26 Matching Annotations
  1. Mar 2016
  2. www.gutenberg.org www.gutenberg.org
    6
    1. But to conduct to heav'ns refulgent fane,   May fiery coursers sweep th' ethereal plain,   And bear thee upwards to that blest abode,   Where, like the prophet, thou shalt find thy God.

      You will be saved by God if you help the Africans. This is a good example of both Evangelistic and revolutionary tones.

    2. "Their colour is a diabolic die."   Remember, Christians, Negroes, black as Cain,   May be refin'd, and join th' angelic train.

      Negroes must be refined, as sugar is, to join this angelic train. Perhaps this is her way of calling out the hypocrisy of evangelism. Sure, anyone can be saved, but they must be refined to our standards first.

    3. An Ethiop

      In the anthology, it is noted that in several poems, "Wheatley variously registered her racial self-consciousness" (1359). I, too, agree that she does so through the use of the word "Ethiop," but in "Black and Unmarked," Cima also suggests, " Wheatley surely was aware of this sexual double standard" (21). They argue that the reference "marks the speaker more specifically as a young black woman speaking to the white boys" (21).

    4. The blissful news by messengers from heav'n,   How Jesus' blood for your redemption flows.   See him with hands out-stretcht upon the cross;   Immense compassion in his bosom glows;   He hears revilers, nor resents their scorn:   What matchless mercy in the Son of God!   When the whole human race by sin had fall'n,   He deign'd to die that they might rise again,   And share with him in the sublimest skies,   Life without death, and glory without end.

      This is a good example of how Wheatley writes with a tone that appeals to and is understood by Evangelists.

    5.  May George, beloved by all the nations round,   Live with heav'ns choicest constant blessings crown'd!

      Here, Wheatley writes praising a British monarch. Van Engen suggests, "Wheatley's shift to a London publisher reveals her acute sense of audience: "She dropped all of her anti-British selections, which were to have been published in the rejected American volume, and substituted several flattering'" (Van Engen, 8).

    6. On the Death of the Rev. Mr. GEORGE WHITEFIELD. 1770

      This poem embodies the religious movement during this time in America. "Between 1740 and 1776, evangelical fire had burned across British North America, stirring the passions of the people irrespective of their race or gender, class or creed. At the center of the firestorm lay millennialism—the idea that an “Impartial Savior” promised everyone, be he low or wretched sinner or downtrodden African, grace and therefore paradise" (Bly, 443).

    1. Is by His hand alone that guides nature and fate.

      "In publishing elegies on her grandchildren, she [Bradstreet] implicitly offered a new value and respect to the process of mourning, bringing to life the actual experiences of individual bereavement" (Van Engen, 9). Van Engen goes further to say "Bradstreet's elegies create a public opening for private sorrow" (9). His argument is that Bradstreet was "advertising the domestic," and I agree. In this poem, in particular, Bradstreet's identity as grieving grandmother is very apparent. And although she grieves, Bradstreet submits total control to God-He controls destiny (a very Puritan motif). "Is by His hand alone that guides nature and fate."

    1. I blest his grace that gave and took, That laid my goods now in the dust. Yea, so it was, and so 'twas just.

      Leaves it up to God's will

    2. I here, he there, alas, both kept by force.

      This line exemplifies the different spheres which men and women lived during this time period.

      Van Engen notes that "All the woman has left is her poetry. Yet this poetry acts. As it gains readers, it turns attention from men to women. It raises the wife's place and predicament to the level of public consciousness. The "widowed wife" becomes the only voice readers hear, her view is the only view that counts" (Van Engen, 9).

    3. Tell him I would say more, but cannot well, Oppressed minds abruptest tales do tell.

      She has so much to say, but the husband wouldn't understand.

    4. Commend me to the man more loved than life, Show him the sorrows of his widowed wife;

      "These feelings reveal the damage of the public sphere: it turns wives into widows" (Van Engen, 9).

    5. Phoebus make haste, the day's too long, be gone, The silent night's the fittest time for moan; But stay this once, unto my suit give ear, And tell my griefs in either hemisphere.

      Bradstreet publicizes the feelings of a woman who is confined to her private home. Because she cannot leave the house, she must call for an intermediary, but in "Advertising the Domestic," Van Engen suggests that the act of publicizing these feelings and making the words to print, serves as an intermediary itself (Van Engen, 9).

    6. I wish my Sun may never set, but burn Within the Cancer of my glowing breast, The welcome house of him my dearest guest.

      The wife's body serves as a home for her husband. The sun is not central, according to Van Engen. Rather, "its movements revolve around the home and the woman herself who is a 'welcome house'" (8).

