Mr. and Mrs. Crusoe are worried about their son’s safety because sailing in the 18th-century was a dangerous career. Royal museums Greenwich informs that “Over a period of hundreds of years, seafarers from the age of the early explorers to the time of the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, shared many common experiences. Men working at sea had much to endure; cut off from normal life on shore for months, even years, they had to accept cramped conditions, disease, poor food and pay. Above all, they faced the daily dangers of sea and weather"(Greenwich). Robinson, having been raised in a comfortable and safe home, has no preparation to face the dangers which lie ahead.

“Life at Sea in the Age of Sail.” Royal Museums Greenwich, 11 Dec. 2019, www.rmg.co.uk/discover/explore/life-sea-age-sail.

Robinson Crusoe’s disobedience to his father shows he is a specific character who sometimes ignores rational planning in favor of adventurous passions. In the page prior to this passage, he is convinced, by his father, to live a simpler life in the class which he was born, rather than risk ruin at sea. Taking the power to determine to make one’s life choices, especially at age eighteen, reflects the individualism which was inspired by enlightenment thinkers and began to manifest in characters in novels

Robinson Crusoe confronts his mother with this request to ease his guilt of running away. Weeks before this conversation, he breached the same proposal with his father, who dissuaded him of this journey with genuine promises of a comfortable and peaceful life. Despite this, he eventually resolves to run away without notifying his father, knowing he would never approve. He knows that if one of his parents gives their consent, it will suppress his guilt.

Understanding the interior thoughts of others is very difficult for characters in the novel. Robinson states about his mother, “she wondered how I could think of any such thing (his decision to go to sea) after such a Discourse as I had had with my Father.” This is reflective of 18th-century philosophy, where Locke hypothesized ideas could be formed by either reflection or instruction. It was apparent to observers that his father persuaded him not to leave by instruction, but his internal thought and emotional processes were invisible to his mother

The structure of the passage reinforces traditional gender and generational roles typical of the 18th century. The adolescent son has defied his father’s rational reasoning in favor of boarding a voyage to sea. In reaction, his mother has a strong emotional reaction, pleading for him to consider his safety. These portrayals reflect 18th-century roles of young men as rash, inexperienced, risk-takers and mothers as their emotionally sensitive, but less powerful guardians.

Robinson Crusoe’s father knows the fate which will ultimately befall his son, and will never endorse this dangerous voyage. Only three pages following does Robinson record his first encounter with the sea. “The Ship was no sooner gotten out of the Humber, but the Wind began to blow, and the Waves to rise* in a most fright-ful manner; and as I had never been at Sea before, I was most inexpressibly sick in Body, and terrify'd in my Mind: I began now seriously to reflect upon what I had done, and how justly I was overtaken by the Judgment of Heaven for my wicked leaving my Father's House, and abandoning my Duty; all the good Counsel of my Parents, my Father's Tears and my Mother's Entreaties came now fresh into my Mind, and my Conscience, which was not yet come to the Pitch of Hardness to which it has been since, reproach'd me with the Contempt of Advice, and the Breach of my Duty to God and my Father.” - Robinson Crusoe, Page 9” . His Father, being much older than he, already knew the struggles sailors face, and put great effort into communicating this to Robinson. https://enlightenmens.lmc.gatech.edu/items/show/386

Defoe uses the word “passion” to give a cause to and emphasize Mrs. Crusoe’s strong negative reaction to Robinson’s declaration of leaving the household. The Oxford English dictionary defines passion as “As a mass noun: strong or overpowering feeling or emotion.” When Mrs. Crusoe is put into a great passion, she begins to care overwhelmingly about her son’s safety, and although she can’t stop him, she refuses to endorse his choices.

"passion, n." OED Online, Oxford University Press, December 2019, www.oed.com/view/Entry/138504. Accessed 12 February 2020.

Those who have read the full novel before will recognize this as dramatic irony. In modern culture, many know that Robinson Crusoe is eventually stranded on an island. Even readers may have some sense of impending fate which will befall him. Thus, when he makes a promise upon his potential return, a majority will know he’s very incorrect.

