Between 1850 and 1940, almost 900,000 French Canadians leave Lower Canada for the United States.

English deputies are opposed to the officialrecognition of French which nonetheless will be used.

the Test Oath prevents Canadians (Catholics) from acceding to public office.

Beginning of the deportation of Acadians.

Québec City is captured by the Kirke brothers and is in British hands for three years.

This step back for artistic liberty is intolerable. The pressures of censors and the moral weakness of co-producers cannot have the last word when it comes to artistic freedom. Debate, yes. Support for more diversity in the arts, absolutely. Rolling back freedoms, never!”

The ensuing backlash led to the remaining shows being canceled

We talk about human pain, experienced together. All cultures and ethnicities suffer the same.”

Though the show uses slave songs and slavery imagery, only two out of seven actors were people of color.

During a trip to New York City, FLQ member Pierre Vallières was arrested for associating with the Black Panthers and subsequently jailed at the Manhattan House of Detention for Men.

Subban pledged to donate $10 million to a Montreal hospital without going through the Canadiens’ own charitable foundation—thus robbing the organization of the ensuing public relations bounce.

We load our obsessions, dreams, hopes and frustrations on the back of exactly one team, and the strain must be unbearable at times.

Subban managed to unite French and English fans.

This being Montreal, and this being hockey

Weber, who has spent his entire professional career with the Nashville Predators, is a stay-at-home defenceman

Bauer's book has six chapters, one of which was written by Benoît Melançon, author of the book Les Yeux de Maurice Richard (The Eyes of Maurice Richard, which will be published in English in April 2009 as The Rocket: A Cultural History of Maurice Richard).

"If they can make connections between religion and sport, it helps get people involved; there will be a lot of diversity."

In addition to the class, Bauer has launched an essay contest asking the question, "Are the Montreal Canadiens a religion?"

"When we learned about the 100th anniversary, we thought it was a good time to talk about the relationship between sport and religion

In Prof. Olivier Bauer's class at the Université de Montréal, worshippers can argue that their team is their religion.

"If that was the start of the Quiet Revolution,it wasn't very quiet."

Mayor Jean Drapeau telephoned Campbell at the NHL officein town and begged him not to attend the game that night.

Three days later Campbell suspendedRichard for the Canadiens' three remaining regular-season gamesand the entire playoffs. Montreal was aghast.

No athlete has embodied the soul of a city and the spirit of itspeople as Richard did in the 1940s and '50s in Montreal,

Sportsriots have become commonplace

In the nineteenth century, the authors and content of school textbooks were most often selected and judged in relation to the Catholic faith.

He claimed that separating the two spheres would be equivalent “to placing a moral dualism in the minds of young French Canadians [...] forcing them to choose between their faith and their nationality.”

After visiting the Pope,who had criticized him for having made extreme nationalist remarks,

He saw the literature of English-speaking North America as “the most abject expression of egotism, materialism, the worship of gold and material comfort, of real-life paganism.”

people complained that they could not pray and above all confess in their own language. By appointing a bishop of Irish descent, where it was thought possible to obtain a Francophone, Rome was making itself an accomplice of Anglo-Canadian assimilators: refusing to appoint French or French-speaking priests to some parishes was the equivalent to dooming local communities to the Anglicization process.

A long period of political instability followed which lasted until the end of the Union regime.

Was there any hope of remaining Francophone without the help of the Catholic religion?

The name “Canadians” now applied to all inhabitants of the new country; it was no longer reserved for the “anciens Canadiens,”

In short, the picture was far from rosy.

Not only was French not placed on an equal footing with English throughout Canada, but even in Québec, where it ought to have been predominant, the Constitution gave equal status to English, which did not take long to gain the upper hand over French.

Teachers taught reading, writing and arithmetic.

a general university in Québec City, with no theological teaching so as not to offend the beliefs of either the Catholics or Protestants.

learning reading was done in the mother tongue whereas it had previously been learnt in Latin.

“There is no authority that does not come from God [...]. So much so that he who defies this authority rebels against God’s order”;this text by Saint Paul served as the basis for thevarious interventions by the religious authorities

it considered the faithful to be well protected from linguistic and religious contact with Protestants.

Within only a few weeks, the English in Montréal broke loose. On April 25, they attacked Governor Elgin by throwing rocks and rotten eggs; that evening, they set fire to the parliament buildings.

In the imagination of the Canadians, the feeling of belonging no longer extended far beyond the St. Lawrence Valley. In addition, the cultural link with France was virtually severed.

that brought language into political debate

Newspapers were bilingual,

Canadians remained a considerable majority, and it was therefore necessary to communicate with them in French!

As the women and children caused us much trouble,

The evil is, they are so attached to their old customs that, knowing the beauty of truth, they are content to approve it without embracing it.

And, if parents give the soul to their children, why do they not impart to all of them great minds, a retentive memory, and all sorts of noble and praiseworthy qualities

say they have a desire to go to Heaven and fear the fiery torments of hell.

The result is that they are now bringing us children to baptize from two, three, yes, even seven leagues away.

here are a hundred souls in all who, we believe, have been rescued from the service of the devil in this country since our return.

We redoubled our devotions, in which were our strongest [42] hopes, since our help could only come from Heaven

Those butchers, seeing that the good Father began to grow weak, made him sit down on the ground; and, one of them, taking a knife, cut off the skin covering his skull

But what has most delighted me is, to see that the sentiments of the Faith have so far entered these hearts, which we formerly called Barbarian, that I may truthfully say that grace has stifled in many of them the fears, the desires, the joys, and the feelings of Nature."

A number of Hurons come down to three Rivers and Quebec to spend the winter; they are aided by the Jesuits with food, blankets, etc.

not only the priests, but their servants—are ready to lay down their lives, if need be, for the sake of the little Indian church which they have there founded.

Comedians and social commentators Aba and Preach break down the casual Islamophobia from Quebec, while Dany Laferriere was empowered to do an entire TV special on the issue of racism in the late 1980s.

By and large, the working class spoke French and the bosses spoke English until well into the 1970s.

‘lamb of God,’

francophones

he first time my friends and I voted was in the 1995 Quebec Referendum.

National Assembly has the power to pass laws in areas defined as provincial jurisdiction by section 92 of the British North America Act.

Québec is famous for the spectacular autumn colours of its boreal and temperate forests.

he deglaciation began only 15,000 years ago and is mainly responsible for the formation of thousands of lakes, for which the province of Québec is famous.

The province of Québec is composed of three main geological regions: the St. Lawrence River valley, the Canadian Shield and the Appalachian region. The St. Lawrence River valley is the most fertile and developed region. The majority of the population of Québec lives here, mainly between Montréal and Québec City.

Québec is the largest province in Canada. Its territory represents 15.5 per cent of the surface area of Canada and totals more than 1.5 million km2.