- Dec 2023
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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But even people who thought they were doing something good regretted the consequences of their creations, such as Eli Whitney who hoped his invention of the cotton gin would reduce slavery in the United States, but only made it worse, or Alfred Nobel who invented dynamite (which could be used in construction or in war) and decided to create the Nobel prizes, or Albert Einstein regretting his role in convincing the US government to invent nuclear weapons, or Aza Raskin regretting his invention infinite scroll.
The dynamic between making something that can improve society and later it becoming a problem seems to be a pattern in modern society. For instance, automated AI replacing jobs and entire websites, or online shopping surging in the pandemic shutting down small and local businesses.
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In England in the early 1800s, Luddites were upset that textile factories were using machines to replace them, leaving them unemployed, so they sabotaged the machines.
This reminds me of how in the 21st century, people are scared AI and bots are going to overturn humans and provide cheaper and more accurate results in companies and business. The parallels being similar, despite centuries apart, show how similar human traits are regardless of the changes in society.
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- Nov 2023
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Colonialism is when one group or country subjugates another group, often imposing laws, religion, culture, and languages on that group, and taking resources from them.
I find that this term has a predetermined negative connotation to it, regardless of context. The belief that certain groups of people are "inferior" based on language, skin color, or background limits them in all aspects of society such as jobs, health care, politics, rights, etc.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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19.1.2. Socialism
I find that people use capitalist and socialism as interchangeable terms, including myself at times. Reading their definitions made me realize that the two are in fact different, particularly about how the government and people are involved publicly and are predetermined.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Another way of considering public shaming is as schadenfreude, meaning the enjoyment obtained from the troubles of others.
A lot of trending topics today, particularly ones of judgement or scandals, thrive on finding something negative to call someone or something out on. This sometimes can lead to false news, doxxing, and even threats that can be taken seriously because of rumors or misunderstandings twisted out of proportion.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Shame is the feeling that “I am bad,” and the natural response to shame is for the individual to hide, or the community to ostracize the person. Guilt is the feeling that “This specific action I did was bad.” The natural response to feeling guilt is for the guilty person to want to repair the harm of their action.
I feel that many people use these terms interchangeably, which provides the idea that if someone does something "bad", regardless of how extreme, they are "bad". This ideology can involve many different other broader factors such as politics and economy, but acknowledging something faulty about a person doesn't necessarily bring about positive or negative consequences because of that self-awareness.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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“It is always morally correct to bully billionaires.”
I find it interesting how morals are involved in this statement. I feel like being morally obligated to harass or bully someone, regardless of the reasoning or factors, brings up questions on violence and making it normalized when it comes to certain cases.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Cross-platform raids (e.g., 4chan group planning harassment on another platform)
Through personal experiences of using social media, I feel like cross-platform raids are uncommon from what I've heard. A lot of users that use a specific platform will bully or harass a person through that social media in most cases as the group of people formed on that particular platform instead of another.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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For example, in the immediate aftermath of the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing, FBI released a security photo of one of the bombers and asked for tips. A group of Reddit users decided to try to identify the bomber(s) themselves. They quickly settled on a missing man (Sunil Tripathi) as the culprit (it turned out had died by suicide and was in no way related to the case), and flooded the Facebook page set up to search for Sunil Tripathi, causing his family unnecessary pain and difficulty. The person who set up the “Find Boston Bomber” Reddit board said “It Was a Disaster” but “Incredible”, and Reddit apologized for online Boston ‘witch hunt’.
This is a good example of why crowdsourcing, in certain cases, is more harmful than helpful. Incidents like this can put innocent people at risk with the law and continue to instigate/encourage illegal and violent activity to occur in today's society.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Fold-It is a game that lets players attempt to fold proteins. At the time, researchers were having trouble getting computers to do this task for complex proteins, so they made a game for humans to try it. Researchers analyzed the best players’ results for their research and were able to publish scientific discoveries based on the contributions of players.
