bring to light information affecting publicwell-being and safety

allow individuals to understand how the resultsof research affect their lives and, in some cases,assist individuals in making informed decisions inlight of the results; and

further the public’s understanding of, andparticipation in, the debate of issues of the day

Not only do they have potentially negativeconsequences for the public, they can also damagethe reputation and funding prospects of theresearchers themselves, as well as reducing publicconfidence in science in general.

These have included research on thehealth risks of tobacco smoking, the safety of theMMR vaccine, the impact of genetically-modifiedfoods, and the effect of human activities on globalclimate

The communication of research results can havesignificant impact on members of the public, leadingto changes in their views, attitudes and behaviour.These changes can have the effect of improvingpeople’s lives, by helping them, for instance, to avoidpotential dangers to their health.

Lay summaries, carefully prepared by collaborationbetween researchers and professional journals, couldserve an important function when communicating tothe public

state of human society

well-being of individuals

state of the environment

public policy

eating or life-style habits of consumers

well-being of patients

tially weak.

The first kind of explanation included test so­phistication and altered test.:.taking strategies, and these were eviden

effective interest rate on Russian government debt soared to almost 10% as bond investors sold heavily to seek safer havens

central bank increased the daily amount of roubles it would swap for dollars from $3bn to $5bn

Russia holds a formidable war chest of more than $600bn (£450bn) in foreign-exchange reserves and gold that it can use in currency markets to prop up the rouble.

Russia’s main stock exchange fell 30% after reopening, while the MSCI index of shares in Russian companies traded in London and New York dropped 45%.

an all-time low of 89.60 against the dollar

Corn has adapted to just about every climate that humans have adapted to

C4 plants use water more efficiently in photosynthesis

special cells that make them up to three times as productive

Corn has a particular kind of metabolism shared only with 5 percent of flowering plants

wheat comes in at about 4 million calories per acre, soy at 6 million. Rice is also very high-yielding, at 11 million, and potatoes are one of the few crops that can rival corn: They also yield about 15 million

If you had taken our 2014 corn harvest of 14.2 billion bushels and used it to feed people, it would have met 17 percent of the entire world’s caloric needs.

corn averages roughly 15 million calories per acre.

In the calorie department, corn is king

Calories matter because every last one of us needs about 1 million of them each year

90 million U.S. acres