start later than female counterparts
ustasmenwhoaretokensfarebetterthanwomen,italsofollowsthat theexperiencesofBlacksandwhitesastokensshoulddifferinwaysthatreflect theirpositionsinhierarchiesofstatusandpower,
emphasizing an intersectional approach -- differences in power differentials based on race and class change the experiences of power differentials based on gender
organizations
gendered organizations theory obviously
uggestthatsexualharassmentpoliciesarework-ing.Menreportedtheyjokelessinfrontofwomenandarelesslikelytoperformbehaviorsthatmaybeinterpretedasharassment
do men perhaps experience an unreported feeling of resentment at this scrutiny? the sexual harassment panopticon? how does that influence their cross sex friendships?
motiv
perceived sexual harassment from third parties was a key obstacle in cross sex friendship
hemajorityof thepar-ticipants’ closestfriendshipsinthePresent studyWerelaunchedasaresultofCooperatingonaworkProject.Although Senderedinterestsmaystillposesomeobstacletofriendshipswithintheworkplace,theymostlikelycreateamoresubstantialbarriertofriendshipsoutsideofwork
key conclusion
Incontrast,whenamalemanagerofferedasimilarcomplimenttoawomanatwork,hewasquestionedbythehumanresourcesdepartmentforalleged sexualharassment:
both male and a manager
IfImakeanoff-color jokeorsomethinglikethat,I'mmorelikelytodothatwithamalethanafemale.
Resisting not being PC around women is something interesting that we should discuss in class -- giving homophily? and humor as a way of reinforcing gendered networks?
Humorand joking werementionedmostfrequentlybymenassomethingthatcouldnotbesharedwithwomenatwork.
what?
The fact that real wages grew so much more slowly than labor productivity inboth economies (and real wages did not grow at all in Mexico) signals that firmswere able to increase their gross profit margins (at least relative to unit labor costs)from their manufacturing operations in both countries during the NAFTA period
classic profit over people
the Mexicangovernment rejected the need for any development assistance with Salinas’s famousslogan that Mexico wanted “trade not aid.” However, Mexico soon learned the hardway that trade alone could not give the kind of economic boost that the countryrequired, as we shall see in the following sections
neoliberal rhetoric within mexican government, but why? where did it come from?
However,in order for the new trading bloc to be successful, the three countries would haveneeded to implement a wide range of complementary policies, including maintain-ing competitive exchange rates, investing in the necessary public infrastructureand education, and addressing the development gap between Mexico and the othertwo NAFTA nations.
which of these are possible/rational within a neoliberal framework of implementation?
ostering convergenceand preventing migratio
remember these when outlining: these are the two claims examined in the previous section
n regard to migration, the incentives are based on the wages that all workers (notonly those in manufacturing) with comparable characteristics, such as similar ageand education, can earn by migrating to the United States compared with stayingin Mexico
giving brain drain but maybe not brain necessarily since its manufacturing work? muscle drain? maybe that just speaks to my ignorance about manufacturing and my latent biases
create a continued incentive for multinational corporations to locate manu-facturing activities aimed at the North American market in Mexic
exploitation inherent to neoliberalism transnational ssa a core component of it
NAFTA was famouslyintended to “lock-in” the liberalizing reforms that Mexico had undertaken in thepreceding years, making it in some respects a symbol of the entire “neoliberal”approach to economic policy that Mexico adopted in the aftermath of the debt cri-sis of the 1980s
bears similarities to trade liberalization under structural adjustment programs
what are the differences between neoliberal policy realized by agreements between countries vs. those imposed by NGOs like the World Bank and IMF
Second, economic dependency isnot threatening to women; it is the status quo
modify this to say that it is not threatening to femininity. it is so threatening to women
Men who closely approximate thehegemonic archetype feel secure, whereasmen who value their identity as a man yet dif-fer from the archetype are likely to engage inbehaviors designed to more closely alignthem with the hegemonic ideal
hegemonic masculinity obviously
Categorizationleads to a series of distinct social groups, suchas men and women.
potentially intersectional
economic dependency is associated with a higher likelihoodof engaging in infidelity; but, the influence of dependency on men’s infidelity is greater thanthe influence of dependency on women’s infidelity
why is this the case when there is theoretically more to lose for those who are economically dependent?