I've never even heard of such a concept of scientists making games for their own research but simultaneously being a hobby for other people. Its really interesting how other opinions of people on the same concept can provide faster and more open solutions.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Another strategy for content moderation is using bots, that is computer programs that look through posts or other content and try to automatically detect problems. These bots might remove content, or they might flag things for human moderators to review.
I feel like bots aren't always the better alternative when it comes to monitoring content. Sometimes, a bot will take down a piece of content that wasn't violating any guidelines, but may have somehow triggered the bot to view it as a problem. Human moderators are more precise with their monitoring because of their bias and ability to dissect the issue at hand.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Another category is content that users or advertisers might find offensive. If users see things that offend them too often, they might leave the site, and if advertisers see their ads next to too much offensive content, they might stop paying for ads on the site. So platforms might put limits on language (e.g., racial slurs), violence, sex, and nudity. Sometimes different users or advertisers have different opinions on what should be allowed or not. For example, “The porn ban of 2018 was a defining event for Tumblr that led to a 30 percent drop in traffic and a mass exodus of users that blindsided the company.”
It's really interesting how shocking or controversial topics makes websites and social platforms gain more traction, despite it risking a negative spotlight or problematic reputation for the platform. Its parallel to clickbait and how viewers or interactions are more likely considering how intriguing the topic may be, regardless of how morally right or wrong it is.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Munchausen Syndrome (or Factitious disorder imposed on self) is when someone pretends to have a disease, like cancer, to get sympathy or attention. People with various illnesses often find support online, and even form online communities. It is often easier to fake an illness in an online community than in an in-person community, so many have done so (like the fake @Sciencing_Bi fake dying of covid in the authenticity chapter). People who fake these illnesses often do so as a result of their own mental illness, so, in fact, “they are sick, albeit […] in a very different way than claimed.”
I've noticed a lot of users nowadays make their illnesses or disabilities almost as a personality trait. Although this brings awareness to mental health and disabilities, it can place people in a mindset that causes them to overthink or panic about what possible conditions they have, which can bring harm to others.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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The problem is it - we are hyper-connected, and we’re lonely.
I find it interesting how social media and mental health have such a complex relationship, more so now than decades ago. Despite social media becoming more of a hub for artists and creators, there's still massive amounts of toxicity and pressure that people judge themselves and others for.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Finally, social media platforms use algorithms and design layouts which determine what posts people see. There are various rules and designs social media sites can use, and they can amplify natural selection and unnatural selection in various ways. They can do this through recommendation algorithms as we saw last chapter, as well as choosing what actions are allowed and what amount of friction is given to those actions, as well as what data is collected and displayed.
I draw parallels between celebrities, popular posts, drama, etc., with natural selection because of how popular topics or keywords can make the post or person immediately "selected" for the spotlight. Especially if people give more "friction" to the original post, it makes similarly formatted posts selected to be part of the popular or trending topics.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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A meme is a piece of culture that might reproduce in an evolutionary fashion, like a hummable tune that someone hears and starts humming to themselves, perhaps changing it, and then others overhearing next.
I knew memes were a large representation of 2000s-2020s, but I didn't know that the concept of them originated from early concepts such as evolution. Memes are described in this definition as a pattern, but one that develops over time in accordance to an evolving society.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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One concern with how recommendation algorithms is that they can create filter bubbles (or “epistemic bubbles” or “echo chambers”), where people get filtered into groups and the recommendation algorithm only gives people content that reinforces and doesn’t challenge their interests or beliefs. These echo chambers allow people in the groups to freely have conversations among themselves without external challenge.
I feel like covid played a big role in making filter bubbles more prominent in social media. Over the last few years, I have noticed a shift in how people organize themselves online, whether it's aligning themself with an aesthetic, a community, political views, etc. Interacting with people who identify themselves as part of a filtered community is so interesting compared to what other opinions and beliefs other groups hold.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Time since posting (e.g., show newer posts, or remind me of posts that were made 5 years ago today) Whether the post was made or liked by my friends or people I’m following How much this post has been liked, interacted with, or hovered over Which other posts I’ve been liking, interacting with, or hovering over What people connected to me or similar to me have been liking, interacting with, or hovering over What people near you have been liking, interacting with, or hovering over (they can find your approximate location, like your city, from your internet IP address, and they may know even more precisely) This perhaps explains why sometimes when you talk about something out loud it gets recommended to you (because someone around you then searched for it). Or maybe they are actually recording what you are saying and recommending based on that. Phone numbers or email addresses (sometimes collected deceptively) can be used to suggest friends or contacts. And probably many more factors as well!
