I remember learning about salt domes in sed strat when discussing hydrocarbon systems. Salt dome flanks can act as a hydrocarbon trap because they create gaps in the strata for oil from source rocks to fill in. I am glad this text explains how they form because we didn't discuss this when learning about this trap type so this gave me some more clarity.

Is this because these areas experience less weathering as there isn't any major tectonic activity?

How does the structure/chemical makeup of these two rocks cause them to weather differently into two distinct colors when they are originally the same?

This reminds me of a lab we did in sed strat where we observed flute cast orientations and put the data into rose diagrams to determine the general paleocurrent direction.

I have never heard of this term and am a bit unclear of the definition and what this would look like. What kind of structure would be an example of this? Like any sort of deposit that is not fully lithified or is this partially lithified?