crownèd
Referring to the crown of thorns when Jesus was crucified, but I am wondering why the e is accented.
crownèd
Referring to the crown of thorns when Jesus was crucified, but I am wondering why the e is accented.
Her hue more white than walrus-bone
Wow what a statement, her skin whiter than walrus-bone! I looked up walrus bone and google directs me to the intriguing fact that walruses have large baculum, "a bone found in the penis of most mammals. though absent in humans". I am guessing the writer is using that walrus bone as the metaphor.
Kirtle
A kirtle is a type of clothing, usually a woman's gown or outer petticoat and a man's tunic or coat..
fleur-de-lys
According to Oxford Dictionary fleur-de-lys means , "a stylized lily composed of three petals bound together near their bases. It is especially known from the former royal arms of France, in which it appears in gold on a blue field."
I know that its long but just imagine the New Orleans Saints' logo.
mien
According to Oxford Dictionary mien means, "a person's look or manner, especially one of a particular kind indicating their character or mood."
bedight
According to Oxford Dictionary bedight means, "adorned."
I stood as quiet as hawk in hall.
I understand that the writer is trying to describe how quiet he was, but because I don't really understand the simile quiet as hawk in hall I am not sure how powerful his statement is supposed to be.
debonaire
Also spelled as debonair, according to Merriam Webster Dictionary means, "courteous, gracious, and having a sophisticated charm" However it is kind of weird to see it used alongside maiden since it is typically used to describe a gentleman.
‘t was
fancy way of saying it was.
deigns
According to Oxford Dictionary, deign means, "do something that one considers to be beneath one's dignity." (condescend)
Bliss brims my brains
I wonder why the writer gives brain an s to make it plural. It sounds kind of weird in this sentence, but then again there is that saying "blow my brains out" which looks kind of weird to me now that I think about it.
beauteousness
I did not know there was this variation of beauty, and I am not even sure if it is a valid word, however the dictionary definition of beauteousness (Although it is underlined in red as if it was a typo) is, "the quality of being good looking and attractive. comeliness, loveliness, fairness."
Chance
I wonder why this is capitalized. Perhaps the writer is using the word chance as an alias for someone/something.
ghost
Ghost and spirit can often be used interchangeably in Christianity. It is common to hear or call the Holy Spirit the Holy Ghost and the same goes for spirit and ghost (not to be confused with the Halloween, Casper looking ghost).
gromwell
Its a type of flower that is common in the UK, I would give the definition of it but it is often described as a plant with smooth glossy hard white nutlets.
sheen
Although it is easy to infer as it is paired with bright, the dictionary definition of sheen is, "a soft luster on a surface."
Gilliflower
According to Oxford dictionary Gilliflower means, "any of a number of fragrant flowers, such as the wallflower, clove pink, or white stock." Imagine carnations.
offenderstobepunished.SoLordRobertTresillian
What happened here? ¯_( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)_/¯
execrably
According to Oxford Dictionary execrably means,<br> "extremely bad or unpleasant."
laity
The Laymen, or people in the church that are not not ordained as clergy or clerics. Your normal church-goers.
who is able bodied and below the age of 60 years
I thought it was interesting to see this because from what I recall the lifespan in the 1300's was well below that. "In the Middle Ages, the average life span of males born in landholding families in England was 31.3 years and the biggest danger was surviving childhood.Once children reached the age of 10, their life expectancy was 32.2 years, and for those who survived to 25, the remaining life expectancy was 23.3 years."
shall take no more by the working-day than 6d
Since there is a lot more s' and d's to come in the reading, S is for a shilling, and D is for a pence. 12 pence or (d) is equivalent to 1 shilling or (s) and 20 shillings make a pound (£).
http://faculty.goucher.edu/eng240/early_english_currency.htm
A man could have a horse previously valued at 40s
Honestly I am not sure what the s' and d's are but I can assume horses are like the Balenciagas of the 14th century
parishioners
According to Oxford Dictionary a parishioner is, "an inhabitant of a parish ((in the Christian Church) a small administrative district typically having its own church and a priest or pastor.)"
the King had forbidden all riot or noise
Talk about a party pooper! They wiped thousands of big mouthed Genoese and they can't even celebrate properly smh
they had come within three leagues of their enemies
I had no idea league would have so many definitions, but according to Oxford Dictionary a league could mean, "a former measure of distance by land, usually about three miles."
measure of wheat
Just for reference, a ‘measure of wheat’ baked about one loaf of bread. They probably use the price of a measure of bread to display how bad the famine was. (Keep in mind it would take a laborer only earns about 2 pence a day, so it would take 20 days to buy a loaf of bread)
pence
Pence, also known as the pence sterling, according to the Oxford Dictionary means, "plural form of penny." It is a currency used in the United Kingdom and is equivalent to about a penny. However back in the day according to https://thehistoryofengland.co.uk/resource/medieval-prices-and-wages/ laborers would earn about 2 pence a day, and a skilled worker maybe up to 4 pence a day.