This reminds me of how it seems like social media platforms almost "listen" to what I am talking about or show interests in. I see ads or posts that I might have mentioned in passing or liked the topic, and the ads appear on my home page perfectly curated for me, which I have always found impressive yet slightly concerning.
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- Oct 2023
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Most humans are trichromats, meaning they can see three base colors (red, green, and blue), along with all combinations of those three colors. Human societies often assume that people will be trichromats. So people who can’t see as many colors are considered to be color blind, a disability. But there are also a small number of people who are tetrachromats and can see four base colors
This is a new term for me, as I've learned about the primary colors of red, green, and blue in electromagnetic waves and the colors of pixels images are made up of, but I didn't know that most people see in these colors as well. Its also interesting how trichtomats and tetrachromats aren't defined as being disabled, despite not being able to see certain colors.
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It's really interesting to me that disabilities are considered "subjective" to each society. Just because I am able to see, hear, walk, or do something doesn't prove I'm completely able to do something in every society or environment.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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I encounter non-user information primarily when I use a new website or social media platform, and even before signing in or creating an account, sometimes the database will know my exact location, my first and last name, phone number, etc. Some platforms and apps don't have this information until it is given to them by the user, which is a much safer and controlled option.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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I think the phrasing "right to be forgotten" almost has a cryptic meaning behind it, as nothing on the internet can truly be forgotten, even if it is wiped from an account, search results, archives, etc. I also found that regulations surrounding the internet very different compared to the U.S. and international countries, as I've never even heard of this regulation here.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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The more time users spend, the more money the site can get from ads, and also the more power and influence those social media sites have over those users
Despite knowing that time=money, especially in the case of social media, I've always wondered where the money itself came from. Does the government pay companies for every 1,000 views or 100 interactions or is it more aligned with Bitcoin/similar forms of money?
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Additionally, groups keep trying to re-invent old debunked pseudo-scientific (and racist) methods of judging people based on facial features (size of nose, chin, forehead, etc.), but now using artificial intelligence.
I find it surprising how people are overlooked now in favor for the judgement of AI. Rather than having one-on-one human interaction and interpreting the person as you are interacting with them, AI is using numbers and calculations to analyze and critique the person in question, making the judgement less realistic and an unfairness in the sense that a non-sentient thing is judging a sentient being.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Do not argue with trolls - it means that they win
Trolls definitely like to instigate arguments and/or hurt feelings. I relate it back to my previously mentioned annotation of the corporate ladder where if a lower position/newbie argues with the manager/troll, the manager ultimately wins regardless of what was said, as they were trying to make an argument start in the first place.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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In the early Internet message boards that were centered around different subjects, experienced users would “troll for newbies” by posting naive questions that all the experienced users were already familiar with. The “newbies” who didn’t realize this was a troll would try to engage and answer, and experienced users would feel superior and more part of the group knowing they didn’t fall for the troll like the “newbies” did. These message boards are where the word “troll” with this meaning comes from.
