ham radios

likening DPR to Che Guevara

In a criminal context, as with Silk Road, Tor made classic law enforcement—knocking on doors, interviewing witnesses, making deals—nearly useless

Tor

they should abide by a new social contract for the digital age: one that affirms that the best guardians of privacy are not government or businesses but citizens themselves.

It boils down to this: If you’re not paying for a product on the Internet, you’re the product.

1990sAs the new millennium approached, fear of automation and computers seemed to all but disappear from the pages of the press (judging from New York Times and Google newspaper archives), perhaps due to a booming economy and fascination with tech’s—particularly the web’s—possiblities

public blockchains are secured by cryptoeconomics - the combination of economic incentives and cryptographic verification using mechanisms such as proof of work or proof of stake,

bottom line is that each of us has a responsibility to be mindful of the ever-growing trail digital breadcrumbs that we leave behind when a growing proportion of our daily lives play out online.

23HOW BLOCKCHAIN IS TRANSFORMING THE CREATIVE INDUSTRIES© 2017 BLOCKCHAIN RESEARCH INSTITUTEthey suggest, that it is simply not possible for contracts to specify all possible contingencies. “Companies,” they assert, “exist in large part because well-functioning complete contracts are impossible to write, not because they’re too difficult or costly to enforce.”133 McAfee and Brynjolfsson are confident that companies will be part of the economic landscape “for a long time to come.”134There are significant concerns relating to token sales, the recent growth of which raises important questions of regulation, governance, and stewardship.135 Certainly, we need standards at both platform and application levels. Some have argued that multiple blockchains within the music industry, for instance, could be a nightmare.136 Others have suggested that every company could participate in a number of blockchains, be they private, semi-private, or public.137 Indeed, we could end up with not one but many blockchains, and so the need for interoperability will be acute.138Standards and delivery will require multi-stakeholder stewardship at the platform level, the application level, and for the ecosystem as a whole.139The list of implementation challenges, then, is substantial.140 Still, our current IP system is broken, with the notice-and-takedown practice resembling an unwinnable game of whack-a-mole. Blockchain technology, though still emergent, seems to have revolutionary potential with diverse socio-economic applications.141By one estimate,ten percent of global gross domestic product (GDP) might be stored on blockchains by 2025.142The technology, with its “unprecedented capabilities to create and trade value in society,” might be “the foundational platform of the Fourth Industrial Revolution,” underpinning other innovations from artificial intelligence to the Internet of Things.

Technology, after all, reflects the values of those who engineer it.

Blockchain does not remove the need for trust; rather, it decentralizes trust.

Facebook's recent Cambridge Analytica data privacy scandal exhibited just how companies have harvested users’ private data for monetization purposes. An estimated 87 million users around the world have had their personal information used by analytical firms, making it one of the worst data breaches in social media history.

But the benefit is actually more general than simply aligning incentives: you can design incentives of your choosing, by giving them block rewards. Put another way: you can get people to do stuff, by rewarding them with tokens. Blockchains are incentive machines.

the killer feature is the ability to implement a fine-grained incentive system in a highly-scalable way, which supports tiny and large incentives alike)

The Internet led to the decentralization of authority-of-opinion, by making it possible for anyone to be a publisher without a multi-story building-sized printing press.

The cumulative computing power of thousands of participants, accumulated over time in a chain of increasing-difficulty proofs, ensures that no actor or even collection of actors can cheat, as they lack the computation to override the trust. As proof-of-work accumulates on the chain of highest difficulty (the blockchain), it becomes harder and harder to dispute. In bitcoin, a new proof-of-work is added every 10 minutes, with each subsequent proof making it exponentially more difficult to invalidate the previous results.

Bitcoin is a distributed consensus network that maintains a secure and trusted distributed ledger through a process called “proof-of-work.”