Ovsiankina effect
Ovsiankina effect versus Zeigarnik effect: Zeigarnik: * idea that an interrupted/unfinished activity may be more readily recalled * people remember interrupted/unfinished tasks more than completed tasks
Ovsiankina: * tendency to resume an unfinished activity due to intent * creates intrusive thoughts and cognitive dissonance
A switch costis a reduction in performance accuracy or speed that results from shifting between tasks. Arich body of research in psychological science has documented that the behavioral costs of task switching are typically unavoidable: individuals almost always take longer to complete a task and do so with more errors when switching between tasks than when they stay with one task. Neuroimaging work from our lab and others has helped to highlight the effects of task switching in the brain.
A switch cost is a trade-off between attention and task performance. If you engage in one but switch to another, your performance and/or speed in the tasks will decrease. Research supports this, showing that you will take longer and execute more errors. Thus, it is important to direct your attention to one task only so as to complete things in a timely and efficient manner. This passage highlights the counterproductive, negative effects of multitasking.
when we multitask, the ventral attention network is more prone to be captured by competing streams of information, including information that is relevant to one task but irrelevant to––and thus disruptive of performance of––another task. Because on-task behavior emerges from interactions among the three brain networks, when we multitask, there are multiple competing sources of what constitutes relevant and irrelevant goals and information. This can cause interference and complex interactions between attention and control brain networks.
"Multitasking" is a misnomer. To engage in a task involves interactions between the frontoparietal and dorsal networks especially, along with the ventral attention network, which is responsible for directing attention. Thus, distractions can cause an individual to have reoriented attention to something distracting as the ventral attention network is distracted by other streams of information. This disrupts one's task performance on the original task.
So, as the frontoparietal, dorsal, and ventral networks interact during the execution of a task, complex interactions can occur between the networks and attention can be inferfered with.
agenesis
failure of organ formation during developmental stage