com- mon
I wonder what this - is about.
interceded
Intercede according to the dictionary means, "to intervene on behalf of another." and is a Biblical term that means to pray to God on behalf of a person, people, or place. For example a prophet would intercede or pray to God on behalf of a city that turned their faces away from God in order to spare the city from it's demise.
incorrigible
Incorrigible according to Oxford Dictionary means, "(of a person or their tendencies) not able to be corrected, improved, or reformed" and in context to the sentence, I assume it means that if God sees that the people don't change their ways after the warnings (natural disaster) he will smite them.
Now within the pavilion was a very rich bed, carved by cunning workmen in the days of King Solomon
In case anyone did not know, in the Bible King Solomon was filthy stinking rich and had some of the most exotic and luxurious pieces of work. Like everything was made out of gold, so this bed is something special I am sure.
He saw clearly, and told it to his heart, that there was no lady in his life to whom he could run for pity, and be made whole of his wound.
If only Gugemar had tinder :(
varlet
A varlet, according to Oxford Dictionary is, "a man or boy acting as an attendant or servant." I honestly didn't expect there to be more terms for a person like this.
goodlier
goodly, according to Oxford Dictionary means,"considerable in size or quantity." I assume Gugemar was a big person.
japer
According to dictionary.com jape means, "to mock or make fun of" I assume a japer is a joker and would be the same thing or similar to a 'smiler'... just a wild guess
Tristan and Ysuelt legend
Also known as Tristan and Isolde, in short the legend is a tragic romance between a Cornish knight and Irish princess Isolde/Yseult/whatever.
de France
de means "of" in French, so her name is Marie of France. To me its pretty funny because it sounds like an actual name but to French people it probably seems like something totally different. I cannot imagine myself taking a poet seriously if their alias was "William of Lubbock" or something like that.
scant
Scant, according to Oxford Dictionary means,"barely sufficient or adequate". In this sentence I assume it means there isn't much biographical detail about Marie de France.
they came to his support from every land that was Christian; and they went and slew or drove away all the heathen folk, and won their land again, through God’s assistance
Once again this sounds straight from the Bible. Perhaps the person who wrote this part of the Chronicle wanted to copy the format of the Bible in certain ways.
Yet such things happen for folks’ sins, that they will not love God and righteousness. So it was in those days, that little righteousness was in this land with any men but with the monks alone, wherever they fared well.
This whole passage sounds very familiar to text in the books Kings and Chronicles from the Bible.
Sandwich
This really caught my attention for obvious reasons. I always wondered why a sandwich is called a sandwich since I don't really see the connection of words, but maybe this explains it a little more.
pall
Had to look up what pall meant since I had hoped Siric was just looking for a friend or his paladin, but turns out he was after Abbot Edwin's coffin cloth.
Abbot Edwin, and Abbot Wulfgar succeeded to the abbacy
An Abbot is "a man who is the head of an abbey of monks." based off Oxford Dictionary, and the abbacy is the term of office, kind of like presidency.
holy King Edward
I find it kind of intriguing that King Edward is the only King in this text that is labeled as 'holy'.
fastnesses of the moors
Two for one vocabulary special! A fastnesses is "a secure refuge, especially a place well protected by natural features." and a moor is "a tract of open uncultivated upland; a heath." based off Oxford Dictionary.
Exeter
In the long list of unfamiliar locations and names, it feels nice to see a place I am somewhat familiar with :D
again made peace with the army.
Since they made peace with the army is such a broad term that is used so frequently in this text, I wonder in what ways did they 'make peace'. Intermarrying, bribes, peace treaties, and etc.
etheling
Ætheling is another way to type/say it, is essentially a term for princes that were eligible for Kingship in the Anglo-Saxon time period.
thane
Based of Oxford dictionary a thane is "(in Anglo-Saxon England) a man who held land granted by the king or by a military nobleman, ranking between an ordinary freeman and a hereditary noble."
swain
Although there are multiple definitions of a swain, I believe the appropriate definition would be "a country youth" based of Oxford Dictionary
alderman
The definition of an alderman based of Oxford Dictionary is "an elected member of a municipal council."
Chronicle
This text reminds me a lot about the Biblical chapter "Chronicles" in the way it is formatted. The definition of chronicle based off Oxford Dictionary is "a factual written account of important or historical events in the order of their occurrence."
Anglo-Saxon
The Anglo-Saxons were a cultural group who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th century. They were comprised from Germanic tribes who migrated to England.
Marcian and Valentinian assumed the empire
Marcian was the Eastern Roman Emperor from 450 to 457 and Valentinian was the Western Roman Emperor from 425 to 455.