When presented with a grainy video that claimed to expose the stuffing of ballot boxes during the 2016 Democratic primaries, 52 percent of the students rated the video as “strong evidence” of voter fraud within the United States. Although the video was actually produced in Russia and an Internet search would have quickly indicated that the video was a hoax, only three students attempted to find the source for the video.

women are more likely to internalize their conflicts (resulting in anxiety and depression),

the mental health profession was largely silent about the influence of spirituality or religion on mental health.

bedlam, which has become synonymous with chaos and disorder, was the shortened name of Bethlehem Hospital, an asylum in England that has come to symbolize the plight of people experiencing severe mental illness. Patients were bound by chains, left untreated, and exhibited to the public in the courtyard.

high number of women who were accused and persecuted suggests that other sociological factors were involved, such as patriarchal (male-dominated) societal conditions (Reed, 2007).

such as a sudden inability to speak or to walk) were due to the wandering of the woman’s uterus in search of a child.

“code of silence” regarding mental illness, especially when a family member has not “come out” regarding their situation.

Such public disclosure and openness has come from well-known celebrities, including Adele, Miley Cyrus, Kendall Jenner, Dwayne Johnson, Demi Lovato, Zayn Malik, Nicki Manaj, Gina Rodriquez, and Emma Stone, and sports figures, including NFL wide receiver Brandon Marshall, gymnast and gold medal winner Simone Biles, professional basketball player Royce White, and tennis champions Naomi Osaka and Serena Williams.

Dysfunction can also be assessed by comparing an individual’s performance with their potential. For example, a sudden drop in academic performance may signal that a college student is experiencing anxiety, depression, or another common mental disorder.