the three-dimensionallandscapes of Myst or the layered windows of Microsoft Word

It is crucially important, however,to recognize that the computer can simulate so successfully only becauseit differs profoundly from print in its physical properties and dynamic pro-cesses. These differences matter in multiple ways and on many differentlevels, from the macroscale to the microscale—and they matter more allthe time as writers of electronic literature and texts become more adept atexploiting the medium’s specificity.

n my view, this is a mistake. When Vannevar Bush,widely credited with the invention of hypertext, imagined a hypertextualsystem, it was not electronic but mechanical. His pioneering article (1945)testifies that it is possible to implement hypertext in a wide variety of ways,not only through the ‘‘go to’’ commands that comprise the hypertext linkin digital computers. If we restrict the term hypertext to digital media, welose the opportunity to understand how a literary genre mutates and trans-forms when it is instantiated in different media.

Voyager’s now-defunct line of ‘‘Expanded Books,’’ for example, wentto the extreme of offering readers the opportunity to dog-ear electronicpages. Another option inserted a paper clip on the screenic page, whichitself was programmed to look as much as possible like print

there is an expectationthat the university press will be there

Here the hype of digital innovation and disruption (currentlycentred mainly around virtual reality, AI, apps, and linked data) can stand in the way ofany thorough experimentation with the forms and relationalities of publishing.

One of the underlying aims of experimentalpublishing has always been to rethink, reimagine, and critique the forms, structures,and systems that underlie our system of scholarly communication and to work towardsforms and relations that might better suit our diverse forms of research and supportthe conversations around it.

However, this is not a one-way direction and we would rather emphasise the opposite: measurement andevaluation systems will need to adapt and be rethought to accommodate new forms ofpublication in a continuous manner.

And,above all, the governance of these technologies needs to be interrogated to ensure alignment withthe values of the community

However, the positioning of the DOI as the de facto standard for digital scholarlyobjects is worrying in its centralisation rather than decentralising of scholarly infrastructure.

There is an assumption that if a scholarly object has a DOI assigned, then it is a proxy of qualityor at least a valid scholarly object. This assumes some sort of scholarly review mechanism for apiece of work to be assigned a DOI, which is not necessarily true.

Of equalimportance is the transformation in institutional structures and processesregarding procurement in ways that, while not requiring partnership withexternal consultants and vendors, often makes the internal resolution of thecomputing and information needs of the university impossible.

This is a form of participationthat positions students and faculty outside the process of implementationitself. Echoing the rationale for the creation of IS and the computer servicesindustry more broadly, the justification for limiting participation is attributedto the perceived technical complexity of these technologies and the complexityof their impact on the structure and operation of an organisation.

a reliance on external consulting companies who bring with themperspectives and terminology developed as part of their work in the privatesector.

many of those present were aware that the new systemalso included a robust set of tools for reporting and analysing data involvingstudents that would enable the surveillance of staff and students along withsupporting the implementation of agendas brought forward by universityadministrators or government officials.

their role also entailed translating between the language of software sales andengineering, on the one hand, and the official and unofficial vocabulariesand processes of the university on the other.

This also has the consequencethat the online dissemination of scholarly research may become entangledwith digital advertising markets, trending algorithms, and digital culturesassociated with platforms—a development that is implicitly encouraged andcredentialed through altmetrics for social media shares

open access advancesa “negative” conception of openness focusing on the removal of constraints,rather than more substantive “positive” conceptions of who and what open-access research is for and the conditions under which it might thrive

crawl themfor indexing, pass them as data to software

The Ethnography of Infrastructure

Information systems encode and embed work in several ways. They maydirectly attempt to represent that work. They may sit in the middle of a workprocess like a rock in a stream, and require workarounds in order that interactionproceed around them. They also may leave gaps in work processes that requirereal-time adjustments, or articulation work, to complete the processes.

One of the flags for our understanding of the importance of infrastructure camewith field visits to check the system usability. Respondents would say prior tothe visit that they were using the system with no problems—during the site visit,they were unable even to tell us where the system was on their local machines.

