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  1. Dec 2017
    1. Using archived specimens and field surveys of bumble bees and host plants, we explored four potential mechanisms for this change in tongue length: (i) decreasing body size, (ii) coevolution with floral traits, (iii) competition from subalpine invaders, and (iv) diminishing floral resources.

      Subalpine bee species have begun to move into alpine climate and compete with the native alpine bees, due to the warming of the alpine climate.