I think trolling is, in some senses, similar to how society and the idea of how a corporate ladder works. Starting positions at big companies are comparable to "newbies", and sometimes are put down by managers/employers/bosses simply for not being as experienced or high power as they are. These actions also are comparable to the effects of trolling, which are often negative and taken seriously by the receiving end.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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why are so many young people flocking to brands on social media for love, guidance, and attention? I’ll tell you why. they’re isolated from real communities, working service jobs they hate while barely making ends meat, and are living w/ unchecked personal/mental health problems (see whole thread here)
People using social media as a form of validation is a very common pattern in today's society. The comparison between their lives in-person and online is so drastic, almost as if entering a virtual and ideal reality of theirs. Specifically, young teens and adults seem to be creating a new version of themselves, creating the internet to be an ideal representation of themselves.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Afterward, Mr. Eisen began to search for any evidence that @Sciencing_Bi had been a real person. He could not find any. “The combination of the weird things that were happening on the call and looking at the tweets and seeing how much they circled BethAnn, it just became obvious to me,” he said. “‘Oh, [@Sciencing_Bi] is BethAnn.’” The Anonymous Professor Who Wasn’t - The New York Times
This incident reminds me of how people will pretend or even in some cases, claim, to be a race that they definitely aren't. People change their race because of romanticizing, sexualization, aesthetics, etc. On the internet, people has gone as far as allowing certain hobbies or interests to be for certain races and entertaining the idea of "race-fishing" to seem more appealing or interesting.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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One famous example of reducing friction was the invention of infinite scroll. When trying to view results from a search, or look through social media posts, you could only view a few at a time, and to see more you had to press a button to see the next “page” of results. This is how both Google search and Amazon search work at the time this is written. In 2006, Aza Raskin invented infinite scroll, where you can scroll to the bottom of the current results, and new results will get automatically filled in below. Most social media sites now use this, so you can then scroll forever and never hit an obstacle or friction as you endlessly look at social media posts. Aza Raskin regrets what infinite scroll has done to make it harder for users to break away from looking at social media sites.
This infinite scroll ability also reminds me about how game development has evolved. 8-bit and point-click games also couldn't show more than one scene at a time, and from which developed side-scrollers, platforms, and eventually open-world, which is almost infinite in terms of possibilities and choices, similar to how social media works today.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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It's really interesting about the fact that the textbook (for now) focuses a lot on The United States' development of media and its foundation. It would be interesting to see how different international countries were in how developed their internet/messaging/ and online databases were compared to the U.S.'s.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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coordinated humans + automation.
I found the idea of "coordinated humans" to be really interesting. It makes me think about how, especially in today's technological advancements and pull towards an AI-focused society, we could all just be a string of binary codes in a general computer, similar to Social Security Numbers in a sense.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Fig. 4.11 When viewing the fire emoji (🔥) close-up on a screen, you can see the bands of red, green, and blue that make up each pixel. If you try squinting your eyes or looking at the image from far away, it should blur back into the emoji.
I knew that most images are made up of the RGB scale, just to a very small degree. This also makes me wonder if there are images made of the MYC scale (magenta, yellow, cyan) which are the actual primary colors for light waves and on the electromagnetic spectrum.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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In contrast to humans, bots dont have any sort of ethics or morals. Because of this, most bots that appear to be racist aren't racist because of the programmers intentions (sometimes it may be the case), but rather the bot not being able to differentiate what is morally right and wrong because of the lack of understanding and morals of racism, homophobia, sexism, etc.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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I find it interesting that there is a protagonist and antagonistic bots. Since bots don't have sentience or human emotions, the "types" of bots they are are predetermined by the programmer and their intentions. The decision the programmer makes on the bot's function plays a key role on how the internet is affected as a result of the bots instructions.
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- Sep 2023
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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It's actually very interesting to think about how a lot of ethical decisions we make daily are originally based off of frameworks that philosophers/teachers/etc. had created hundreds of years ago. Confucianism, taoism, nihilism is implemented within several decisions that we as a society make every day, and it reflects upon our character, community, and even our society as a whole.
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social-media-ethics-automation.github.io social-media-ethics-automation.github.io
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Confucianism (another link)# Being and becoming an exemplary person (e.g., benevolent; sincere; honoring and sacrificing to ancestors; respectful to parents, elders and authorities, taking care of children and the young; generous to family and others). These traits are often performed and achieved through ceremonies and rituals (including sacrificing to ancestors, music, and tea drinking), resulting in a harmonious society.
Confucianism incorporates the balance between nature, man, and the cosmos (otherwise refereed to as heaven). The balance of heaven was reflective on human relations, which the hierarchy of relationships was a fundamental in the foundation of Confucianist framework and ideology. in the modern China, a large portion of the society relies on Confucianist framework that makes a parallel connection between state/government and values of human connection/family.
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