For our respondents, the task of using ftp to download the sys-tem was new and thus difficult; for a computer scientist, this is an easy, routinetask. Thus, the step of using ftp made the system less than transparent for thebiologists, and thus much less usable.

boring

There are much fewer on the effect of standardization or formal classifica-tion on group formation, the design of networks and their import for variouscommunities, or on the fierce policy debates about domain names, exchangeprotocols, or languages.

Because of the unceasing nature of CSLI creation and collection, it is perhaps mostappropriate to consider smartphone users as non-consenting or uninformed donors,“individuals,” as scholar Marybeth Gaudette (2003, 21–34) puts it, “whose creations arecontained within a collection without their consent regardless of their knowledge of thatfact.”8

Western jurisprudence is based firmly on individual propertyrights and the very notion of a Western rule of law is thrown into question when propertyrights are perceived as being challenged.

This case should be resolved by interpreting acceptedproperty principles as the baseline for reasonable expectations of privacy” (Supreme Courtof the United States 2018, 22)

But along with the ability to think critically about how records are discussed andemployed, archivists have a responsibility to act when records are being used as tools ofoppression.

For instance, Israeli subject access catalogues material delineating the history ofPalestinian resistance fighters employs the heading “Arab gangs” (Sela, 2018, p. 213).

he United Statesgovernment international travel advisory warns, for example, that “some U.S. citizens ofArab or Muslim heritage (including Palestinian-Americans) have experienced significantdifficulties and unequal or occasionally hostile treatment at Israel’s borders and checkpoints”and describes how American citizens who have traveled to Muslim countries or who are ofArab, Middle Eastern, or Muslim origin may face additional questioning by Israeliimmigration and border authorities (U.S. Department of State 2020)

The group abides by the 2005 Palestinian civil society call for Boycott, Divestment andSanctions (BDS) against Israel until it complies with international law and Palestinian rights

were destroyed,

Article 247 of the Treaty of Versailles (1919) stipulates that works of art, books, andmanuscripts should be returned to the states from which they were taken (Kost, 2014).

emptying 531 villages and 11urban neighbourhoods

The Argentinean social landscape inwhich the men and women of Situaciones forged their ideas was a desertswept by neoliberal winds

a few other Italian autonomist thinkers (Paolo Virno,Franco “Bifo” Berardi, Maurizio Lazzarato

Since the late ’70s, Situationist ideas, slogans and forms of analysishave become so thoroughly inscribed in the sensibilities of punk rock thatit’s almost impossible to listen for very long to certain strains of counter-cultural music without hearing some catchy phrase taken directly from theworks of Raoul Vaneigem.

The critical thing isthat universities were never meant to be places for intellectual creativity. If ithappens, it’s not because it is especially conducive to them, but only becauseif you pay enough people to sit around thinking, some new ideas are boundto get through.

Instead, for the last fifteen or twenty years, the Americanacademy—or the part that fancies itself to be the radical, critical, subversivebranch of it—have for some reason preferred to endlessly recycle the samebody of French theory: roughly, reading and rereading a set of texts writtenbetween 1968 and 1983

often noting that Holloway seemed to echo anar-chist ideas without ever mentioning them

When we write or when we read, it is easy to forget that the begin-ning is not the word, but the scream. Faced with the mutilation of humanlives by capitalism, a scream of sadness, a scream of horror, a scream ofanger, a scream of refusal: NO

We may only aspire to a different order of things by startingfrom the existing materiality, not from idealistic speculations

For some, theconcept is about introducing epistemic or methodological changes to ordinary ac-ademic practice. In this sense, the range of dualities involved in the academia-activism distinction (thinking versus acting, passive versus active) contributes tothe illusion of apparent incompatibility or mutual isolation. Thus, while directaction would be possible only through activism, intellectual work appears as theexclusive task of the academy, without intervention in practical problems. Assum-ing the polarity of such spheres leads to a series of arguments that must be con-tested, as the absence of intellectual work within social organizations and move-ments, or the invalidity or nullity of work carried out by university researchers andprofessors in order to achieve radical social change

That is why we consider this love to be a condition of militant research

In this sense, online learning,working from home, and bread-baking should not be seen as ‘minor disruptions’ to business-as-usual: instead, we they should force us to acknowledge the material and immaterial affordances ofour own knowledge production.

