Internet law expert Frank Pasquale is among those who have advocated for search result algorithms in the U.S. to be regulated by the government.

"People equate the position of search results with how true they are," Epstein explains. "What's higher is better. What's higher is truer."

"We do our best to prevent offensive terms, like porn and hate speech, from appearing, but we don't always get it right," the spokesperson continued and pointed to a June

This is the crux of the problem: Google can only show you information if it exists on the web. There are no news stories about Obama not planning a coup, just as web pages about the Holocaust tend to take as a given that it happened. Google can’t refer users to a web page that doesn’t exist, and it is — so far — not in the business of crafting rebuttals itself, which is why conspiracy theories dominate briefly, until they can be noticed and rebutted.

The problem, naturally, is that Google’s highlighted answers work terribly for queries that don’t have a definitive answer.

And you’re done. That may sound like a lot of steps, but each one is simple, fast, and fluid. Here are those steps executed in real time (video intentionally silent). I really encourage you to watch the video to see how ridiculously easy this is for someone with some training.

Comedian Amy Schumer may have contributed to the revival of this fake meme. She put it on Instagram, adding at the end of a lengthy message, “Yes this quote is fake but it doesn’t matter.”

We’ve long encouraged readers to be skeptical of viral claims, and make good use of the delete key when a chain email hits their inboxes.

If everything is compromised, then everything can be ignored, and filtering is simply a matter of choosing what you want to hear.

That upper register of “Nope, that quote was used correctly” is something you really have to coax the students into.

In February 2016, a rumor developed that Trump’s elderly cousin had recently died and that he had opposed the magnate’s presidential bid in his obituary. “As a proud bearer of the Trump name, I implore you all, please don’t let that walking mucus bag become president,” the obituary reportedly said. But Snopes could not find evidence of the cousin, or his obituary, and rejected the story as false.

Fake news prospers, the authors write, “because humans, not robots, are more likely to spread it.”

Fake news and false rumors reach more people, penetrate deeper into the social network, and spread much faster than accurate stories.

Academics have “contributed to the quality, intellectual rigor, and impact of . . . clinical trials,” the editors of the nation’s top medical journals, including NEJM, wrote in an editorial in 2001. “But, as economic pressures mount, this may be a thing of the past.”

The odds of coming to a conclusion favorable to the industry are 3.6 times greater in research sponsored by the industry than in research sponsored by government and nonprofit groups

Other industry-funded papers published in NEJM have led to conclusions that were later contradicted. Research published in NEJM regarding bestsellers such as the anemia drug Epogen and heart drug Natrecor has been challenged later by studies performed by other researchers.

The trial had been funded by GlaxoSmithKline, and each of the 11 authors had received money from the company. Four were employees and held company stock.

As the proportion of female authors over all has grown, the biologists' study found, so has the percentage of women as first authors.

To be hired on the tenure track in those fields by a top research university, young scholars increasingly must have publications on their CV's by the time they finish their doctoral degrees

Scholarly publishing, more than anything else, is the measuring stick of professors' research productivity.

One great takeaway that came from this “unconference” discussion was that a group of us are going to apply to Force11 to start a working group to examine ways of building real and meaningful inclusivity to these broad-based scholarly communication discussions. Our goal will be to craft a checklist or set of guidelines for organizers to consider in everything from convening their steering committees to selecting a meeting location.

For one, I learned from my Latin American colleagues that they are essentially forced to cite North American or Western European researchers in all their work in order to get published,

There was a lot of talk about building a “global” scholarly commons, but essentially this commons was being built by and for the global north.

Otherwise, researchers can email authors for copies, request them from interlibrary-loan systems (which can take a day to process) or pay a one-time purchase fee. At the time of going to press, Elsevier had not yet revoked the UC system's journal access

This issue does not just impact UC, but also countless scholars, researchers and scientists around the globe -- and we stand with them in their push for full unfettered access.”

