41 Matching Annotations
  1. Jun 2017
    1. spit on his eyes

      (C) It may be excusable for people to follow through with these things, given the ignorance of the people of those times. Of course, spitting in someone's eye would most likely cause a myriad of nasty infections, but that is besides the point. What is not besides the point is that it is not excusable that these ridiculous myths are still believed by people who have access to much more information. This just shows the power of cognitive dissonance.

    1. From going to and fro on the earth, and from walking up and down on it.

      (A) This seems almost equivalent to saying the words "find" and "locate" in one phrase. It is redundant: Satan has been going all over the earth, why must it be said twice with slightly different words?

    2.  In all this Job did not sin or charge God with wrong.

      (C) This sentence sums up the the idea of the the entire passage. This is that Job is loyal to his God, and it doesn't matter if fortune or misfortune is upon him. This is, of course, the essence of sadomasochism; this seems to imply that one must love someone who one also fears.

  2. Mar 2017
    1. My best effort to disentangle them is given at "Chasing a Beam of Light: Einstein's Most Famous Thought Experiment," http://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/Goodies/Chasing_the_light

      This sounds like a source that would be very useful for my children's book, as it may provide some good analogies while explaining Einstein's thought experiment.

    2. The basic thought is clear. If Einstein were to chase after a propagating beam of light at c he would see a frozen light wave and that Einstein deemed impossible.

      This is the clearest and most concise way I have ever seen this put. The diagrams make this even more effective.

    3. From the very beginning it appeared to me intuitively clear that, judged from the standpoint of such an observer, everything would have to happen according to the same laws as for an observer who, relative to the earth, was at rest. For how should the first observer know or be able to determine, that he is in a state of fast uniform motion?

      After the first assertion, yes, this does become clear. But, as I said, it takes a lot of creativity to come up with ideas that generate postulates like this.

    4. If I pursue a beam of light with the velocity c (velocity of light in a vacuum), I should observe such a beam of light as an electromagnetic field at rest though spatially oscillating.

      This is why I think Einstein was an intellectual anomaly. There were and still are many people in the world that are very proficient at mathematics, more so than Einstein. But, to do what Einstein did, not only was mathematical understanding required, but so was creativity. Do you think you would be able to come up with these ideas, even if you had the mathematical understanding?

    1. First predicted in the 1920s by Albert Einstein and the Indian physicist Satyendra Bose, BEC wasn’t achieved in the lab until 1995.

      Predictions sometimes take a long time to test, as the technology needed to do so is sometimes not available at the time.

    2. The lower the temperature, the slower they go.

      The reason your sweat cools you off via evaporative cooling is a result of the fact that the fastest moving atoms are the ones that escape first. Thus, the net heat of your skin is decreased.

    3. In his 1933 novel “Master of Light,” French science fiction writer Maurice Renard imagined a special kind of “slow glass” through which light would take 100 years to pass.

      A lot of interesting ideas have come from science fiction, and many have turned out to be true.

    4. Light traveling through air, water, or glass, for example, will move more slowly as it interacts with the atoms in that substance.

      This is important not to forget. I feel as if the emphasis on the constancy of light speed in the popularization of physics sometimes neglects or does not sufficiently stress that c stands for the speed of light in a vacuum.

    5. Over the ensuing centuries, many other scientists improved upon Galileo’s work

      This is the case for everything not just science. Like Newton said, "If I have seen further than others, it is by standing upon the shoulders of giants."

    6. Prior to the 17th century, most natural philosophers assumed light traveled instantaneously.

      This is much like gravity was assumed to travel instantaneously by Newton.

    7. was chatting with a colleague about whether or not they could make light go slower than its “lawful” speed in a vacuum.

      It is important to ask questions like this. Questions are what generate hypothesis, experiments, and scientific progress.

    8. one must be careful not to confuse the speed at which light travels, which is just a feature of light, with its central role in special relativity, which holds that the speed of light is constant in all frames of reference

      This article gave me many insights on light. However, for my children's book, I do not need all of these details. All I need is to find a way to explain the warping of space and time to keep the speed of light constant.

    9. The current accepted value is 299,792.458 kilometers per second

      I need to find an example that a child can relate to for explaining just how fast this realy is. Perhaps the number of times around the earth you could travel in one second.

    10. Their results fell between 200,000 kilometers per second, recorded in 1675 by Ole Roemer, who made his measurement by studying eclipse patterns in Jupiter’s moons, and 313,000 kilometers per second, recorded in 1849 by Hippolyte Louis Fizeau, who sent light through a rotating tooth wheel and then reflected it back with a mirror. The current accepted value is 299,792.458 kilometers per second

      It is incredible that the measurements made in 1675 and 1849 were not that far off, conisidering the scale of the calculations and the inaccuracy of the tools being used to make them. This reminds me of Eratosthenes's calculation of the circumfirence of the earth which was incredibly close to the real number, and was made with a very simple experiment and some geometry.

    11. ten times the speed of sound

      Thunder could be used to picture the fact that light travels faster than sound, as the flash of light you see precedes the sound.

    12. A Brief History of the Speed of Light

      Overall, this article gave me ideas on the characteristics of light, and how to introduce them in my children's book.

      I still however need to find other sources on how to explain the warping of spacetime.

    13. Galileo concluded, estimating that light travels at about ten times the speed of sound.

      It is incredible that with such rudimentary equipment and what seems like an exeriment set-up to fail, Galileo left the possibility open that perhaps light just travels incredibly fast.

    14. The experiment showed that it is possible for light to travel at a slower speed even in free space

      I did not believe this to be possible, but this is how science works! New experimental data is always comming in and it could change the ideas we have about fundamental concepts that we thought were already established very well.

    1. Ref: arxiv.org/abs/1011.1318: A Review Of One-Way And Two-Way Experiments To Test The Isotropy Of The Speed Of Light

      I will be sure to read this source.

    2. It also ushered in the idea of space-time as a single entity. This leads directly to the derivation of the laws of physics as spacetime symmetries, a process that has been crucial for both general relativity and the standard model of particle physics.

      Like anything else, advancements in science are built on top of prior ones.

    3. string theory

      Even if this prediction is verified, this does not mean that string theory is correct. String theory's problem is it is very heavily based on the mathematics, and it is very hard to devise a way to test its predictions.

    4. The process of absorption is very sensitive to the energy of the gamma rays. So if the speed of light (and therefore its energy) varies with direction, then the rate of absorption ought to change too.

      Although this seems sensible when you read it, It is usually hard to actually design an experiment to test the designated hypothesis.

    5. these experiments leave open the possibility that the speed of light is different over each leg of the journey.

      This is very true. Nothing in science is an absolute truth, it cannot be. We know that relativity is incomplete, much Newtonian gravity was. Although not likely, dark matter and energy may not exist, rather, our understanding of gravity via general relativity is wrong.

    1. Google search engine does not serve the purpose as it does in most cases. Its search results are not perfect some times

      Regardless of this weird sentence, I disagree with this. Yes, google does produce a majority of garbage results, but who's fault is that really, the tool or the tool's user? If you know how to use google appropriately, then it will be just as adequate as any other search engine.

    2. Virtual LRC

      The appearance of a website plays a big role in whether I like it (I know not a very scientific reason). Virtual LRC just doesn't make the cut for me.

    3. Google Scholar

      In the past, when I used Google scholar, it has usually came up scholarly articles that require access to be granted (i.e. by buying them or requesting permission from the authors).

    4. Google search engine does not serve the purpose as it does in most cases

      Something is off about this sentence, I have reread it and it still seems odd, perhaps an error in punctuation?

    1. The plus operator (+)

      My research question is about what the basis for the second of the two postulates of special relativity was. I used the strategy of the plus operator (+) and my search looked like this; "basis for special relativity postulates + explained".

    2. Forums are great places to look for solutions to technical problems.

      Although I would probably not research topics on forums, they do indeed come in handy when I have technical issues.

    3. When doing research, it's best to go directly to the source, and site search is a great way to do that.

      This is a bit similar to the site:[country code] method used to refine searches to a particular country. Doing site specific searches seems like it would be very useful, especially as one usually has reputable sources in mind.

    4. (~): Include a tilde in front of a word to return results that include synonyms.

      This seems very handy! I wonder if it can be used along with an asterisk, resulting in in synonyms in all their forms being searched.

    5. way to discover similar, related searches.

      I used to think that it is much easier to come across that which you are not looking for in a library than on the internet. Although this still holds true to some extent in my mind, this point does make the issue less black and white.

    6. It's usually best to enter the base word so that you don't exclude relevant pages.

      One can also use an asterisk after a word to indicate all forms of said word (e.g. walk*=walk, walking, walked).

    7. Use Caterpillar -Inc to exclude references to the company or Caterpillar -Inc -Cat to further refine the search.

      This is very useful, as refining the search results in more relevant results.