A study in 2015 estimated cloud computing is responsible for 2% of global emissions, onpar with emissions from global aviation (Greenpeace, 2015); a more recent report puts it at 3.7%,predicted to grow by 8% annually (The Shift Project, 2019) – and this was all prior to the big ‘onlinetransition’ stimulated by the pandemic

Networks of circulationand exchange of data (pre-print-servers such as ArXiv as well as social media) were quickly matchedby private sector investments or takeovers, compounding the tendency for seemingly ‘free’ knowledgeto become enrolled in the logic of capitalism (Bacevic & Muellerleile, 2018; Kelty, 2014).

For global centres of knowledge production – primar-ily Europe and North America, closely followed by Australia and New Zealand – substantial portionof investment came from tuition fees charged to international (non-domiciled) students. In mostcases, this effectively means cross-border transfer of private funds, where students rely on personalor family income, or take out private loans in countries of origin.

I must admit that Ihave spent much more time telling you about fast sciencethan about what slow science would be.

Each profession makes progress, but it is progress in its owngroove. . . . The groove prevents straying across country,and the abstraction abstracts from something to which nofurther attention is given. . . . Of course, no one is merely amathematician, or merely a lawyer. People have lives out-side their professions or their business. But the point is therestraint of serious thought within a groove. The remainderof life is treated superficially, with the imperfect categoriesof thought derived from one profession.5

Training public servants to repair the devices they areusing in everyday life, or at least to identify what is to be repaired andproviding workshops to do so, would, on the one hand, reduce materialconsumption and spare natural resources and, on the other hand, modifythe way we think about our material environment.

I definitely take for granted that green Open Access, with no barriers and little editorialadded value, is more environmentally friendly than gold Open Access, which canonly be accessed through a paywall with data tracking, relying on tailored hostingsolutions and in-house formats. Depending on their technical setup, diamond OpenAccess options might be closer to green or to gold in terms of their environmentalimpact.

Both the primary source provider and the infras-tructure will have at the very least rooms in a building, personnel, andan energy consumption that will be dedicated in part to communicatingwith and providing services to the editorial team.

In terms of environmental cost, each of these elements (personnel,building, transportation, IT infrastructure) has an impact

Upon closer inspection, this perspective restricts accessto cultural heritage in many ways, even when the heritage concernedis simple text and not a complex reconstructed 3D artefact.

Many, if not all, oral or residually oral cultures strike literates as extraordinarily agonistic in their verbal performance and indeed in their lifestyle. ... Proverbs and riddles are not used simply to store knowledge but to engage others in verbal and intellectual combat. ... Bragging about one’s own prowess and/or verbal tongue-lashings of an opponent figure regularly in encounters between characters in narrative. (p. 43)

Crafted by subcultures that embrace the evanescence of digital orality, conspiracy narratives are perfectly attuned to the attention flows of social media. Stories, such as Pizzagate or Qanon, thrive not despite but because of the qualities that make them unpalatable to literate commentators. Considered as positive rather than negative, their features are the same that assure the survival of ideas in preliterate societies.

Despite their huge popularity, these cultural expressions are still written off as youthful stupidities or extreme deviances, similarly to the way in which subcultures ‘are alter-nately dismissed, denounced and canonized; treated at different times as threats to public order and as harmless buffoons’ (Hebdige, 1979: 2)

the world of software

Language is not a raw material or an instrument, muchless a natural resource, but a fraught relationship involving bodies in tense,volatile contact with other bodies as they partake of the creation and recreation of our material worlds.