UC's negotiators said the door is open should Elsevier decide to come back with another offer. But they aren’t holding their breath. The system said many other U.S. institutions have shown interest in read-and-publish deals.

multimillion-dollar subscription contract

it is about informing the way we collaborate, design, manage, lead, and advocate.

This content would have translated to untold thousands of dollars if he had followed the traditional routes available to him,

In the simplest terms, we are critical educators when we compel ourselves and others to think about power and privilege, and we are feminist educators when we dig beneath the status quo of our content and identify justice-focused approaches to engaging learners in a process of safe/radical self- and system-examination.

At their best, libraries are an institutional form of social justice that equalize information availability and provide safe public space for learning and doing. At their worst, they perpetuate inequities and apportion resources among the intellectually sanctioned.

fosterbrave spacesin classrooms and on campus,environments where there are trust and belief that students, anyone actually, can take the risks to share theirviews and explore big complex questions openly and authentically (Arao & Clemens,2013).

How can we walk the fine line between developing activists andbeing a member of the“establishment”?

primarily socialized or culturally determined. They consider their values in relation to their multiple identitiesand potential conflicts that could arise within and among their values. My students all have remarked that theywant to be social change agents and are on a quest to figure out what that means for them. They analyze theirdeepest motivations and what they believe is worth fighting for. For example, they consider under whatcircumstances might it be worth engaging in unlawful protest. They also consider the potential consequencesof actions related to activism and other strategies for social change, such as arrest, which could eliminate onefrom consideration for certain future positions from which one could effect large-scale social change.How Do We Help Students See Themselves as Problem Solvers Not JustProblem Identifiers?The press has called student activists“crybullies,”who are good at identifying problems, making demands,and expecting administrators to meet them, thus absolving themselves of responsibility (Porterfield,2016).They have also been called“clicktivists”or“slacktivists,”clicking to sign a petition or“liking”a cause onFacebook. A problem solver, on the other hand, notices that something is wrong, studies the situation,develops potential solutions, and then takes action to address the problem.Daniel R. Porterfield, president of Franklin and Marshall College, provided an example of problem-solving student activism on his campus in response to ugly racist remarks posted on Yik Yak. I have found thisexample worthy of discussion with students who are contemplating how to deal with similar issues. Instead ofseeking to delete or ignore the racist posts, a group of F&M student activists took screenshots of the posts andmounted them on a large canvas with the headline,“You can no longer deny our experiences.”Then theydisplayed their public art, creatively named“Black Yak,”in the student center and included ample b

confrontational action, such as a demonstration or strike

can help us create a campus environment that encouragesand supports constructive student activism.

Because digital environments provide more mystery than answers, inquiry into how to teach online is key—and not just how to load up content into an LMS, but how to reach students, how to create rigorous, invigorating discussions, how to build opportunities for peer-driven learning, how to grow academics in that space, or how to incorporate those more boundary-pushing pedagogies into digital teaching.

The digital isn’t magic. It isn’t mysterious. It’s regular human communication astride a new medium. Let me say that again: It’s regular human communication astride a new medium. There’s no need to make it more than it is.

There were no classmates with whom I could study.

The real problem here is not that quality suffered, but that people mistook what they were doing within the LMS as pedagogical. It may be teaching—in the same way that reading from a handout is teaching—but simply slotting your pre-written materials into an online framework and calling it a class is not interesting or sound pedagogy.

Without grades, “I think my relationships with students are better,” Drier says.  “Their writing improves more quickly and the things they learn stay with them longer.  I’ve had lots of kids tell me it’s changed their attitude about coming to school.”  He expected resistance from parents but says that in three years only one parent has objected, and it may help that he sends a letter home to explain exactly what he’s doing and why.  Now two of his colleagues are joining him in eliminating grades.

Teachers report that students, for their part, often just turn to the grade and ignore the comment, but “when there’s only a comment, they read it,” says high school English teacher Jim Drier. 

Maybe so, but I’d argue that too much attention to the particulars of implementation may be distracting us from the bigger picture — or at least from a pair of remarkable conclusions that emerge from the best theory, practice, and research on the subject: