Vaping cessation, importance of not smoking at all, precautions when traveling (get all the vaccines needed, for example)

Gram-positive, lancet-shaped, strep-pneumo

Tuberculosis (Pulmonary Infection (but she doesn't have any mucus...but she does have significant weight loss) Pneumonia?

Bacterial Infection (from cuts on arm?) Pulmonary fibrosis (only because patient vapes, chance is lower) COPD Pulmonary embolism (shortness of breath)

Tuberculosis test (TB test) CBC Chest X-ray CMP (ARB, bun/creatinine) Bacterial test Sputum culture test

Ventilation-Perfusion Scanning (?) to see if there's any abnormal perfusion...? more for pulmonary embolism

TORCH =

T: Toxoplasmosis O: Other infections, such as syphilis, varicella-zoster, parvovirus B19, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) R: Rubella, also known as German measles C: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) H: Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

Differ in prescribed medication?

Mediastinal shift: mediastinum (contains heart and trachea, etc) shifts away from the normal position at middle of the chest, indicating imbalance in lung pressure -- changes in lung volume, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, lung collapse, etc

Cavitary lesion = a hole in the lungs caused by necrosis of lung tissues that leave behind a cavity, may be due to inflammation after infection like tuberculosis

Hyperdense lobar consolidation = alveolar airspaces filled with fluid, cells or tissues, have higher density in upper lobe of lung, can be caused from some sort of lung hemorrhage

Diffuse Reticular Opacities = indicate lung disease such as interstitial lung disease, indicates scarring of pulmonary interstitiam

Meniscus-shaped density at costophrenic angle = pleural effusion, buildup of fluid around that space, costophrenic angle no longer blunt

Flattened hemidiaphragm = lung is hyperinflated so it pushes down on the diaphragm, happens during emphysema when patient struggles to breathe out, so there's a lot more volume left in lungs

Increased chance of this being a bacterial infection

If patient is 70 y/o...

lung function would have deteriorated, lungs would've lost elasticity; pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, COPD, lung cancers risks increase

He went to Brazil which he has a chance of getting Tuberculosis from Mycobacterium, arboviruses such as dengue, and Zika; malaria)

Should not be Dengue because it usually comes with rash and muscle joint pain

Not zika or malaria, no really mention of mosquito sting

Cough = infection, pneumonia, vaping (smoking) that may have already irritated or damaged the airways

Fever = tuberculosis, pneumonia infection, he has cuts on his hand that he got from his job, went to Brazil for vacation

Lung crackles = Fluid in lungs, Fibrosis, COPD, damage from vaping

Person can take ACE-Inhibitors, which treat LVH, aside from lifestyle modifications.

LVH = left ventricles thickened from workload, having to fight against high resistance. ACE-Inhibitors work by inhibiting ANG II formation. This blocks vasoconstriction and aldosterone from acting, promoting vasodilation and reduicing fluid retention.

CMP CBC HbA1c (hemoglobin A1c) EKG (in case) (CT scan?? MRI??? Maybe not that urgent) Urinalysis

Coronary artery calcium score? (need to research on this)

Normal blood pressure is <120 mmhg/<80 mmHg.

Primary = can be idiopathic and polygenic, results of interactions between genetics and environmental factors that are modifyable an unmodifiable. Like family history and eating habits

Secondary = due to associated medical conditions that cause HTN (renal artery stenosis, athersclerosis, etc)

Diet habit, fast food, drinking alcohol, high stress life, multiple coffee intake, history of DM, father's stroke

High work stress, tension headache, alcohol intake, oxycodone side effects

1. Generalized fatigue
2. Chvostek and Troussaeu's sign = hypocalcemia
3. Muscle weakness

TENOFIVIR CAN CAUSE FANCONI SYNDROME = THE INABILITY TO PROXIMAL TUBULE TO REABSORB STUFFS (can explain hypocalcemia)

Can all be related to his HIV, and HIV medications. HIV medications, based on google, can also cause acidosis (reduced H+ secretion, as Na is not being reabsorbed). HIV medications have commonly known to damage the kidneys. Lack of reabsorption may explain his polyuria, his electrolyte imbalances can explain his weakness/fatigue.

the drugs he's taking may impact his thick ascending limb of renal, inhibiting NKCC affects the ability to maintain that lumen positive potential...calcium can't get reababsorbed

Fanconi?

Can be related to her hypernatremia

Aside from CBC, CMP, Na/K/Ca/Mg etc, maybe aldosterone levels as well? and ADH? See if the sodium resorption or water reabsorption hormones are working properly or if the hematoma has damaged these hormones?

She has polyuria and excess urine. Her urine won't be concentrated, she may be peeing out more Na+ or K+, or H+ than she should.

Clonus of lower extremities can indicate some sort of damage to the upper motor neurons? Patient displays hyperreflexia

Upper motor neurons damage = hyperreflexia Lower motor neurons damage = muscle weakness, no response

Normal urine output is 800-2000 mL a day, so she is urinating way too much out.

Risk dehydration, but has input of 125 cc/hr