Disappropriation has involved, and still involves, exposingthe mechanisms that permit an unequal exchange of labor: the labor thatuses the language of collective experience for the author's individual gain.Tue comprehensive goal of disappropriation was, and is, to return all writing to its plural origin. In this way, it seeks to construct future horizons inwhich writing joins the assembly so it can participate and contribute tothe common good.

Disappropriation has involved, and still involves, exposingthe mechanisms that permit an unequal exchange of labor: the labor thatuses the language of collective experience for the author's individual gain.Tue comprehensive goal of disappropriation was, and is, to return all writing to its plural origin. In this way, it seeks to construct future horizons inwhich writing joins the assembly so it can participate and contribute tothe common good.

Goldsmith’s template for identity is theatomized consumer, whose self is constantly collaged with the joyful play of web pages,advertisements and mass media.

how can universities be freed from theirGoogle and Microsoft dependency

when open source and free software are morallybankrupt due to their corporate sell-outs and thus nolonger appeal to the next generations?

It’s time for a strike, a strike on optimization.Stop making improvements. No more enhancedefficiencies or increased productivity. It’s time to teachproblem design. Time to dream up provocatypes.

DigitalHumanities movement but rather distinguishes itselffrom that field’s tendency to focus on the digitalizationof archives coupled with data-driven analysis sedu-ced by numbers, graphs and scale.

how the politics and aesthetics of noise anddistraction impact our mental state, particularly inthe case of the younger generations.

convinced

due to its conditional character, this document might actually notqualify as a license

Obfuscation invokes an intuitive form of protection

It’s all fine, just try not to let ithappen unnoticed

GAFAM & co

operating system

the Onion Router (TOR), which allows for online anonymity through the combined tactics of encrypting communication and relaying it via several nodes on the Internet to obscure the source and destination

The World Bank (2014, 20) finishes its own macroeconomic report on the value of open data by stating, “While sources differ in their precise estimates of the economic potential of Open Data, all are agreed that it is potentially very large.”

The uses to which collected data will be put and the meanings it will be given are dependent on future algorithms and political concerns.

“It could even be argued that . . . the entire internet is fundamentally a sharing technology” (179), he writes, citing the importance of open source software and programming languages, and sharing economies of production, in the development of websites based on user-generated content.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat

Morbi quis molestie tellus.d-undefined, .lh-undefined { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) !important; }.d-undefined, .lh-undefined { background-color: rgba(45, 46, 47, 0.5) !important; }

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How do you measure the chance encounter at a conference that only five years later congeals into a thesis?

1

problems misperceived as technical rather than epistemological

Emerging

They don’t want to buy to own

technologies always bear theimprint of their producers and are designed to habituate users to their demands andrequirements

collection and analysis of student data

HE workflow systems, management dashboards, data-linking,business intelligence, and educational analytics platforms

primarily, the aIDS crisis of the 1980s

I won'tdenythata personcouldgetnostalgicfora timewhenparanoidgun-lobbyrhetoricsoundedjustplainnutty-a"simpleandrelativelynon-controversial"exampleof"distortedjudgment"-ratherthanrepre-senting theuncontestedplatformofa dominantpoliticalparty.

Myownguesswouldbethatsuchpopularcynicism,whileundoubtedlywidespread,isonlyoneamongtheheterogeneous,competingtheoriesthatconstitutethementalecologyofmostpeople.

Theyrepresentaway,amongotherways,ofseeking,finding,andorganizingknowledge.

hermeneuticofsuspicion

Andinfactit seemsquiteplausibletomethatsomeversionofthisaxiom(perhaps"Evena paranoidcanhaveenemies,"utteredbyHenryKissin-ger!)8issoindeliblyinscribedinthebrainsofusbaby-boomersthatitoffersusthecontinuingillusionofpossessinga specialinsightintotheepistemologiesofenmity.Myimpression,again,isthatweareliabletoproducethisconstativeformulationasfiercelyasifit hada self-evidentimperativeforce:thenotationthatevenparanoidpeoplehaveenemiesiswieldedasifitsabsolutelynecessarycorollaryweretheinjunction,"-soyoucanneverbeparanoidenough."