involved in thiol-disulfide redox process reduced - glutathione = GSH oxidized - glutathione = GSSG

build tertiary (3) structure between cysteine residues

Thiol - SH (reduced) -- protonated Disulfide - S (oxidized) -- deprotonated

1. S
2. R
3. R/R

based on atomic number

Chiral centers are any 4-C surrounded by different groups.

draw skeleton structure and flip the wedges. are they the same?

What is the difference between enantiomers and diastereomers, how are they the same? same connectivity of atoms but different spatial arrangement

enantiomers are mirror image and chirals always have one (pair) - they are superimposable. identical properties: melting point boiling point density diastereomers: not mirror images ; non

are 4 - tetrahedral sp3 hybridized - different substituents like amino acids except for glycine (2H)

Youre face is achiral because there is symmetry. that is why the more symmetrical you are, the prettier your are aka. the golden ratio. so sleep well and exercise accordingly. :)

your hands are chiral - they cannot superimpose why is that? well your thumbs need to clasp together.

Enzymes are to SUBSTRATES As Receptors are to LIGANDS

Tertiary Structure: Characteristics: - 1+ Binding pockets to bind other molecules - Folded Structure - Functional Groups = Determines what the protein DO.

How do enzymes react> they need a substrate to bind to an active site (pocket) where the rxn will take place.

What reaction occurs when creating a polymer? When another amino acid chain attaches together, it forms a peptide bond through a dehydration synthesis reaction of which leaves a residue of the original amino acid.

How is a protein sequence written? N-Terminal to C-Terminal

What determines the protein sequence? The DNA during replication determines what type of protein (classified as 50+ amino acids) is formed. aka PROTEIN SYNTHESIS or TRANSLATION

Why are each side chain unique? BECAUSE they each have a functional group !