Robinson Crusoe shows false bravery by claiming he will survive at sea, yet won’t confront his father again. Much like a leader would use a messenger as a bearer of bad news, he uses his mother as a proxy to request his father’s permission. Even though he uses his physically mature age to rationalize his decision, his actions reflect a character who is not mature with his personal relationships

Robinson Crusoe’s assertion that he was too old to be an apprentice or clerk is consistent with the career climate of the 18th-century. It was rare for those 18 and over to be bound as an apprentice (Wallace). Being bound late would certainly set him behind his peers, who have served under masters for years at the same age and is a fair justification for his disinterest in a trade. However, this is only one of a couple of rational argument Robinson Crusoe employs, without considering the alternative, to thoughtlessly confirm his own decision. His assertion that he would leave his potential master could easily be incorrect if he became engaged in his work. He makes future promises which are conditional upon his hypothetical return home. These statements are merely justifying the decision which he has already made, and are falsely rational attempts to give reason to his decision of passion.

Wallace, Patrick. “Leaving Home and Entering Service: The Age of Apprenticeship in Early Modern London”. PDF file. October 2009

The word “consent” is frequently used in the passage as an indication that whoever gives consent shares responsibility for decisions made. Robinson’s mother is adamant that she would never give her consent so that she would not have a hand in whatever misfortune befalls him. This implies that had she given her consent, she would bear the burden for his eventual shipwreck on an island.

As a middle-class young adult, Robinson Crusoe is rejecting what is typical for someone in his demographic. As the passage suggests, he could pursue an apprenticeship or become a legal assistant. About the middle class, his father states “that Temperance, Moderation, Quietness, Health, Society, all agreeable Diversions, and all desirable Pleasures, were the Blessings attending the middle Station of Life (Defoe 4).” Being a voyager at sea, which entails daily risks of injury and disease, is a very different lifestyle from that which his father suggests.

Defoe, Daniel, 1661?-1731. Robinson Crusoe. Oxford ; New York :Oxford University Press, 2007.

The word “consent” is frequently used in the passage as an indication that whoever gives consent shares responsibility for decisions made. Robinson’s mother is adamant that she would never give her consent so that she would not have a hand in whatever misfortune befalls him. This implies that had she given her consent, she would bear the burden for his eventual shipwreck on an island.

Robinson Crusoe’s disobedience to his father shows he is a specific character who sometimes ignores rational planning in favor of adventurous passions. In the page prior to this passage, he is convinced, by his father, to live a simpler life in the class which he was born, rather than risk ruin at sea. Taking the power to determine to make one’s life choices, especially at age eighteen, reflects the individualism which was inspired by enlightenment thinkers and began to manifest in characters in novels

The structure of the passage reinforces traditional gender and generational roles typical of the 18th century. The adolescent son has defied his father’s rational reasoning in favor of boarding a voyage to sea. In reaction, his mother has a strong emotional reaction, pleading for him to consider his safety. These portrayals reflect 18th-century roles of young men as rash, inexperienced, risk-takers and mothers as their emotionally sensitive, but powerless guardians.

Understanding the interior thoughts of others is very difficult for characters in the novel. Robinson states about his mother, “she wondered how I could think of any such thing (his decision to go to sea) after such a Discourse as I had had with my Father.” This is reflective of 18th-century philosophy, where Locke hypothesized ideas could be formed by either reflection or instruction. It was apparent to observers that his father persuaded him not to leave by instruction, but his internal thought and emotional processes were invisible to his mother

Mr. and Mrs. Crusoe are worried about their son’s safety because sailing in the 18th-century was a dangerous career. Royal museums Greenwich informs that “Over a period of hundreds of years, seafarers from the age of the early explorers to the time of the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, shared many common experiences. Men working at sea had much to endure; cut off from normal life on shore for months, even years, they had to accept cramped conditions, disease, poor food and pay. Above all, they faced the daily dangers of sea and weather"(Greenwich). Robinson, having been raised in a comfortable and safe home, has no preparation to face the dangers which lie ahead.

“Life at Sea in the Age of Sail.” Royal Museums Greenwich, 11 Dec. 2019, www.rmg.co.uk/discover/explore/life-sea-age-sail.

Robinson Crusoe confronts his mother with this request to ease his guilt of running away. Weeks before this conversation, he breached the same proposal with his father, who dissuaded him of this journey with genuine promises of a comfortable and peaceful life. Despite this, he eventually resolves to run away without notifying his father, knowing he would never approve. He knows that if one of his parents gives their consent, it will suppress his guilt.

Defoe uses the word “passion” to give a cause to and emphasize Mrs. Crusoe’s strong negative reaction to Robinson’s declaration of leaving the household. The Oxford English dictionary defines passion as “As a mass noun: strong or overpowering feeling or emotion.” When Mrs. Crusoe is put into a great passion, she begins to care overwhelmingly about her son’s safety, and although she can’t stop him, she refuses to endorse his choices.

"passion, n." OED Online, Oxford University Press, December 2019, www.oed.com/view/Entry/138504. Accessed 12 February 2020.

Robinson Crusoe’s assertion that he was too old to be an apprentice or clerk is consistent with the career climate of the 18th-century. It was rare for those 18 and over to be bound as an apprentice (Wallace). Being bound late would certainly set him behind his peers, who have served under masters for years at the same age and is a fair justification for his disinterest in a trade. However, this is only one of a couple of rational argument Robinson Crusoe employs, without considering the alternative, to thoughtlessly confirm his own decision. His assertion that he would leave his potential master could easily be incorrect if he became engaged in his work. He makes future promises which are conditional upon his hypothetical return home. These statements are merely justifying the decision which he has already made, and are falsely rational attempts to give reason to his decision of passion.

Wallace, Patrick. “Leaving Home and Entering Service: The Age of Apprenticeship in Early Modern London”. PDF file. October 2009

Robinson Crusoe shows false bravery by claiming he will survive at sea, yet won’t confront his father again. Much like a leader would use a messenger as a bearer of bad news, he uses his mother as a proxy to request his father’s permission. Even though he uses his physically mature age to rationalize his decision, his actions reflect a character who is not mature with his personal relationships

As a middle-class young adult, Robinson Crusoe is rejecting what is typical for someone in his demographic. As the passage suggests, he could pursue an apprenticeship or become a legal assistant. About the middle class, his father states “that Temperance, Moderation, Quietness, Health, Society, all agreeable Diversions, and all desirable Pleasures, were the Blessings attending the middle Station of Life (Defoe 4).” Being a voyager at sea, which entails daily risks of injury and disease, is a very different lifestyle from that which his father suggests.

Defoe, Daniel, 1661?-1731. Robinson Crusoe. Oxford ; New York :Oxford University Press, 2007.

Robinson Crusoe’s father knows the fate which will ultimately befall his son, and will never endorse this dangerous voyage. Only three pages following does Robinson record his first encounter with the sea. “The Ship was no sooner gotten out of the Humber, but the Wind began to blow, and the Waves to rise* in a most fright-ful manner; and as I had never been at Sea before, I was most inexpressibly sick in Body, and terrify'd in my Mind: I began now seriously to reflect upon what I had done, and how justly I was overtaken by the Judgment of Heaven for my wicked leaving my Father's House, and abandoning my Duty; all the good Counsel of my Parents, my Father's Tears and my Mother's Entreaties came now fresh into my Mind, and my Conscience, which was not yet come to the Pitch of Hardness to which it has been since, reproach'd me with the Contempt of Advice, and the Breach of my Duty to God and my Father.” - Robinson Crusoe, Page 9” . His Father, being much older than he, already knew the struggles sailors face, and put great effort into communicating this to Robinson. https://enlightenmens.lmc.gatech.edu/items/show/386

Those who have read the full novel before will recognize this as dramatic irony. In modern culture, many know that Robinson Crusoe is eventually stranded on an island. Even readers may have some sense of impending fate which will befall him. Thus, when he makes a promise upon his potential return, a majority will know he’s very incorrect.

i think this is the limit

quite dank d

darker by lots

even darker

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darker

make it darker do it

make it darker