Intensive Outpatient:
perhaps give a brief description of each level of care.
Intensive Outpatient:
perhaps give a brief description of each level of care.
body weights
i would emphasize the point that people at "normal" body weights cane have ED behaviors
Body Mass Index
BMI is an outdated tool, and I would mention it's deficiencies. two women of the same height and weight can have drastically different make ups (one very high body fat and one very low body fat).
normal
i would remove the word "normal" here. Dieting in general is hugely controversial and some would say "not normal"
extrapyramidal side effects and tardive dyskinesia
please define these or explain the symptoms?
persecutory, grandiose, or religious ideas.
paranoid, too
overly intense
bizarre
Mentalization-based therapy (MBT)
i am a therapist who specializes in BPD, and I have never heard of this therapy
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
i would mention that this therapy was specific created FOR borderline personality disorder, but is used in many other disorders too. DBT is also considered the best treatment for personality disorders. i would mention this too
Clients with personality disorders are unlikely to seek treatment.
this is true for some, such as narcissistic and avoidant. however, people with dependent and borderline often do seek treatment
High reactivity
an overactive or sensitive nervous system/ sympathetic nervous system fight or flight response.
Childhood trauma
invalidation of the trauma (or not being believed by caregivers) is another risk factor. Often, if children receive love and validation, soothing, and care after a traumatic event, they do not develop sxs of PTSD or personality disorders.
Figure 10.3 Schizotypal Personality Disorder
no reference or citations for these images
inconsistent with subcultural norms
perhaps elaborating on this and give examples. maybe in a general sense at the beginning of book, as this can apply to all conditions.
Demonstrating healthy personal boundaries Accepting responsibility for own’s actions Obeying laws Showing mutual respect in relationships Being independent Displaying confidence Behaving in a nonimpulsive manner
healthy and effective communication also
good or bad
healthy or unhealthy, helpful or unhelpful?
usually
sometimes
Seeking out support from other people, such as friends and family
it may be worth noting here that being believed and validated rather than invalidated is very important, especially for children who disclose traumatic events to caregivers or other adults.
Getting hurt
vague
8 out of every 100 peopl
this number seems very low
Bedwetting after having learned to use the toilet Forgetting how to talk or being unable to talk (i.e., selective mutism) Acting out the scary event during playtime Being unusually clingy with a parent or other adult
hypersexual behavior (if trauma was sexual assault)
is a
"is a necessary and helpful" or "survival"
veryone double-checks things sometimes.
maybe give examples of what falls within the "normal" range
r.
These compulsions often (temporarily) relieve the stress/tension of the obsession.
Support Groups
support groups may also act as exposure therapy for those with social anxiety disorders
Beta-Blockers
maybe list some commonly prescribed beta blockers?
The most common antianxiety medications are benzodiazepines.
This is inaccurate and out dated information. Benzos are no longer first line treatments, and are now (finally) recognized as highly addictive, with many negative side effects and interactiosn with other drugs. As a mental health therapist, I see more and more psychiatrists and NPs avoiding benzos and taking clients off of them, prescribing safer and less addictive options.
At the very least, please include adequate research and references on the side effects, addictive properties, and interactions.
In my experience, the most commonly prescribed antianxiety meds prescribed now are SSRIs, followed by beta blockers.
Psychotherapy
I would also mention DBT (especially distress tolerance skills and emotion regulation skills for anxiety management).
Social Anxiety Disorder
very well written paragraph
.
often, the panic attack can be caused solely by fear of having a panic attack.
ure to stressful and negative life
I would use the word "trauma" in this sentence
ers.
such as...
l.
dissociation
Learning and problem-solving
also, rational thinking, critical thought
amily-focused therapy.
dont forget CBT and DBT!
s a
is often a lifetime illness
Coexisting Disorders
bipolar disorder is also often times confused with borderline personality disorder, and the two are often misdiagnosed.
have
"and may have." not all experience irritability
are
often are
social or occupational function
functioning in at least one area of life
Figure 8.1 Bipolar Disorder
this image perpetuates the stigma and common misconceptions of bipolar
.
antidepressants work best when combined with regular therapy and healthy living strategies.
four
4-8, depending on med
Fatigue
disturbances in sleep cycle
physical illness
and mental health
The client will, within one week, report feeling rested upon awakening.
improve sleep hygiene/ sleep schedule
Thoughts of self-harm or suicide
"current and historical"
Self-absorbed
"self absorbed" encourages blaming patient. Perhaps "low awareness outside of self" or something similar.
.
irritability
n.
increased tearfulness, emotional lability
Anergia
low motivation and low energy is more commonly used
Electroconvulsive Therapy
this is quite outdated. I would mention this. consider adding brainspotting, EMDR
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
maybe also mention that CBT is the most well researched evidence based therapy module for depression
Agitation, shakiness, or anxiety Dizziness Blurred vision Dry mouth (xerostomia)
sexual dysfunction, fatigue, weight changes
coping strategies
exercise, healthy lifestyle, diet changes, EMDR, yoga, etc.
electroconvulsive therapy
this is a very out dated treatment and not common practice anymore
Almost all patients gain some relief from their symptoms
with treatment
The symptoms of delirium
are you distinguishing delirium from psychosis? if so, maybe mention this.
Hospitalization, especially in intensive care
this is vague. maybe remove this line?
With a seasonal pattern (includes seasonal affective disorder
i would include the section on SAD from previous section here.
5% of adults
this number seems very low
Seasonal Affective Disorder Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
please mention that SAD is an out dated term and this diagnosis is not called this in the DSM 5
3 to 6%
this number seems very low to me. perhaps stats are low because of underreporting? maybe mention this?
Stress
and social impact
f vitamin B12
iron, vitamin d too
For example, hypothyroidism, a condition where the body produces too little thyroid hormone, often leads to exhaustion and depression, whereas hyperthyroidism (excess thyroid hormone) can trigger manic symptoms.
hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can both lead to anxiety, depression, mania, can mimic bipolar disorder, and can even disrupt HPA axis.
rtain medical problems are linked to up to 10% to 15% of all depressions.
citation?
Stress triggers a chain of chemical reactions and responses in the body. If the stress is short-lived, the body usually returns to normal. But when stress is chronic or the system gets stuck in overdrive, changes in the body and brain can be long-lasting. Every real or perceived threat to one’s body triggers a cascade of stress hormones that produces physiological changes called the stress response. Normally, a feedback loop allows the body to turn off “fight-or-flight” defenses when the threat passes. In some cases, though, the floodgates never close properly, and cortisol levels rise too often or simply stay high. These elevated cortisol levels can contribute to problems such as high blood pressure, immune suppression, asthma, and depression. Studies have also shown that people who have depressive disorders typically have increased levels of CRH. Antidepressants and electroconvulsive therapy are both known to reduce these high CRH levels. As CRH levels return to normal, depressive symptoms recede. Research also suggests that trauma during childhood can negatively affect the functioning of CRH and the HPA axis throughout life.[22]
it seems like this info about stress and trauma is repeated several times through the textbook.
Every part of our body, including our brain, is controlled by our genes. Humans have almost 22,000 genes in their DNA within 46 chromosomes inside the nucleus of each cell. The sequence of nitrogen-containing bases within a strand of DNA forms the genes that act as a molecular code instructing cells in the assembly of amino acids into proteins. See Figure 7.3[16] for an image of sequences of bases within a DNA strand that forms genes. Genes make proteins that are involved in biological processes. Throughout life, different genes turn on and off and make the right proteins at the right time. However, genes can alter biology in a way that results in a person’s mood becoming unstable. In a person who is genetically vulnerable to depression, any stress (such as a missed deadline at work or a medical illness) can then push this system off balance.[17]
this paragraph seems unnecessary. too much info for this context
but people typically don’t begin to feel better for several weeks or longer.
some do feel immediate (but perhaps smaller) changes with SSRIs. I would mention this.
I would also specify which class of antidepressants you are referring to as well. (sounds like SSRIs).
bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Animal research suggests that lithium stabilizes glutamate reuptake and smooths out the highs of mania and the lows of depression in the long-term.[12]
perhaps distinguishing between depression and bipolar before talking about specific neurotransmitters would be helpful
wary
or extra sensitive
faulty mood regulation by the brain
this is very vague.
Review of the Central Nervous System
great idea starting this chapter with this!
clients
i really like using this term "clients" instead of patient
Coping with Loss and Grief
is there another section on grief and loss? This section seems incomplete.
Prayer
"For some..." adding this would b more inclusive
Yoga
i would also add that yoga helps regulate and balance the nervous system to aid in healing from trauma.
serious mental illness
"severe and persistent mental illness"
Developing a safety plan with the patient and providing the number of crisis call centers can decrease suicidal behavior after the patient leaves the care of the organization
involving support people like family or friends in this process reduces risk as well.
Safety
what about self harm too? eating disorders? substance use? Domestic Violence. All examples of huge safety issues.
America
"the US". "America" is actually used to refer to places outside of the US too, like central and south america.
1.3 Introduction to Trauma-Informed Care
this section on trauma is written very well
orde
psychotic disorders too!
an inclusive way.
and equitable
mental illness
some mental illnesses
adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)
i'm glad this is included!
There are likely several factors that combine to trigger a mental health disorder, including environmental, biological, and genetic factors.[24
this sentence is great. I would remove the rest of the paragraph. Unnecessary and no citations.
Understanding
"experiencing symptoms"
psychiatrists, psychologists, or advanced practice mental health nurses
therapists and social workers too
serious
Again, i do not like the words "serious" or "major." This language is invalidating to those who experience "just" anxiety.
serious
i really do not like the word "serious" when categorizing different disorders. I have seen cases of "just" anxiety be absolutely debilitating and "very very serious" and i have seen cases of psychosis that were "less serious" and less debilitating. I am more familiar with the term "severe and persistent mental illness" to refer to disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar, etc.
major
I agree with "less common" instead of "major"
experience stress
"they may experience appropriate levels of stress and discomfort"
from well-being to emotional problems to mental illness.
remove this part of sentence. confusing and unnecessary
what
which
What
which