    7. Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672) Header A Dialogue between Old England and New A Letter to Her Husband A Love Letter to Her Husband Another Another (II) The Author to her Book Before the Birth of One of Her Children By Night when Others Soundly Slept Contemplations Deliverance from a Fit of Fainting Deliverance from Another Sore Fit Epitaphs The Flesh and the Spirit Here Follow Several Occasional Meditations In Honour of that High and Mighty Princess, Queen Elizabeth In Reference to her Children, 23 June 1659 In Thankful Remembrance for My Dear Husband's Safe Arrival Sept 3, 1662 Meditations Divine and Moral Of the Four Ages of Man The Prologue Spirit To Her Father with Some Verses To my Dear and Loving Husband Upon a Fit of Sickness,Anno 1632 Aetatis Suae, 19 Upon My Dear and Loving Husband his Going into England Jan. 16, 1661 Upon Some Distemper of Body The Vanity of All Worldly Things Verses upon the Burning of our House, July 18th, 1666 We May Live Together A Dialogue between Old England and New New England. Alas, dear Mother, fairest Queen and best, With honour, wealth, and peace happy and blest, What ails thee hang thy head, and cross thine arms, And sit i' the dust to sigh these sad alarms? What deluge of new woes thus over-whelm The glories of thy ever famous Realm? What means this wailing tone, this mournful guise? Ah, tell thy Daughter; she may sympathize. Old England. Art ignorant indeed of these my woes, Or must my forced tongue these griefs disclose, And must my self dissect my tatter'd state, Which Amazed Christendom stands wondering at? And thou a child, a Limb, and dost not feel My weak'ned fainting body now to reel? This physic-purging-potion I have taken Will bring Consumption or an Ague quaking, Unless some Cordial thou fetch from high, Which present help may ease my malady. If I decease, dost think thou shalt survive? Or by my wasting state dost think to thrive? Then weigh our case, if 't be not justly sad. Let me lament alone, while thou art glad. New England. And thus, alas, your state you much deplore In general terms, but will not say wherefore. What Medicine shall I seek to cure this woe, If th' wound's so dangerous, I may not know? But you, perhaps, would have me guess it out. What, hath some Hengist like that Saxon stout By fraud and force usurp'd thy flow'ring crown, Or by tempestuous Wars thy fields trod down? Or hath Canutus, that brave valiant Dane, The regal peaceful Sceptre from thee ta'en? Or is 't a Norman whose victorious hand With English blood bedews thy conquered Land? Or is 't intestine Wars that thus offend? Do Maud and Stephen for the Crown contend? Do Barons rise and side against their King, And call in Foreign aid to help the thing? Must Edward be depos'd? Or is 't the hour That second Richard must be clapp'd i' th' Tower? Or is it the fatal jar, again begun, That from the red, white pricking Roses sprung? Must Richmond's aid the Nobles now implore To come and break the tushes of the Boar? If none of these, dear Mother, what's your woe? Pray, do not fear Spain's bragging Armado. Doth your Ally, fair France, conspire your wrack, Or doth the Scots play false behind your back? Doth Holland quit you ill for all your love? Whence is this storm, from Earth or Heaven above? Is 't drought, is 't Famine, or is 't Pestilence? Dost feel the smart, or fear the consequence? Your humble Child entreats you shew your grief. Though Arms nor Purse she hath for your relief-- Such is her poverty,--yet shall be found A suppliant for your help, as she is bound. Old England. I must confess some of those Sores you name My beauteous Body at this present maim, But foreign Foe nor feigned friend I fear, For they have work enough, thou knowest, elsewhere. Nor is it Alcie's son and Henry's Daughter Whose proud contention cause this slaughter; Nor Nobles siding to make John no King, French Louis unjustly to the Crown to bring; No Edward, Richard, to lose rule and life, Nor no Lancastrians to renew old strife; No Crook-backt Tyrant now usurps the Seat, Whose tearing tusks did wound, and kill, and threat. No Duke of York nor Earl of March to soil Their hands in Kindred's blood whom they did foil; No need of Tudor Roses to unite: None knows which is the Red or which the White. Spain's braving Fleet a second time is sunk. France knows how of my fury she hath drunk By Edward third and Henry fifth of fame; Her Lilies in my Arms avouch the same. My Sister Scotland hurts me now no more, Though she hath been injurious heretofore. What Holland is, I am in some suspense, But trust not much unto his Excellence. For wants, sure some I feel, but more I fear; And for the Pestilence, who knows how near? Famine and Plague, two sisters