ol suspensions and expulsions

If Black adolescents are seen as more physicallymature than White adolescents (i.e., taller; stronger), perhapsthis is associated with the tendency to believe that Black ado-lescents are more culpable and less innocent as well

The procedure was identical to Study 2A, but participantsinstead indicated how physically strong each boy appeared,on a scale from 1 (not at all strong) to 7 (very strong)

50 to 70 inches

The procedure was identical to Study 1A except as noted

12- to 14-year-old boys

48 Whit

Studies 1A and 1B. We hypothesized that Black boyswould be judged as larger than size-matched White boys.Second, in Studies 2A and 2B, we sought to replicate andextend our findings by investigating whether the size biasoccurs with computer-generated adolescent faces varyingonly in apparent race, and with a new dependent measure ofsize.

investigate whether race-based size bias—the tendency to judge Blackmen as larger than White men—extends to adolescents.

It has been made into the confused, the trivial, the psychotic, the plasticized sensation

the context of male models of power.

Crime prevention case studies

mited to stages 3 to 5 (be-cause NHES III included children 12 to 17, consideredtoo old to estimate stage 2 reliably) and Mexican Amer-ican children from HHANES. The authors concluded thatthere is no evidence of an earlier puberty (as measuredby median ages of Tanner stages 3–5) during the timespanning the 3 surveys (1960s through 1990s) for eithernon-Hispanic black or white girls but “some evidence”for Mexican American girls between 1982 and 1994. Anadvantage of this study is the consistent reanalysis ofdata from 3 national surveys. Disadvantages of the anal-ysis are the exclusion of information on onset (Tannerstage 2), which many consider to be the key puberty-timing issue of concern, and decreased study power as aresult of limiting the sample sizes for comparison

Individual differences in physical changes associated withadolescence in girls.

at any age, black adolescentsare more advanced than white adolescents in pubertal de-velopment, consistent with prior research

Berry, D. S., & Zebrowitz-McArthur, L. (1988).

Johnson, B. M., & Collins, W. A. (1988).

(Epstein et al., 2017; Susman et al., 2010

White youth were assigned to morehours of community service for the same crime than Black youth con-ditions

Maturational level, race, and sex manipulations in Studies 1 and 2.KOCH ET AL . 957