of the Sword, Destruction to a Land doth soon afford. They're for my punishments ordain'd on high, Unless thy tears prevent it speedily. But yet I answer not what you demand To shew the grievance of my troubled Land. Before I tell the effect I'll shew the cause, Which are my sins--the breach of sacred Laws: Idolatry, supplanter of a N ation, With foolish superstitious adoration, Are lik'd and countenanc'd by men of might, The Gospel is trod down and hath no right. Church Offices are sold and bought for gain That Pope had hope to find Rome here again. For Oaths and Blasphemies did ever ear From Beelzebub himself such language hear? What scorning of the Saints of the most high! What injuries did daily on them lie! What false reports, what nick-names did they take, Not for their own, but for their Master's sake! And thou, poor soul, wast jeer'd among the rest; Thy flying for the Truth I made a jest. For Sabbath-breaking and for Drunkenness Did ever Land profaneness more express? From crying bloods yet cleansed am not I, Martyrs and others dying causelessly. How many Princely heads on blocks laid down For nought but title to a fading Crown! 'Mongst all the cruelties which I have done, Oh, Edward's Babes, and Clarence's hapless Son, O Jane, why didst thou die in flow'ring prime?-- Because of Royal Stem, that was thy crime. For Bribery, Adultery, for Thefts, and Lies Where is the Nation I can't paralyze? With Usury, Extortion, and Oppression, These be the Hydras of my stout transgression; These be the bitter fountains, heads, and roots Whence flow'd the source, the sprigs, the boughs, and fruits. Of more than thou canst hear or I relate, That with high hand I still did perpetrate, For these were threat'ned the woeful day I mocked the Preachers, put it fair away. The Sermons yet upon record do stand That cried destruction to my wicked Land. These Prophets' mouths (all the while) was stopt, Unworthily, some backs whipt, and ears crept; Their reverent cheeks bear the glorious marks Of stinking, stigmatizing Romish Clerks; Some lost their livings, some in prison pent, Some grossly fined, from friends to exile went: Their silent tongues to heaven did vengeance cry, Who heard their cause, and wrongs judg'd righteously, And will repay it sevenfold in my lap. This is fore-runner of my after-clap. Nor took I warning by my neighbors' falls. I saw sad Germany's dismantled walls, I saw her people famish'd, Nobles slain, Her fruitful land a barren heath remain. I saw (unmov'd) her Armies foil'd and fled, Wives forc'd, babes toss'd, her houses calcined. I saw strong Rochelle yield'd to her foe, Thousands of starved Christians there also. I saw poor Ireland bleeding out her last, Such cruelty as all reports have past. Mine heart obdurate stood not yet aghast. Now sip I of that cup, and just 't may be The bottom dregs reserved are for me. New England. To all you've said, sad mother, I assent. Your fearful sins great cause there 's to lament. My guilty hands (in part) hold up with you, A sharer in your punishment's my due. But all you say amounts to this effect, Not what you feel, but what you do expect. Pray, in plain terms, what is your present grief? Then let's join heads and hands for your relief. Old England. Well, to the matter, then. There's grown of late 'Twixt King and Peers a question of state: Which is the chief, the law, or else the King? One saith, it's he; the other, no such thing. My better part in Court of Parliament To ease my groaning land shew their intent To crush the proud, and right to each man deal, To help the Church, and stay the Common-Weal. So many obstacles comes in their way As puts me to a stand what I should say. Old customs, new Prerogatives stood on. Had they not held law fast, all had been gone, Which by their prudence stood them in such stead They took high Strafford lower by the head, And to their Laud be 't spoke they held 'n th' Tower All England's metropolitan that hour. This done, an Act they would have passed fain No prelate should his Bishopric retain. Here tugg'd they hard indeed, for all men saw This must be done by Gospel, not by law. Next the Militia they urged sore. This was denied, I need not say wherefore. The King, displeased, at York himself absents. They humbly beg return, shew their intents. The writing, printing, posting to and fro, Shews all was done; I'll therefore let it go. But now I come to speak of my disaster. Contention's grown 'twixt Subjects and their Master, They worded it so long they fell to blows, That thousands lay on heaps. Here bleeds my woes. I that no wars so many years have known Am now destroy'd and slaughter'd by mine own. But could the field alone this strife decide, One battle, two, or three I might abide, But these may be beginnings of more woe-- Who knows, the worst, the best may overthrow! Religion, Gospel, here lies at the stake, Pray now, dear child, for sacred Zion's sake, Oh, pity me in this sad perturbation, My plundered Towns, my houses' devastation, My ravisht virgins, and my young men slain, My wealthy trading fallen, my dearth of grain. The seedtime's come, but Ploughman hath no hope Because he knows not who shall inn his crop. The poor they want their pay, their children bread, Their woful mothers' tears unpitied. If any pity in thy heart remain, Or any child-like love thou dost retain, For my relief now use thy utmost skill, And recompense me good for all my ill. New England. Dear mother, cease complaints, and wipe your eyes, Shake off your dust, cheer up, and now arise. You are my mother, nurse, I once your flesh, Your sunken bowels gladly would refresh. Your griefs I pity much but should do wrong, To weep for that we both have pray'd for long, To see these latter days of hop'd-for good, That Right may have its right, though 't be with blood. After dark Popery the day did clear; But now the Sun in's brightness shall appear. Blest be the Nobles of thy Noble Land With (ventur'd lives) for truth's defence that stand. Blest be thy Commons, who for Common good And thy infringed Laws have boldly stood. Blest be thy Counties, who do aid thee still With hearts and states to testify their will. Blest be thy Preachers, who do cheer thee on. Oh, cry: the sword of God and Gideon! And shall I not on them wish Mero's curse That help thee not with prayers, arms, and purse? And for my self, let miseries abound If mindless of thy state I e'er be found. These are the days the Church's foes to crush, To root out Prelates, head, tail, branch, and rush. Let's bring Baal's vestments out, to make a fire, Their Mitres, Surplices, and all their tire, Copes, Rochets, Croziers, and such trash, And let their names consume, but let the flash Light Christendom, and all the world to see We hate Rome's Whore, with all her trumpery. Go on, brave Essex, shew whose son thou art, Not false to King, nor Country in thy heart, But those that hurt his people and his Crown, By force expel, destroy, and tread them down. Let Gaols be fill'd with th' remnant of that pack, And sturdy Tyburn loaded till it crack. And ye brave Nobles, chase away all fear, And to this blessed Cause closely adhere. O mother, can you weep and have such Peers? When they are gone, then drown your self in tears, If now you weep so much, that then no more The briny Ocean will o'erflow your shore. These, these are they (I trust) with Charles our king, Out of all mists such glorious days will bring That dazzled eyes, beholding, much shall wonder At that thy settled Peace, thy wealth, and splendour, Thy Church and Weal establish'd in such manner That all shall joy that thou display'dst thy banner, And discipline erected so, I trust, That nursing Kings shall come and lick thy dust. Then Justice shall in all thy Courts take place Without respect of persons or of case. Then bribes shall cease, and suits shall not stick long, Patience and purse of Clients for to wrong. Then High Commissions shall fall to decay, And Pursuivants and Catchpoles want their pay. So shall thy happy Nation ever flourish, When truth and righteousness they thus shall nourish. When thus in Peace, thine Armies brave send out To sack proud Rome, and all her vassals rout. There let thy name, thy fame, and valour shine, As did thine Ancestors' in Palestine, And let her spoils full pay with int'rest be Of what unjustly once she poll'd from thee. Of all the woes thou canst let her be sped, Execute to th' full the vengeance threatened. Bring forth the beast that rul'd the world with's beck, And tear his flesh, and set your feet on's neck, And make his filthy den so desolate To th' 'stonishment of all that knew his state. This done, with brandish'd swords to Turkey go,-- (For then what is it but English blades dare do?) And lay her waste, for so's the sacred doom, And do to Gog as thou hast done to Rome. Oh Abraham's seed, lift up your heads on high, For sure the day of your redemption's nigh. The scales shall fall from your long blinded eyes, And him you shall adore who now despise. Then fullness of the Nations in shall flow, And Jew and Gentile to one worship go. Then follows days of happiness and rest. Whose lot doth fall to live therein is blest. No Canaanite shall then be found 'n th' land, And holiness on horses' bells shall stand. If this make way thereto, then sigh no more, But if at all thou didst not see 't before. Farewell, dear mother; Parliament, prevail, And in a while you'll tell another tale. TOP A Letter to Her Husband Absent upon Public Employment

      In the article "Advertising the Domestic," Van Engen argues that Bradstreet invites the public readers into her private home setting.In the title alone, Bradstreet reveals one wife's experience and feelings without her husband (8).

    1. The land of freedom's heaven-defended race

      Yes, America claims to be free, but who is really free? Not the slaves. While praising Washington, the hero, Wheatley also makes distinct points about the problems in America relating to slavery. In "Poetry and American Revolutionary Identity," Ennis points out "the poems Wheatley did write reveal a continued awareness of the connection between military glory and poetic success, and a keen sense of the shifting national consciousness." -meaning that because Wheatley knew that poems on military success would have a wider audience, she made big points in those poems.

    2. Proceed, great chief, with virtue on thy side,Thy ev'ry action let the goddess guide.A crown, a mansion, and a throne that shine,With gold unfading, WASHINGTON! be thine

      In the article, "Poetry and American Revolutionary Identity," Ennis suggests "Wheatley did not necessarily associate America with democracy, but instead with a sense of paternal monarchalism mediated though neoclassical poetic figures" (10).

  3. Feb 2016
    1. bays

      Bay laurel leaves are used to crown winners in the Olympics. Known as a sign of victory and achievement, bay laurels are said to honor Apollo, the god of the Olympics.

      According to Greek mythology, Apollo fell in love with Daphne. When she fled from him, Daphne asked the River god for help. She turned into a bay laurel tree when Apollo came by, and he cut off a branch and declared the tree was sacred.

      Here is an image of Olympic champion, Michael Phelps with a bay laurel crown: (http://www.napamountain.com/Michael_Phelps_Bay_Laurel.jpg)

      For more info on bay laurel leaves, check out this link: https://houseappeal.wordpress.com/2012/07/30/an-olympic-emblem-the-glory-of-the-laurel-leaf/

    2. Epitaphs

      An epitaph is a short statement about a person who has passed away. They are most commonly found on tombstones, and can be a poem or even a Bible verse.

      Here is an image of the epitaph of Anne Bradley's tombstone. It reads "Mirror of Her Age, Glory of her Sex, whose Heaven-born-soul leaving its earthly Shrine, chose its native home, and was taken to its Rest, upon 16th Sept. 1672." Image Description

    3. Close by the Banks of Lacrim flood

      At first, I thought that the "Banks of Lacrim" was an actual place so I looked it up. I soon found out, however, that is not the case. The "secret place" is by the "bank" where "lacrim flood." Our text notes that Lacrima, in Latin, means "tear." So this "secret place" is a sad place where she cries .

    4. Ruins

      Is there a reason why certain words,such as "Desire," "Distress," "Ruins" "Trunk" and "Candle," are capitalized? This doesn't happen in our text.

      Perhaps it isn't the act of capitalization that is important, but the chosen words are what hold the significance. For example, words such as "Desire" and "Candle" can be connected to flames and fire.

      Does anyone else think this is a possible connection?

    1. Dorchester

      Dorchester is a town in Boston that was founded in 1630 by Puritans who came from Dorchester, England.

      Mary White Rowlandson was born in Somerset, England, which is only about 45 miles north of Dorchester, England.

      Here's Dorchester, Mass. on the map.(https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/images/7/7b/Ma-suffolk.png

    2. THE FIFTEENTH REMOVE

      This passage, in particular, is a good example of typology that we discussed in class. We learned that Puritan writers often said that their lived experiences were echoing Scripture. In Rowlandson's case, she writes, " I was never again satisfied." Rowlandson wrote that her dissatisfaction was "verified" in Micah 6.14: "Thou shalt eat and not be satisfied."

  4. Jan 2016
    1. ran̅e

      I wonder why this line over the "n" is used here, but not further down on the same word?

    2. that night

      Is there any particular reason why the time (and place, in some cases) is italicized? The time of the year, week and day all have this effect.

    3. com̅ited

      Bradford wrote with this line over the letter m three times in this chapter (com̅ited, com̅one wealthe and sum̅er). Usually, the line is placed over a vowel to signify a long vowel sound. However, because it is placed over the "m," this leads me to believe that it was Bradford's intention to signify a double m. For example, com̅ited could be committed, and com̅one wealthe is our commonwealth. With that being said, Sumeria is only spelled with one m. Perhaps it was spelled differently in this version of English.

      If this assumption is correct, why wasn't the bar used over letters with a double "t" or "l"?

    4. thickets

      According to Merriam-Webster, a thicket is a "group of bushes or small trees that grow close together."

      Currently, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is planning the proposal of a Great Thicket National Wildlife Refuge. Six states in the Northeastern US are highlighted in the proposal (ME, NH, MA, RI, CT, NY) to help protect the wildlife who find their homes in the disappearing thicket shrublands. More info on the refuge can be found here: http://www.fws.gov/northeast/refuges/planning/lpp/greatthicketLPP.html

      And because I am having difficulty posting the picture, here's a link to a photo that's provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service:

      http://www.fws.gov/northeast/refuges/planning/images/Shrublands_southern_Maine_credit_Bill_Zinni_USFWS_954x340.jpg